School Presentations

8/14/2019 School Presentations

1/65

CYBER CRIME


2/65

What is CybercrimeWhat is Cybercrime

Crimes committed through the

use of computer or the Internet

or in any other unfair means.e.g. Drugs, Terrorism,

Money Extortion, ChildPornography


3/65

CybercrimeCybercrime

Unauthorized AccessUnauthorized Access

Software PiracySoftware Piracy

Spreading VirusSpreading Virus

Objectionable MaterialsObjectionable Materials

Anonymous MailsAnonymous Mails

SPAMSPAM


4/65

HiHi--Tech CrimeTech Crime

Generally committed byGenerally committed byintelligent, computer literateintelligent, computer literate

and informed individualsand informed individualsThere is a need to amendThere is a need to amend

current laws in order tocurrent laws in order to

handle the Hihandle the Hi--Tech CrimesTech Crimes


5/65

Scope of the ProblemScope of the Problem

Cyber crime is a global problemCyber crime is a global problem Statistics on such crime cannotStatistics on such crime cannot

accurately highlight itaccurately highlight its gravity .s gravity .

Criminals can route their activitiesCriminals can route their activitiesthrough countries where jurisdictionalthrough countries where jurisdictionalprocess and legal problems can makeprocess and legal problems can makeinvestigation difficult.investigation difficult.


6/65

CybercrimeCybercrimeUnauthorized AccessUnauthorized Access

HackingHackingWeb sites also can be HackedWeb sites also can be Hacked

Breaking of Computer SecurityBreaking of Computer Security Breaking Passwords and Access CodesBreaking Passwords and Access Codes

Copying Important InformationCopying Important Information Secret DocumentsSecret Documents

Software and Source ProgramsSoftware and Source Programs

Bank Accounts :Bank Accounts : Money Laundering, Credit Card FraudMoney Laundering, Credit Card Fraud


7/65

Unauthorized Access (contd.)Unauthorized Access (contd.)

Password Sniffers:Password Sniffers:Computer programs that monitor andComputer programs that monitor and

record the name and password ofrecord the name and password of

network users as they login, can benetwork users as they login, can beimpersonated .impersonated .

SpoofingSpoofing

Act of disguising one computerAct of disguising one computerelectronically to pretend it to beelectronically to pretend it to beanother oneanother one


8/65

CybercrimeCybercrimeSoftware PiracySoftware Piracy

Illegal Use, Copy, Distribution orIllegal Use, Copy, Distribution orSell of Computer SoftwareSell of Computer Software

Prohibited by LawProhibited by Law

But few Raids has been made so farBut few Raids has been made so farin Indiain India

Software companies are interestedSoftware companies are interestedto make a large illegal user legalto make a large illegal user legalrather than taking them to therather than taking them to the

courtscourts


9/65

Losses Suffered byLosses Suffered byCompaniesCompanies

Country % of Piracy Losses (M. Dollar)

Australia 45 160

Brazil 80 91

France 73 1200

Germany 62 1000India 68 40

Italy 86 550

Japan 92 3000

Korea 82 648

Mexico 85 206Singapore 41 24

Spain 86 362

United Kingdom 54 685

United States 35 1900Source : NASSCOM


10/65

Remedies to PiracyRemedies to Piracy

Hardware Lock and Software Lock .Hardware Lock and Software Lock . Educating Users on Perils of PiracyEducating Users on Perils of Piracy

Sending MailsSending Mails

Stickers :Stickers : Copy Software Illegally and you could getCopy Software Illegally and you could getthis Hardware Absolutely Freethis Hardware Absolutely Free (with picture of(with picture ofhandcuffs)handcuffs)

Conducting SeminarsConducting Seminars

Surprise Raids (NASSCOM)Surprise Raids (NASSCOM) Supplying Legal Software at reasonableSupplying Legal Software at reasonable

costcost


11/65

CybercrimeCybercrimeVirus AttacksVirus Attacks

Self Replicating Program orSelf Replicating Program orProgram Segment which normallyProgram Segment which normallyharm the functioning of anharm the functioning of an

otherwise wellotherwise well--behaved Computerbehaved Computer First virus : CFirst virus : C--Brain and Ashar :Brain and Ashar :

were released by two Pakistaniwere released by two Pakistanibrothers in 1987brothers in 1987


12/65

Categories of Virus:Categories of Virus:

Boot Sector VirusBoot Sector Virus

Partition Table VirusPartition Table Virus

File VirusFile Virus

Email VirusEmail Virus


13/65

Some Common VirusSome Common Virus

Die Hard 2Die Hard 2 Increases each Executable File size by 4000 bytesIncreases each Executable File size by 4000 bytes

Monkey VirusMonkey Virus Corrupt the Partition TableCorrupt the Partition Table

CharasCharas Corrupts the File Allocation TableCorrupts the File Allocation Table

Friday the 13thFriday the 13th

Formats the whole Hard Disk on a Friday, which is also 13thFormats the whole Hard Disk on a Friday, which is also 13thof a monthof a month

Polymorphic VirusPolymorphic Virus Changes Signature on ReplicatingChanges Signature on Replicating


14/65

Email VirusEmail Virus

I Love YouI Love You(Love bug)(Love bug)

Happy 99 .Happy 99 .


15/65

Remedies to VirusRemedies to Virus

Careful Usage of FloppiesCareful Usage of FloppiesUse WriteUse Write--Protect TagsProtect Tags

Use of Legal Software onlyUse of Legal Software onlyCleaning by recent VaccinesCleaning by recent Vaccines

Live Update of AntiLive Update of Anti--virusvirusSoftwareSoftware


16/65

Some wellSome well--knownknownVaccinesVaccines

Norton AntiNorton Anti--VirusVirus

NashNash--softsoft

Smart DogSmart Dog

AVGAVG

Red AlertRed Alert


17/65

CybercrimeCybercrimeObjectionable MaterialsObjectionable Materials

PornographyPornography Explicit Sexual Materials (Text and/orExplicit Sexual Materials (Text and/or

Pictures)Pictures)

Enters Countries where they are prohibitedEnters Countries where they are prohibitedby Lawby Law

Hate materialsHate materials

Racist Views against some caste, creed,Racist Views against some caste, creed,country or religioncountry or religion

Remedies :Remedies : CyberCopsCyberCops ..


18/65

CybercrimeCybercrimeAnonymous MailsAnonymous Mails

Here the header part of the message isHere the header part of the message isstripped offstripped off

Originally was created for deservingOriginally was created for deserving

candidatescandidates e.g. for users who wish to criticize/expose some sociale.g. for users who wish to criticize/expose some social

evil without disclosing their identityevil without disclosing their identity

victims of abuses of some powerful miscreantsvictims of abuses of some powerful miscreants

Being also used by cybercriminalsBeing also used by cybercriminals e.g. To mail copyrighted books, software programse.g. To mail copyrighted books, software programs


19/65

Encrypted MessagesEncrypted Messages

Used by professionals/officers to protect theUsed by professionals/officers to protect thesecrecy of academic/official documents etc.secrecy of academic/official documents etc.

A practical equivalent of using trained secretA practical equivalent of using trained secret--agent couriersagent couriers

Being used also by criminals, terroristBeing used also by criminals, terroristorganizations !organizations !

A simple picture file or a music may beA simple picture file or a music may be

anything starting from a love letter, to aanything starting from a love letter, to ablackmail note, to a complex money launderingblackmail note, to a complex money launderinginstruction, to military secretsinstruction, to military secrets


20/65

Credit Card FraudCredit Card Fraud

The U.S. secret serviceThe U.S. secret servicebelieves that half a billionbelieves that half a billion

dollars may be lost annuallydollars may be lost annuallyby consumers who haveby consumers who havecredit card numbers stolencredit card numbers stolenfrom onfrom on--line data bases.line data bases.


21/65

Some Incidents:Some Incidents:

1)An engineer working in a large bank1)An engineer working in a large bankreprograms the bank account handlingreprograms the bank account handlingcomputer program, so that each day a trifle sumcomputer program, so that each day a trifle sumof money, say $ 3 is credited from some largeof money, say $ 3 is credited from some large

bank account to one kept under a false name,bank account to one kept under a false name,but actually belonging to him.but actually belonging to him.

2)The personal secretary to the president of a2)The personal secretary to the president of asuccessful multinational company decodes allsuccessful multinational company decodes all

the passwords and access codes, changes andthe passwords and access codes, changes andencrypts important money related files andencrypts important money related files andthereafter starts blackmailing the boss.thereafter starts blackmailing the boss.


22/65

Some Incidents (contd.):Some Incidents (contd.):

3)A nine year old internet user got3)A nine year old internet user gothypnotized by his cyberhypnotized by his cyber--friend andfriend andcajoled to divulge his fathercajoled to divulge his fathers credit cards credit card

particulars.particulars. 4)In Britain, details of the committal4)In Britain, details of the committal

proceedings in a trial in court wereproceedings in a trial in court werereleased in Febreleased in Feb95 on an Internet95 on an Internetdiscussion forum. Any newspaper doingdiscussion forum. Any newspaper doingso would be charged with contempt ofso would be charged with contempt ofcourt.court.


23/65

Created By : PRAKASH AGARWAL & RAMBALAK SHARMA


24/65

DATABASE MANAGEM

SYSTEM


25/65

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE

EXAMPLES OF DATABASE

DATA ABSTRACTION

DATA MODELS

NORMALIZATION


26/65

INTRODUCTION

A database system is basically a combased record keeping system.

It maintains information that is necess

the decision making processes involv

the management of an organization.

The intention of a database is that thecollection of data should serve as ma

applications as possible.


27/65

ADVANTAGES OF DATABA

Data redundancy :In database all theare kept at one place and all the appli

that require data refer to the centrally

maintained database,thus avoidingduplication of database.

Sharing of data : In database individu

pieces of data may be shared among s

different users.


28/65

Contd....

Data security : DBMS ensures data seby ensuring that the only means of ac

the database is through proper channe

Atomicity : DBMS considers all thetransactions as atoms, thus efficiently

handling power failures .


29/65

EXAMPLES OF DBM

Some examples of DBMS software ar FoxPro

Microsoft Access

Sybase

Oracle


30/65

DATA ABSTRACTIO

Data Abstraction : It is the mechanisextracting the essential part of the dat

suppressing the unnecessary part for t

current environment. DBMS provide the users only that mu

information that is required by them a

does not disclose all the details of the

by data abstraction.


31/65

LEVELS OF DATABA

The various levels of database are : Internal Level : At this level , comple

level data structures are described in

Conceptual Level : At this level , the

database is described logically in ter

simple data structures. View Level : At this level , only selec

attributes are visible to the user.


32/65

DATA MODELS

OBJECT BASED LOGICAL

MODELS

RECORD BASED LOGICAL

MODELS

PHYSI

M

DATA MODELS


33/65

RECORD BASED MOD

Relational Model Network Model Hierarchic

Record Based

Models


34/65

RECORD BASED MOD

The various types of record based logmodels are :

Relational Model: In this model, data

relationship among data are representa set of tables .

Network Model : In this model, the thcollection of records are connected to

another by means of links.


35/65

Contd...

Hierarchical Model : In this model, threcords are organized as trees rather t

arbitrary graphs.


36/65

NORMALIZATION

Normalization: It is a database designtechnique which is used to minimize

database anomalies.

1NF: A relation is said to be in 1NF ithe attributes in it are atomic.

2NF: A relation is said to be in 2NF iin 1NF and all non key attributes are

functionally dependent on key attribu


37/65

Contd...

3NF: A relation is said to be in 3NF iin 2NF and every non key attribute is

transitively dependent upon the prima

key. BCNF: A relation is said to be in BC

in 3NF and every determinant in the t

a candidate key.


38/65

SOME DISADVANTAG

Some disadvantages of DBMS are : Extra hardware may be required.

System is likely to be complex.

Performance overhead may be signifi

Security may be compromised withou

controls.


39/65

APPLICATIONS OF DB

Some applications of DBMS are: Educational institutions

Railway Reservations

Hospitals

Offices


40/65

THANK YOU

BY PRAKASH & R


41/65

GENERATIOGENERATIOGENERATIOGENERATIO

OFOFOFOF

COMPUTERCOMPUTERCOMPUTERCOMPUTER


42/65

ABACUSABACUSABACUSABACUS Abacus is the firstAbacus is the firstAbacus is the firstAbacus is the first

calculating device .calculating device .calculating device .calculating device .

This device wasThis device wasThis device wasThis device was

developed in Chinadeveloped in Chinadeveloped in Chinadeveloped in China

during 5000 B.C.during 5000 B.C.during 5000 B.C.during 5000 B.C.

Abacus has a frameAbacus has a frameAbacus has a frameAbacus has a frame

with beads strung onwith beads strung onwith beads strung onwith beads strung on

wire rods .wire rods .wire rods .wire rods .

ArithmeticArithmeticArithmeticArithmetic

calculations arecalculations arecalculations arecalculations are

performed byperformed byperformed byperformed by

manipulating themanipulating themanipulating themanipulating the

beads .beads .beads .beads .


43/65

NAPIERNAPIERNAPIERNAPIERS BONESS BONESS BONESS BONES

It was devised by JohnIt was devised by JohnIt was devised by JohnIt was devised by JohnNapier in 1617 .Napier in 1617 .Napier in 1617 .Napier in 1617 .

It consist of a set ofIt consist of a set ofIt consist of a set ofIt consist of a set of

eleven bones , eacheleven bones , eacheleven bones , eacheleven bones , eachbone has four facesbone has four facesbone has four facesbone has four faces

with numberswith numberswith numberswith numbers

inscribed on them .inscribed on them .inscribed on them .inscribed on them .

It could calculateIt could calculateIt could calculateIt could calculate

products andproducts andproducts andproducts and

quotients of largequotients of largequotients of largequotients of large

numbers .numbers .numbers .numbers .


44/65

PASCALPASCALPASCALPASCALS ARITHMETICS ARITHMETICS ARITHMETICS ARITHMETICENGINEENGINEENGINEENGINE

It was devised by Blaise Pascal inIt was devised by Blaise Pascal inIt was devised by Blaise Pascal inIt was devised by Blaise Pascal in It had a complex arrangement ofIt had a complex arrangement ofIt had a complex arrangement ofIt had a complex arrangement of

and gears and windows for displaand gears and windows for displaand gears and windows for displaand gears and windows for displa

numbers .numbers .numbers .numbers . It was the first successful mechaIt was the first successful mechaIt was the first successful mechaIt was the first successful mecha

calculatorcalculatorcalculatorcalculator ....


45/65

BABBAGEBABBAGEBABBAGEBABBAGES ANALYTICALS ANALYTICALS ANALYTICALS ANALYTICALENGINEENGINEENGINEENGINE

It was designed by CharlesIt was designed by CharlesIt was designed by CharlesIt was designed by CharlesBabbage its design all theBabbage its design all theBabbage its design all theBabbage its design all the

fundamental concepts of digitalfundamental concepts of digitalfundamental concepts of digitalfundamental concepts of digital

computers .computers .computers .computers .

It had a great significance in theIt had a great significance in theIt had a great significance in theIt had a great significance in the

history of computer because it hadhistory of computer because it hadhistory of computer because it hadhistory of computer because it had

in its design all the fundamentalin its design all the fundamentalin its design all the fundamentalin its design all the fundamental

concepts of digital computers .concepts of digital computers .concepts of digital computers .concepts of digital computers .

This made Babbage earn the nameThis made Babbage earn the nameThis made Babbage earn the nameThis made Babbage earn the name

Father Of Modern ComputerFather Of Modern ComputerFather Of Modern ComputerFather Of Modern Computer ....


46/65

FIRST GENERATION ( 1945FIRST GENERATION ( 1945FIRST GENERATION ( 1945FIRST GENERATION ( 1945----1111

Characteristics of FirstCharacteristics of FirstCharacteristics of FirstCharacteristics of First

Generation of computers :Generation of computers :Generation of computers :Generation of computers : ----

VacuumVacuumVacuumVacuum----tube circuits .tube circuits .tube circuits .tube circuits .

Punched cards .Punched cards .Punched cards .Punched cards .

Required machine languageRequired machine languageRequired machine languageRequired machine language

programmingprogrammingprogrammingprogramming

Generated considerable heat .Generated considerable heat .Generated considerable heat .Generated considerable heat . Limited internal storage capacity .Limited internal storage capacity .Limited internal storage capacity .Limited internal storage capacity .

Eg. ENIAC , EDVAC , EDSAC , UNIVAC IEg. ENIAC , EDVAC , EDSAC , UNIVAC IEg. ENIAC , EDVAC , EDSAC , UNIVAC IEg. ENIAC , EDVAC , EDSAC , UNIVAC I

SECOND GENERATION ( 195SECOND GENERATION ( 195SECOND GENERATION ( 195SECOND GENERATION ( 195


47/65

SECOND GENERATION ( 195SECOND GENERATION ( 195SECOND GENERATION ( 195SECOND GENERATION ( 195

Characteristics of SecondCharacteristics of SecondCharacteristics of SecondCharacteristics of Second

Generation of Computers:Generation of Computers:Generation of Computers:Generation of Computers:----

Transistor circuits .Transistor circuits .Transistor circuits .Transistor circuits . MagneticMagneticMagneticMagnetic----core primarycore primarycore primarycore primary

storage .storage .storage .storage .

HighHighHighHigh----level procedurallevel procedurallevel procedurallevel procedurallanguages .languages .languages .languages .

Less heat generated .Less heat generated .Less heat generated .Less heat generated .

Development of magnetic diskDevelopment of magnetic diskDevelopment of magnetic diskDevelopment of magnetic diskstorage .storage .storage .storage .

Eg. IBMEg. IBMEg. IBMEg. IBM----700 , IBM700 , IBM700 , IBM700 , IBM----1401 , ICL 19011401 , ICL 19011401 , ICL 19011401 , ICL 1901


48/65

THIRD GENERATION ( 1966THIRD GENERATION ( 1966THIRD GENERATION ( 1966THIRD GENERATION ( 1966---- Characteristics of ThirdCharacteristics of ThirdCharacteristics of ThirdCharacteristics of Third

Generation of Computers :Generation of Computers :Generation of Computers :Generation of Computers :----

Integrated circuits .Integrated circuits .Integrated circuits .Integrated circuits .

Better storage devices (tapes) .Better storage devices (tapes) .Better storage devices (tapes) .Better storage devices (tapes) .

Faster than previousFaster than previousFaster than previousFaster than previous

generations .generations .generations .generations .

Multi programming operatingMulti programming operatingMulti programming operatingMulti programming operating

system .system .system .system .

Development of mini computers .Development of mini computers .Development of mini computers .Development of mini computers .

Eg. IBM 360 , IBM 370 , NCR 395 .Eg. IBM 360 , IBM 370 , NCR 395 .Eg. IBM 360 , IBM 370 , NCR 395 .Eg. IBM 360 , IBM 370 , NCR 395 .


49/65

FOURTH GENERATION ( 1981FOURTH GENERATION ( 1981FOURTH GENERATION ( 1981FOURTH GENERATION ( 1981

Characteristics of FourthCharacteristics of FourthCharacteristics of FourthCharacteristics of Fourth

Generation of Computers :Generation of Computers :Generation of Computers :Generation of Computers :----

SSI/LSI/VLSI .SSI/LSI/VLSI .SSI/LSI/VLSI .SSI/LSI/VLSI .

SemiSemiSemiSemi----conductor primaryconductor primaryconductor primaryconductor primarystorage .storage .storage .storage .

Development of electronicDevelopment of electronicDevelopment of electronicDevelopment of electronic

spreadsheets .spreadsheets .spreadsheets .spreadsheets . Microprocessors used .Microprocessors used .Microprocessors used .Microprocessors used .

Faster speed of processing .Faster speed of processing .Faster speed of processing .Faster speed of processing .

EgEgEgEg. PENTIUM , POWER PC .. PENTIUM , POWER PC .. PENTIUM , POWER PC .. PENTIUM , POWER PC .


50/65

FUTURE GENERATIONFUTURE GENERATIONFUTURE GENERATIONFUTURE GENERATION

Characteristics of Future GeneratCharacteristics of Future GeneratCharacteristics of Future GeneratCharacteristics of Future GeneratComputers :Computers :Computers :Computers :----

Use of semiUse of semiUse of semiUse of semi----conductors .conductors .conductors .conductors .

Parallel processing .Parallel processing .Parallel processing .Parallel processing .


51/65


52/65

INTRODUCTION

MANY OF US DO NOT KNOW OUR OWNMANY OF US DO NOT KNOW OUR OWNMANY OF US DO NOT KNOW OUR OWNMANY OF US DO NOT KNOW OUR OWNBIRTHDAY & OTHER IMPORTANTBIRTHDAY & OTHER IMPORTANTBIRTHDAY & OTHER IMPORTANTBIRTHDAY & OTHER IMPORTANT

DAYS .DAYS .DAYS .DAYS .

THIS METHOD ENABLES US TO FINDTHIS METHOD ENABLES US TO FINDTHIS METHOD ENABLES US TO FINDTHIS METHOD ENABLES US TO FIND

THE DAY OF ANY DESIRED DATE BYTHE DAY OF ANY DESIRED DATE BYTHE DAY OF ANY DESIRED DATE BYTHE DAY OF ANY DESIRED DATE BY

USING YEAR, MONTH, & WEEK CODES.USING YEAR, MONTH, & WEEK CODES.USING YEAR, MONTH, & WEEK CODES.USING YEAR, MONTH, & WEEK CODES.


53/65

PERIODICITY

ALL CALENDARS ARE PERIODIC INALL CALENDARS ARE PERIODIC INALL CALENDARS ARE PERIODIC INALL CALENDARS ARE PERIODIC INNATURE .NATURE .NATURE .NATURE .

EVERY 29EVERY 29EVERY 29EVERY 29ththththYEAR REPEATS 1YEAR REPEATS 1YEAR REPEATS 1YEAR REPEATS 1ststststYEARYEARYEARYEAR


54/65

BASIC FORMULA

THE BASIC FORMULA FOR IT IS :THE BASIC FORMULA FOR IT IS :THE BASIC FORMULA FOR IT IS :THE BASIC FORMULA FOR IT IS : STEP ISTEP ISTEP ISTEP I ---- MATCH THE YEAR CODEMATCH THE YEAR CODEMATCH THE YEAR CODEMATCH THE YEAR CODE

STEP IISTEP IISTEP IISTEP II ---- MATCH MONTH CODE AND DIVIDE ITMATCH MONTH CODE AND DIVIDE ITMATCH MONTH CODE AND DIVIDE ITMATCH MONTH CODE AND DIVIDE IT

BY 7 (Constant) .BY 7 (Constant) .BY 7 (Constant) .BY 7 (Constant) .

THE DAY IS DETERMINED ACCORDING TO THETHE DAY IS DETERMINED ACCORDING TO THETHE DAY IS DETERMINED ACCORDING TO THETHE DAY IS DETERMINED ACCORDING TO THE

REMAINDER .REMAINDER .REMAINDER .REMAINDER .

210 CALENDARS


55/65

210 CALENDARS

YEAR Y.C YEAR Y.C YEAR Y.C YEAR Y.C YEAR Y.C YEAR Y.C YEAR Y.C

1801 5 1831 7 1861 3 1891 5 1921 7 1951 2 1981 5

1802 6 1832 1 1862 4 1892 6 1922 1 1952 3 1982 6

1803 7 1833 3 1863 5 1893 1 1923 2 1953 5 1983 7

1804 1 1834 4 1864 6 1894 2 1924 3 1954 6 1984 1

1805 3 1835 5 1865 1 1895 3 1925 5 1955 7 1985 3

1806 4 1836 6 1866 2 1896 4 1926 6 1956 1 1986 4

1807 5 1837 1 1867 3 1897 6 1927 7 1957 3 1987 5

1808 6 1838 2 1868 4 1898 7 1928 1 1958 4 1988 6

1809 1 1839 3 1869 6 1899 1 1929 3 1959 5 1989 1

1810 2 1840 4 1870 7 1900 2 1930 4 1960 6 1990 2

1811 3 1841 6 1871 1 1901 3 1931 5 1961 1 1991 3

1812 4 1842 7 1872 2 1902 4 1932 6 1962 2 1992 4

1813 6 1843 1 1873 4 1903 5 1933 1 1963 3 1993 6

1814 7 1844 2 1874 5 1904 6 1934 2 1964 4 1994 7

1815 1 1845 4 1875 6 1905 1 1935 3 1965 6 1995 1

1816 2 1846 5 1876 7 1906 2 1936 4 1966 7 1996 2

1817 4 1847 6 1877 2 1907 3 1937 6 1967 1 1997 4

1818 5 1848 7 1875 3 1908 4 1938 7 1968 2 1998 5

1819 6 1849 2 1879 4 1909 6 1939 1 1969 4 1999 6

1820 7 1850 3 1880 5 1910 7 1940 2 1970 5 2000 7

1821 2 1851 4 1881 7 1911 1 1941 4 1971 6 2001 2

1822 3 1852 5 1882 1 1912 2 1942 5 1972 7 2002 3

1823 4 1853 7 1883 2 1913 4 1943 6 1973 2 2003 4

1824 5 1854 1 1884 3 1914 5 1944 7 1974 3 2004 5

1825 7 1855 2 1885 5 1915 6 1945 2 1975 4 2005 7

1826 1 1856 3 1886 6 1916 7 1946 3 1976 5 2006 1

1827 2 1857 5 1887 7 1917 2 1947 4 1977 7 2007 2

1828 3 1858 6 1888 1 1918 3 1948 5 1978 1 2008 3

1829 5 1859 7 1889 3 1919 4 1949 7 1979 2 2009 5

1830 6 1860 1 1890 4 1920 5 1950 1 1980 3 2010 6

YEARS ALONG WITH YEAR CODE

CODES FOR EVERY MONTH AND WEEK


56/65

MONTH CODES

1 6 2 2 5 0 3 5 1 4 6 2 4

2 0 3 3 6 1 4 6 2 5 0 3 5

3 1 4 4 0 2 5 0 3 6 1 4 6

4 2 5 5 1 3 6 1 4 0 2 5 0

5 3 6 6 2 4 0 2 5 1 3 6 1

6 4 0 0 3 5 1 3 6 2 4 0 27 5 1 1 4 6 2 4 0 3 5 1 3

WEEK CODES

SUNDAY : 0

MONDAY : 1

TUESDAY : 2

WEDNESDAY : 3

THURSDAY : 4

FRIDAY : 5

SATURDAY : 6

CALENDAR JAN FEB MA APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC


57/65

CALCULATIONS WITH EXAMPLESCALCULATIONS WITH EXAMPLESCALCULATIONS WITH EXAMPLESCALCULATIONS WITH EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1EXAMPLE 1EXAMPLE 1EXAMPLE 1 15151515ththththAUGUST 1947AUGUST 1947AUGUST 1947AUGUST 1947

YEAR CODE=4YEAR CODE=4YEAR CODE=4YEAR CODE=4

MONTH CODE=4MONTH CODE=4MONTH CODE=4MONTH CODE=4

SO, (SO, (SO, (SO, ( 15+415+415+415+4 ) / 7) / 7) / 7) / 7

REMAINDERREMAINDERREMAINDERREMAINDER= 5= 5= 5= 5 THEREFORE, IT ISTHEREFORE, IT ISTHEREFORE, IT ISTHEREFORE, IT IS FRIDAY .FRIDAY .FRIDAY .FRIDAY . (Contd.)(Contd.)(Contd.)(Contd.)


58/65

(Contd.)

EXAMPLE 2EXAMPLE 2EXAMPLE 2EXAMPLE 2 23/01/1897 (NETAJI23/01/1897 (NETAJI23/01/1897 (NETAJI23/01/1897 (NETAJIS DATE OF BIRTH)S DATE OF BIRTH)S DATE OF BIRTH)S DATE OF BIRTH)

YEAR CODE=06YEAR CODE=06YEAR CODE=06YEAR CODE=06 MONTH CODE=04MONTH CODE=04MONTH CODE=04MONTH CODE=04

SO ( 23+04)/ 7SO ( 23+04)/ 7SO ( 23+04)/ 7SO ( 23+04)/ 7

REMAINDERREMAINDERREMAINDERREMAINDER=06060606

THEREFORE, IT ISTHEREFORE, IT ISTHEREFORE, IT ISTHEREFORE, IT IS SATURDAYSATURDAYSATURDAYSATURDAY ....


59/65

(Contd.)

EXAMPLE 3EXAMPLE 3EXAMPLE 3EXAMPLE 3

24/04/1973 ( BIRTHDAY OF24/04/1973 ( BIRTHDAY OF24/04/1973 ( BIRTHDAY OF24/04/1973 ( BIRTHDAY OF

LITTLE MASTER , SACHINLITTLE MASTER , SACHINLITTLE MASTER , SACHINLITTLE MASTER , SACHIN

TENDULKAR )TENDULKAR )TENDULKAR )TENDULKAR )


MONTH CODE=06MONTH CODE=06MONTH CODE=06MONTH CODE=06

SO, (24+6)/ 7SO, (24+6)/ 7SO, (24+6)/ 7SO, (24+6)/ 7 REMAINDERREMAINDERREMAINDERREMAINDER=2=2=2=2

THEREFORE, IT ISTHEREFORE, IT ISTHEREFORE, IT ISTHEREFORE, IT IS TUESDAYTUESDAYTUESDAYTUESDAY ....


60/65

(Contd.)

EXAMPLE 4EXAMPLE 4EXAMPLE 4EXAMPLE 4

14/11/1889 ( BIRTHDAY14/11/1889 ( BIRTHDAY14/11/1889 ( BIRTHDAY14/11/1889 ( BIRTHDAY

OF CHACHAJI )OF CHACHAJI )OF CHACHAJI )OF CHACHAJI )

YEAR CODE = 03YEAR CODE = 03YEAR CODE = 03YEAR CODE = 03 MONTH CODE=04MONTH CODE=04MONTH CODE=04MONTH CODE=04

SO, (14+04)/ 7SO, (14+04)/ 7SO, (14+04)/ 7SO, (14+04)/ 7

REMAINDERREMAINDERREMAINDERREMAINDER=4=4=4=4 THEREFORE, IT ISTHEREFORE, IT ISTHEREFORE, IT ISTHEREFORE, IT IS

THURSDAYTHURSDAYTHURSDAYTHURSDAY ....


61/65

NOTE

THE DAYS FROM 1THE DAYS FROM 1THE DAYS FROM 1THE DAYS FROM 1----5 OF THE FIRST5 OF THE FIRST5 OF THE FIRST5 OF THE FIRSTWEEK OF A MONTH CANNOT BEWEEK OF A MONTH CANNOT BEWEEK OF A MONTH CANNOT BEWEEK OF A MONTH CANNOT BE

FOUND OUT BY THIS METHOD,FOUND OUT BY THIS METHOD,FOUND OUT BY THIS METHOD,FOUND OUT BY THIS METHOD,HOWEVER IT CAN BE CALCULATEDHOWEVER IT CAN BE CALCULATEDHOWEVER IT CAN BE CALCULATEDHOWEVER IT CAN BE CALCULATED

BY USING THE LAST DAY OFBY USING THE LAST DAY OFBY USING THE LAST DAY OFBY USING THE LAST DAY OFPREVIOUS MONTH .PREVIOUS MONTH .PREVIOUS MONTH .PREVIOUS MONTH .


62/65

AN EXAMPLE

02/10/1869 ( BAPUJI02/10/1869 ( BAPUJI02/10/1869 ( BAPUJI02/10/1869 ( BAPUJIS DATE OF BIRTH )S DATE OF BIRTH )S DATE OF BIRTH )S DATE OF BIRTH )

HERE WE HAVE TO FIRST FIND OUT 30th SEPTEMBERHERE WE HAVE TO FIRST FIND OUT 30th SEPTEMBERHERE WE HAVE TO FIRST FIND OUT 30th SEPTEMBERHERE WE HAVE TO FIRST FIND OUT 30th SEPTEMBER


MONTH CODE=02MONTH CODE=02MONTH CODE=02MONTH CODE=02 SO, (30+2)/ 7SO, (30+2)/ 7SO, (30+2)/ 7SO, (30+2)/ 7

REMAINDERREMAINDERREMAINDERREMAINDER=4=4=4=4

THEREFORE,30th SEPTEMBER ISTHEREFORE,30th SEPTEMBER ISTHEREFORE,30th SEPTEMBER ISTHEREFORE,30th SEPTEMBER IS THURSDAYTHURSDAYTHURSDAYTHURSDAY

AND 2nd OCTOBER ISAND 2nd OCTOBER ISAND 2nd OCTOBER ISAND 2nd OCTOBER IS SATURDAYSATURDAYSATURDAYSATURDAY ....


63/65

FOR LEAP YEARS

IN THIS CASE 1 WILL BE ADDED TO THE MONTH CODEIN THIS CASE 1 WILL BE ADDED TO THE MONTH CODEIN THIS CASE 1 WILL BE ADDED TO THE MONTH CODEIN THIS CASE 1 WILL BE ADDED TO THE MONTH CODE

FROM THE MONTH OF MARCH .FROM THE MONTH OF MARCH .FROM THE MONTH OF MARCH .FROM THE MONTH OF MARCH .

EXAMPLEEXAMPLEEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

16th DECEMBER 200416th DECEMBER 200416th DECEMBER 200416th DECEMBER 2004 YEAR CODE=05YEAR CODE=05YEAR CODE=05YEAR CODE=05

MONTH CODE=1+1 ( LEAP YEAR )MONTH CODE=1+1 ( LEAP YEAR )MONTH CODE=1+1 ( LEAP YEAR )MONTH CODE=1+1 ( LEAP YEAR )

SO, (16+2)/ 7SO, (16+2)/ 7SO, (16+2)/ 7SO, (16+2)/ 7 REMAINDERREMAINDERREMAINDERREMAINDER=4=4=4=4

THEREFORE IT ISTHEREFORE IT ISTHEREFORE IT ISTHEREFORE IT IS THURSDAYTHURSDAYTHURSDAYTHURSDAY ....


64/65

NOW TRY YOURSELF

YOUR DATE =

YEAR CODE =

MONTH CODE =

SO, ( + ) / 7

REMAINDER =

THEREFORE ,IT IS . .


65/65

School Presentations

Documents

Transcript of School Presentations