DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD

DUS 2130

First Edition 2019-mm-dd

Reference number DUS 2130: 2019

© UNBS 2019

School bags — Specification

DUS 2130: 2019

ii © UNBS 2019 – All rights reserved

Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations

A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application

© UNBS 2019

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written permission from UNBS.

Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to

The Executive Director Uganda National Bureau of Standards P.O. Box 6329 Kampala Uganda Tel: +256 417 333 250/1/2 Fax: +256 414 286 123 E-mail: info@unbs.go.ug Web: www.unbs.go.ug

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Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv

1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................ 5

3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................... 6

4 Requirements ......................................................................................................................................... 7 4.1 Making up ............................................................................................................................................... 7 4.1.1 Dimensions of school bag .................................................................................................................... 7 4.1.2 Seams and Stitches ............................................................................................................................... 8

5 Packaging ............................................................................................................................................. 12

6 Marking ................................................................................................................................................. 12

Annex A (normative) Determination of strap assembly strength ............................................................... 14 A.1 Top strap attachment strength .......................................................................................................... 14 A.2 Bottom strap attachment strength ................................................................................................... 14 A.3 Joint strength of strap assembly ...................................................................................................... 15

Annex B (normative) Determination of dimensions .................................................................................... 17 B.1 Determine the bag dimensions .......................................................................................................... 17 B.2 Bag dimensions .................................................................................................................................. 17 B.3 Face pocket ......................................................................................................................................... 17 B.4 Top handle ........................................................................................................................................... 17 B.5 Straps, webbings and buckles .......................................................................................................... 18

Annex C (normative) Determination of stitches per cm .............................................................................. 22

Annex D (informative) Preferred Buckles ..................................................................................................... 23

Annex E (normative) Drop test ....................................................................................................................... 24 E.1 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................. 24

Annex F (informative) Recommended use of back pack type school bags .............................................. 25 F.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 25 F.2 Health and safety precaution ............................................................................................................ 25 F.3 Recommendations for use ................................................................................................................ 25

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Foreword

Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda, as amended. UNBS is mandated to co-ordinate the elaboration of standards and is

(a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and

(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and

(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT Agreement of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).

The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of key stakeholders including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties.

Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.

The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee UNBS/TC 7, Textile, Leather, Paper and Related

Products, Subcommittee SC 1, Textile and Related products

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School bags — Specification

1 Scope

This draft Uganda Standard specifies materials, making up, marking and labelling requirements for school bags of back pack type.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 105 B04, Textiles — Colour fastness Part B04: Determination of colour fastness to weathering: Xenon arc fading lamp test

ISO 105 E01, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness Part E01: Colour fastness to water

ISO 811, Textile fabrics — Determination of resistance to water penetration

ISO 1833-11, Textiles — Quantitative chemical analysis Part 11. Mixtures of cellulose and Polyester fibres (method using sulphuric acid)

ISO 2076: Textiles — Man-made fibres — Generic names

ISO 3759, Textiles — Preparation, marking and measuring of fabric specimens and garments in tests for determination of dimensional change

ISO 6940, Textile fabrics — Burning behaviour — Determination of ease of ignition

US ISO 13934-1, Textiles — Tensile properties of fabrics Part 1: Determination of maximum force and

elongation at maximum force using the strip method

ISO 13936-1, Textiles — Determination of the slippage resistance of yarns at a seam in woven fabrics — Part 1: Fixed seam opening method

ISO 13936-2, Textiles — Determination of the slippage resistance of yarns at a seam in woven fabrics — Part 2: Fixed load method

ISO 13937-1, Textiles — Tear properties of fabrics — Part 1: Determination of tear force using ballistic pendulum method (Elmendorf)

ISO 14389, Textiles — Determination of the phthalate content — Tetrahydrofuran method

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ISO 16373-2, Textiles — Dyestuffs — Part 2: General method for the determination of extractable dyestuffs including allergenic and carcinogenic dyestuffs (method using pyridine-water)

ISO 16373-3, Textiles — Dyestuffs — Part 3: Method for determination of certain carcinogenic dyestuffs (method using triethylamine/methanol)

US 591, Textile fabrics — Abrasion resistance of textile fabrics (Martindale test)

US 948-1., Textiles — Sewing threads — Part 1: Sewing thread made wholly or partly from synthetic fibres — Specification

US EAS 223, Zippers — Specification of vertically oriented specimens

US ISO 105 B02, Textiles — Colour fastness, Part B02: Determination of colour fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc fading lamp test

US ISO 105 C10, Textiles — Colour fastness Part C10 Colour fastness to washing with soap or soap with

soda

US ISO 105 E04, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness Part E04: Colour fastness to perspiration

US ISO 105 X12, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness Part X12:Colour fastness to rubbing

US ISO 3758, Textiles — Care labeling using symbols

US ISO 3801, Textiles — Woven fabrics — Determination of mass per unit length and mass per unit area

US ISO 5077, Textiles — Determination of dimensional change in washing and drying

US ISO 6330, Textiles — Domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing

US ISO 6941, Textile fabrics — Burning behavior — Measurement of spread properties of vertically oriented specimens

US ISO 13935-1, Seam Tensile properties, Part 1: Strip test

ISO/TR 11827, Textiles — Composition testing — Identification of fibres

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1 School bag any textile package used for carrying learning materials and related items

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3.2 School an institution providing education for young people up to the age of about 18 years. These are nursery schools, primary schools and secondary schools.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp

4 Requirements

4.1 Making up

4.1.1 Dimensions of school bag

The overall dimensions of the school bag and its components are given in Table 1

Table 1 — Dimensions of school bag in cm

Type Parameter Requirement Test Method

minimum maximum

Back pack school

bag (See Annex B) Overall Dimensions,

in cm

Back to Front 9 15 Annex B

Bottom Width 23 36

Top Width 18 34

Height 28 55

Piping 0.35 0.48

Face Pocket Top Width 13

18

26

32 Bottom Width

Height 15 44

Piping 0.35 0.48

Top Handle Length 15.5 18

Height 3 5

Top Strap Length 30 41

Width 3 7

Bottom Strap

(Webbing)

Length 30 46

Width 2 4

Buckle Width 2 4

Length 3 5

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4.1.2 Seams and Stitches

4.1.2.1 The school bag shall have a face, back and middle panels shaped symmetrically.

4.1.2.2 The panels constituting the school bag shall be joined with stitched seams.

4.1.2.3 The bag may have a pocket stitched on the face panel.

4.1.2.4 The stitched seams shall bear a piping as specified in Table 1.

4.1.2.5 The stitches per centimetre shall be as specified in Table 3 and be tested in accordance with Annex C.

4.1.3 Straps and top handle

The top straps where provided shall be stitched with a lining fabric enclosing a polyolefin or polyurethane expanded material and comply with the requirements given in Table 2

Table 2 — Requirements for padding material

Sr No Fibre type Density in kg/m3,

min.

Thickness in mm,

min.

Test Method

i) Expanded polyolefin 19 5 Annex A

ii) Polyurethane foam 19 5

4.1.4 Zippers

The openings of the bag and pocket shall have zippers complying with the requirements of US EAS 223 and Table 3 in terms of grade and tensile strength characteristics and attached to the middle panel of the bag with a double stitch

4.1.5 Piping

The stitched seams shall be reinforced with piping made out of material similar to that of the panels of the bag, with a core material strong enough to serve the intended purpose. The piping expressed as diameter and measured with a Vernier calliper shall comply with the requirements of Table 1. (See Annex B).

4.1.6 Lining

The faces of the bag panels shall be lined with a lining fabric of a hue close to that of the panels of the bag.

4.1.7 Padding

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The bag shall have a padding stitched at the back panel and comply with the requirements given in Table 2 above

4.2 Materials and accessories

4.2.1 Fabric

The fabric constituting the panels of the bag shall be of polyester fibre specified in ISO 2076. Fabric fibre content shall be tested in accordance with ISO 1833 Part 11 and ISO/TR 11827.

4.2.2 Straps and top handle

4.2.2.1 The back panel of the bag shall have two top and bottom straps double stitched with sewing thread.

4.2.2.2 The top straps shall be constructed from the fabric of the bag and lined with a fabric

4.2.2.3 The top straps shall encompass a strip of foam or expanded polyolefin material.

4.2.2.4 The foam and expanded polyolefin materials shall comply with the requirements of Table 2

4.2.2.5 The bottom straps shall be webbing material made out of synthetic fibres

4.2.2.6 The straps assembly shall have a buckle complying with the requirements of 4.2.5,as a fastening provision when mounted at the back of the user.

4.2.2.7 A top handle shall be fixed on the middle panel and comply with the requirements of Tables 1 and 3

4.2.3 Sewing thread

The sewing threads used for making up the seams of the school bag shall be of synthetic fibre, preferably polyester and comply with US 948-1.

4.2.4 Zippers

The openings of the bag and pockets shall incorporate zippers complying with US EAS 223 and requirements in Table 3.

4.2.5 Buckles

The dimensions of the buckles shall comply with the requirements of Table 1. (See also Annex D).

4.3 Physical requirements

4.3.1 The bag shall comply with the following physical characteristics:

a) mass in grams per metre square;

b) tensile strength;

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c) tear strength;

d) drop test;

e) seam strength;

f) strap pulling strength;

g) zippers;

h) water resistance;

i) hydrostatic head test;

j) stitches per cm;

k) strap assembly joint strength;

l) zippers;

m) top handle pulling strength; and

n) abrasion resistance.

4.3.2 Specification levels of the physical requirements are given in Table 3

Table 3 — Physical requirements

Sr No Parameter Requirement Test Method

i. Tensile strength in N, min Warp 445 US ISO 13934-1

Weft 287

ii. Tear resistance in N, min Warp 63 ISO 13937-1

Weft 52

iii. Seam strength in N, min

235

ISO 13936-1

iv.

Strap pulling strength in N, min.

Top 425 Annex A

Bottom 330

v. Water resistance, cm head of water, min. 150 ISO 811

vi. Abrasion resistance, number of rubs, min. 1250 US 591

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vii. Strap joint strength in N, min. 365 Annex A

viii. Seam slippage, at 3 mm

opening, load in N, min.

Warp 100 ISO 13936-2

Weft 100

ix. Stitches per cm 2-3 Annex C

x. Mass in g/m2, min. 330

US ISO 3801

xi. Drop test based on 3-10 kg load, at 1 metre

height

Pass Annex E

xii. Top handle attachment strength, in N, min, 305

xiii.

Physical requirements of zippers, in N, min.

Puller

attachment 200 US EAS 223

Closed end test 80 US EAS 223

Top stop test

90

US EAS 223

Open end

fastener box test

90 US EAS 223

Lateral strength

test

250 US EAS 223

Lateral strength

of open end 90 US EAS 223

Slider locking

test 25 US EAS 223

4.4 Colourfastness requirements

The school bag shall comply with the following colour fastness requirements.

4.4.1 Colour fastness to weathering

4.4.2 Colour fastness to light

4.4.3 Colour fastness to water

4.4.4 Colour fastness to perspiration

4.4.5 Colour fastness to washing

4.4.6 Colour fastness to rubbing

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Table 4 — Colour fastness requirements

Sr No Agency Rating, min. Test Method

1 Light 5 US ISO 105 B02

2 Weathering 5 ISO 105 B04

3

Perspiration

Acid Colour Change 4

US ISO 105 E04 Staining 4

Alkali Colour change 4

Staining 4

4 Washing Colour change 4 US ISO 105 C10

Staining 4

5 Water Colour change 4 ISO 105 E01

Staining 4

6 Rubbing Wet 4 US ISO 105 X12

Dry 3-4

4.5 Dimensional change

Dimensional change after five washings of the fabrics constituting the bags shall be a maximum of 3 % when tested in accordance with ISO 3759, US ISO 6330 and US ISO 5077

4.6 Flammability

The fabrics making up the bags shall meet the flammability requirements in terms of ease of ignition and flame spread time when tested in accordance with ISO 6940 and US ISO 6941.

4.7 Restricted colorants

Where colorants have been applied on the bags, the dyed fabric shall not contain dyestuffs specified in ISO 16373-2 and ISO 16373-3 and pthalates detected and quantified in accordance with ISO 14389 shall not be more than 0.1 % by mass

5 Packaging

The unit and bulk packages of school bags shall be packed in such a manner as to prevent soiling and damage

6 Marking

6.1 Unit packages

The following information shall be marked legibly and indelibly on a label affixed on each bag

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a) manufacturer's name or registered trade mark;

b) fibre type and content;

c) care instructions in accordance with US ISO 3758; and

d) Country of manufacture.

6.2 Bulk packages

a) the information given in 6.1; and

b) number of school bags

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Annex A (normative)

Determination of strap assembly strength

A.1 Top strap attachment strength

A.1.1 Extract and Mount a specimen, with the strap fixed at the top jaw and the bag fabric part fixed at the bottom jaw ensuring that the top strap attachment seam is clear from the bottom jaw line and the specimen length is at least 30 cm to comply with a gauge length of 20 cm.

A.1.2 Determine the top strap attachment strength as the seam tensile strength of the specimen in accordance with US ISO 13935-1

A.2 Bottom strap attachment strength

A.2.1 Extract and mount a specimen, with the bottom strap (webbing) fixed at the top jaw and the bag fabric part fixed at the bottom jaw of a tensile testing machine

A.2.2 Ensure that the bottom strap (webbing) attachment seam is clear from the bottom jaw line and the length of the specimen is at least 30 cm to comply with a gauge length of 20cm.

A.2.3 Determine the bottom strap (webbing) attachment strength as the seam tensile strength of the specimen in accordance with US ISO 13935-1

For top strap and bottom strap (webbing) attachment strength test, see Figure A.1

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Figure A.1 — Top strap and bottom strap (webbing) attachment strength test

A.3 Joint strength of strap assembly

A 3.1 Fasten the top strap and bottom strap (webbing) by means of the buckle provided with the bag strap assembly.

A.3.2 Ensure that the length of the joint assembly is at least 30 cm and extract the test specimen by cutting from both ends of the strap assembly to facilitate the tensile test

A.3.3 Determine the joint strength of the strap assembly as the tensile strength tested in accordance with US ISO 13935-1

For top strap, bottom strap (webbing) and buckle assembly, see figure A.2

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Figure A.2 — Strap assembly joint strength test

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Annex B (normative)

Determination of dimensions

B.1 Determine the bag dimensions

Determine the bag dimensions shall be as specified in B.2, B.3.and B.4 by use of a steel rule .Ensure that the area to be measured is free from creases and folds

For details See Figures B.1 to B.3.

B.2 Bag dimensions

B.2.1 Height

B.2.2 Top width

B.2.3 Bottom width

B.2.4 Back to Front

B.2.5 Piping

B.3 Face pocket

B.3.1 Height

B.3.2 Top width

B.3.3 Bottom width

B.4 Top handle

B.4.1 Height

B.4.2 Span

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B.5 Straps, webbings and buckles

B.5.1 Width

B.5.2 Height

Top handle 2mm

thick

A1 Piping

Face pocket

Piping

B1

FRONT VIEW

Figure B.1 Front view of back pack type of bag

A

B

H

H 1

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Figure B.2 Rear view of back pack type of school bag

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Key to figuresC.1 and C.2

A A1 B B1 H H1

Bag

width

Top Face Pocket

top width

Bag

width

Top Face Pocket

Bottom width

Bag Height Face

Height

Pocket

Top handle

2mm thick

Piping

Piping

Strap

Buckle

Webbing

Pocket zip

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SIDE VIEW

Figure B.3 — Side view of back pack type of bag

xxii © UNBS 2019 – All rights reserved

Annex C (normative)

Determination of stitches per cm

Count the number of stitches along a seam length of known distance in centimetres and determine the number of stitches per centimetre

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Annex D (informative)

Preferred Buckles

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Annex E (normative)

Drop test

E.1 Procedure

A back pack type bag of specified dimensions (see Table E.1) is loaded with relevant learning materials of mass (3-10 kg) collated with the size of bag. The loaded bag is dropped from the edge of a bench, one metre high, to a flat floor. The drop test is repeated 10 times. After the test, the tested bag is examined; the stitches and seams shall not open and the straps, webbings and buckles shall not give way or come off the stitched tacks

Table E.1 — Preferred bag dimensions related to carrying capacity

Category of size

Preferred Dimensions of bag in cm Preferred capacity in

kg Height Top Width Bottom Width Back to Front

1 28 18 23 8 0-2

2 28-31 18-20 23-25 8-9 2-3

3 31-37 20-24 25-28 9-11 3-5

4 37-44 24-28 28-32 11-13 5-7

5 44-55 28-34 32-36 13-15 7-10

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Annex F (informative)

Recommended use of back pack type school bags

F.1 Introduction

Students in primary, secondary and tertiary schools commonly use back pack type bags to carry their books and other learning materials. The back pack type bag is a noted manual carriage that provides versatility and is appropriate way to load the spine closely and symmetrically, while maintaining stability.

F.2 Health and safety precaution

Studies have shown that heavily loaded bags of more than 10 % of the learners’ body mass can cause musculoskeletal problems that can also lead respiratory difficulties. It is therefore necessary to select the right size of back pack type bag whose maximum load capacity will not exceed 10 per cent of your body mass (see Table E1).

F.3 Recommendations for use

F.3.1 Establish the average body mass of the intended user of the back pack type school bag by use of a weighing scale.

F.3.2 Do not load the back pack type bag above the maximum weight for your category specified in Table E1 during the intended use.

F.3.3 Ensure that both straps of the back pack are fastened to the webbings over shoulders and the bag in the right place during movement.

F.3.4 Avoid any form of exercise while the back pack type bag is fastened to your body

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Certification marking

Products that conform to Uganda standards may be marked with Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) Certification Mark shown in the figure below.

The use of the UNBS Certification Mark is governed by the Standards Act, and the Regulations made thereunder. This mark can be used only by those licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and in conjunction with the relevant Uganda Standard. The presence of this mark on a product or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods comply with the requirements of that standard under a system of supervision, control and testing in accordance with the certification mark scheme of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards. UNBS marked products are continually checked by UNBS for conformity to that standard.

Further particulars of the terms and conditions of licensing may be obtained from the Director, Uganda National Bureau of Standards.

DUS 2130: 2019

ICS 55.080

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