Chapter 12 : Restructuring Time: Scheduling Schedule Flexibility Schedule Design Learning Community Planning Time Elementary School Schedules Middle School Schedules Secondary School Schedules

CHAPTER 12 RESTRUCTURING TIME

SCHEDULINGSchedule FlexibilitySchedule DesignLearning Community Planning TimeElementary School SchedulesMiddle School SchedulesSecondary School SchedulesContentSchedule flexibilitySCHEDULING : THE CONCEPTSSimplicity and Complexity

Efficiency and the Use of Time Minimize the use of nonspecific study time during school hours. Minimize time used for movement from classroom to classroom. Enhance available instructional time by ;- restricts the use of intercom system to the first and last few minutes of the day.- good use of lunch time student and teacher- effective use of before and after school waiting time (students) Timeliness

Decision Level Loosely CoupledSCHEDULING : THE DESIGNShould reflect student needsavailability of courses, efficient use of time

Should reflect goals of the curriculumbalance, electives, emphasis, sequence

Should reflect goals of instructiongroup size, class length, indiv. differences

Should reflect staffing goalsplanning time, teams, use of specialistsSCHEDULING : THE DESIGNLearning Community Planning Time

Important Feature :Provide adequate team planning time for team of teachers working as a learning communityWhy?Teacher should have 5 hours each week for planning and material preparation.Prefer to arrange the time in large blocks of time rather than divide it into small segment.Best Schedule : Parallel SchedulingSCHEDULING : THE DESIGNLearning Community Planning Time

Parallel Scheduling provides large blocks of planning time throughthe use of specialist (music, art, and P.E teachers)The specialist are scheduled in a design paralleling that of the regularteaching staff so the specialists can replace each of the regular team members, freeing the of the children in their learning community for a given block of time.Parallel SchedulingMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridayMorning

SpecialistReplace Team AReplace Team C

Replace Team E or Specialist Training

Replace Team B

Replace Team D

AfternoonReplace Team BReplace Team D

Replace Team A

Replace Team C

Replace Team E or Specialist Training

Team Parallel Schedule*in a five-team school, the specialist use an extended duty-free lunch for planningSCHEDULING : THE DESIGNElementary School Schedules In a self-contained classroom, students who share similar education needs are grouped together. Ideally, the self-contained classroom offers a small student-to- teacher ratio to better meet the needs of children diagnosed with autism, ADD, ADHD, dyslexia or other special-educational requirements. A self-contained class is typically composed of students with similar learning needs. This ensures that a common environment for academic success can be maintained for all children. If students require additional accommodations, such as speech or occupational therapy, a self-contained classroom for academic education fulfills the requirement specified by law as education within the least restrictive environment because students can be pulled from the classroom for these individualized support services. Children may spend part or all of the school day in the self-contained classroom.

Self-Contained ClassroomsBlock Scheduling- Elementary SCHEDULING : THE DESIGNElementary School Schedules A flexible curriculum (different subjects varying in amounts of allocatedtimes for different students)

Individualized instruction (use of mastery learning, cooperative learning)

Varied and flexible grouping (skills group 0f 10-15 for reading and math)

Organization of staff, a team of five teachers and an aide.

Block Scheduling- Elementary Middle School SchedulesCopyright Allyn & Bacon 2007The best design for middle school is team scheduled block

For the use of internal team schedule these are the following ideas recommended:a. Achievement grouping recommended for use in reading and math instructions - abilities varyb. Homogenous grouping grouped by scores e.g math scores and reading scores11

Middle School SchedulesSecondary School Schedulesa). Group schedules

Often used to group students who are registered for a same subject and where the elective offering are very few...

Secondary School Schedulesb) Specialized thematic or school-within-a-school High School schedulesSuitable for large high schools

Because of its size, several small schools are created by clustering students, staff members, and a special curriculum together.

For example, the theme of the American Justice Sytem called Law and Order would have each subjects designing curriculum around this theme . Social studies (judicial system) science (forensic) math (using statistic to solve crimesSecondary School Schedulesc) Mosaic Schedules Most popular schedule design for secondary School

Based on the concept that students register for courses first and then a schedule is built that fits all their request.is designed to allow the scheduling of a large number of student electivesd) Computer Schedules Save hours of clerical time.Using software to plan master scheduleEasier to make adjustmentsVery efficient when enrolment is high

Secondary School Schedulese) Block Schedules- Middle and High School Features

Reduce the number of class changes that students must made during any one school day

Reduce the number of student for whom he must prepare each day

Reduce the number of assignments, tests, and projects that students must addressed at the same time.Traditional Six Period Day

Rotating Six Period Day-6 held

Rotating Six Period Day-4 held

Double Class-Four Day Schedule

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