SC says Appointment of law officers should not be a political exercise.pdf

8/18/2019 SC says Appointment of law officers should not be a political exercise.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sc-says-appointment-of-law-officers-should-not-be-a-political-exercisepdf 1/57

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REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3194 OF 2016(Arisi! "#$ "% SLP(C& N".'4162016 ) CC N".*4+0 "% 2014&

S$,$- "% P#,/ Ar. A-,$s

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ri-s5,r Si!5 C5,5, Ar. R-s"7-$s

8ITH

T.P. (C& NO.10+3 OF 201*

P,r7-- #:,r R,ri, A-,$

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S$,$- "% H,r;,, ,7 Ors. R-s"7-$s

J U D G M E N T

T.S. THAKUR, CJI.

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6

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%""i! >#-s$i"s %, %"r "#r 7-$-r:i,$i" :

(1) Weter te !tates of Pun"ab and #ar$ana a%e

made an$ realisti& assessment of teir re'uirement

before main a**ointments of +a -ffi&ers.

(2) Weter te !tates of Pun"ab and #ar$ana a%e

formulated an$ s&eme, *oli&$, norms or standards for

a**ointin +a -ffi&ers.

(3) Weter a**ointment of +a -ffi&ers b$ te !tate

o%ernments need to be made on a fair, reasonable,

non/dis&riminator$ and ob"e&ti%e basis and

() f anser to 'uestion Nos.1, 2 and 3 are found inte neati%e, at is te a$ forard

Re: Question No.1

'. A r-,is$i= ,ss-ss:-$ "% $5- r->#ir-:-$ is $5- %irs$

,7 %"r-:"s$ s$- $5,$ "- "#7 --=$ $5- S$,$- $" $,-

%"r ,; r#7-$ --r=is- "% $5- "-r "% ,"i$:-$ "% ,

7

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=5-= -ri"7 r-s#$i! i ,;:-$ "% i7- s,,r; i =r"r-s.

8

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T5- CA? 5,s 5i- %i7i! %,#$ i$5 $5- -$ir- r"=-ss

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r-"r$ "% $5- CA? :,-s i$-r-s$i! r-,7i! ,7 :,; /-

-$r,=$-7 ,$ $5is s$,!- G

44.2.2 Faulty selection of Law Officers

Enae!ent of Law Officers wit"out assessinwor#loa$ an$ wit"out in%itin a&&lications

resulte$ in &ay!ent of i$le waes of ' 2.22crore.

n order to deal it leal &ases on bealf of #ar$anao%ernment in %arious Courts of +a, Tribunals andCommissions, te dditional Cief !e&retar$ to #ar$anao%ernment, dministration of 6usti&e e*artmentenaes +a -ffi&ers in %arious &a*a&ities on &ontra&tbasis as *er terms and &onditions *res&ribed b$ te!tate o%ernment.

Wit a %ie to %erif$ te or assined to tese laoffi&ers and or a&tuall$ *erformed b$ tem, te&om*lete re&ords relatin to dail$ dut$ rosters, %ettinreisters and &ause lists of Courts for si8 montsbeteen e&ember 2009 and 6anuar$ 2012 maintainedin te offi&e of te d%o&ate eneral, #ar$ana sele&tedrandoml$ as test &e&ed (a$ 2012) and folloinirreularities ere noti&ed:

Tere as no *res&ribed *ro&edure for assessment of

or for enaement of +a -ffi&ers on &ontra&t. Tenumber of +a -ffi&ers on roll to *lead leal &ases in

9

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%arious &ourts at Candiar in&reased from 9; ine&ember 2009 to 179 in 6anuar$ 2012 altou tenumber of &ourts ere te$ ere to defend te &asesremained te same durin te abo%e *eriod.

Te +a -ffi&ers ere enaed itout i%in an$

ad%ertisement or ide *ubli&it$.

n te test/&e&ed monts, on an a%erae, more tan

50 *er &ent +a -ffi&ers remained itout or. sdetailed in Ta(le 2 , on an a%erae te *er&entae ofidle +a -ffi&ers it total a%ailable strent ad arisenfrom 5 in e&ember 2009 to 7; in 6anuar$ 2012. Tereas no monitorin of or assined to tese +a-ffi&ers b$ te e*artment.

Ta(le 2: )etail of Law Officers *LOs+ wit"out wor# an$ &ay!ent of i$le salary

Number of

+-s on rolls

Worin da$s

a%ailable in te

mont (e8&ludin

Court olida$s

and %a&ations)

%erae number of

+os itout an$ or

on *arti&ular da$s of

te mont

Per&entae of

+-s o

remained

itout an$

or

Number

of +os

or for

&om*let

e mont

dle salar$

*aid to +-s

itout or

for olesale

mont (in )

e&ember 2009 ,- 11 4 2/ 1/00-2

uust 2010 1 21 / 1 2 1,04/0,-

No%ember 2010 11 1- 1// 33 42 /0--04

ar& 2011 1 22 , 3 - 4202104

No%ember 2011 13, 21 12 3 4,010-3-

6anuar$ 2012 1, 2/ 14/ - - 3,04-0-3

Total $le salary &ai$ to Law Officers wit"out assinin any wor#

n te test/&e&ed monts, te number of +a -ffi&ers

ranin beteen 20 and ;7 ad not been allotted an$or for ole of te mont resultin in idle salar$ *a$ment of 2.22 &rore to tese +a -ffi&ers for si8monts as detailed abo%e.

n 6anuar$ 2012, out of 179 +a -ffi&ers on te roll onan a%erae, 10 +a -ffi&ers ad not been allotted an$or and ;7 +a -ffi&ers ere itout or for oleof te mont. #oe%er, later on te e*artmentdis&ontinued te ser%i&es of 2< +a -ffi&ers in 6une

2012. Tis sos tat +a -ffi&ers ere enaeditout assessin te re'uirement on te basis of or

10

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-,7 $" si:i,r "r -<- :"r- s$,r$i! r-s#$s. T5- #s5"$ "%

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/-=":- =;i=, ,/"#$ "#r =,,=i$; $" ="rr-=$ 5,$ --7s $"

/- ="rr-=$-7.

10. #-s$i" N".1 is ,=="r7i!; ,s-r-7 i $5- -!,$i<-.

Re: Question No.2

11. T5- >#-s$i" 5-$5-r $5- S$,$-s "% P#,/ ,7

H,r;,, %"" ,; r"=-7#r- %"r s--=$i! r,=$isi!

,7<"=,$-s %"r ,"i$:-$ ,s , "%%i=-rs 5,<- $r"#/-7 #s

12

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$5r"#!5"#$ $5- 5-,ri!. 8- 5,7@ $5-r-%"r-@ s"i=i$-7

i%"r:,$i" %r": $5- S$,$- "% P#,/ " =-r$,i s-=i%i=

>#-s$i"s $5,$ - %"r:#,$-7 i $-r:s "% "#r "r7-r 7,$-7

11$5 Ari@ 2014 ,7 ,s-7 $5- S$,$- $" %i- , ,%%i7,<i$

i7i=,$i! $5- %""i!G

1+Wat is te *ro&edure folloed b$ te !tate

o%ernment for sele&tin *ra&tisin d%o&ates for

a**ointment as +a -ffi&ers for te !tate of

Pun"ab

2+s tere an$ sele&tion or !ear& Committee

&onstituted for te *ur*ose of main su&

sele&tions f so, at is te &om*osition of te

Committee

+f a !ele&tion=!ear& Committee as been

&onstituted, te *ro&eedins of te Committee

reardin an$ a**ointment of +a -ffi&ers from

time to time be filed alon it te affida%it.

4+oes te o%ernment &onsult te #i Court

before finali?in te list of a**ointments f te

#i Court is not &onsulted, at is oter metod

b$ i& te o%ernment ensures tat tose

*i&ed u* are te best at te @ar

+Total number of +a -ffi&ers a**ointed and

&urrentl$ orin and te terms on i& te

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a**ointments are made sall also be filed alon

it te affida%it.

12. 8- 5,7@ /; , s#/s->#-$ "r7-r 7,$-7 2

7

S-$-:/-r@

201* ,ss-7 i Tr,s%-rr-7 P-$i$i" N".10+3 "% 201*@ ,s-7

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,/"<- >#-ri-s. "$5 $5- S$,$-s 5,<- i =":i,=- i$5 $5-

s,i7 "r7-rs %i-7 $5-ir r-s-=$i<- ,%%i7,<i$s. I $5- ,%%i7,<i$

%i-7 " /-5,% "% $5- S$,$- "% P#,/ i$ is@ inter alia@ s$,$-7

$5,$ $5-r- is " 7-%ii$- r"=-7#r- s$,$#$"r; "r "$5-ris-

!"<-ri! $5- s--=$i" ,7 ,"i$:-$ "% ,7<"=,$-s

r,=$isi! ,s , "%%i=-rs i $5- S$,$- "% P#,/.

C"<-$i",;@ $5-s- "%%i=-rs ,r- -!,!-7 " ="$r,=$#,

/,sis " $5- r-="::-7,$i"s "% $5- A7<"=,$- ?--r, "r i

="s#$,$i" i$5 5i:. A$ $i:-s@ -<- $5- ?"<-r:-$

-!,!-s , "%%i=-rs ,%$-r :,i! 7is=r--$ ->#iri-s ,/"#$

$5-ir s#i$,/ii$; %"r s#=5 -!,!-:-$s. A siK-,/- #:/-r "%

, "%%i=-rs s" -!,!-7 ,r- 7-si!,$-7 ,s P#/i= Pr"s-=#$"rs

i ="s#$,$i" i$5 $5- Hi!5 C"#r$ "% P#,/ ,7 H,r;,,.

T5- ,%%i7,<i$ s-$s "#$ i ,r,!r,5 4 ,s-rs $" $5-

>#-s$i"s " 5i=5 $5- S$,$- ,s r->#ir-7 $" r-s"7. F"r

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$5- s,- "% ="<-i-=- - :,; -$r,=$ <-r/,$i: $5-

>#-s$i"s ,7 $5- r-i-s $" $5- s,:-G

5 1+ 6"at is t"e &roce$ure followe$ (y t"e 7tate8o%ern!ent for selectin &racticin A$%ocates for a&&oint!ent as Law Officersfor t"e 7tate of Pun9a(.

As s$,$-7 5-r-i,/"<-@ $5- -!,!-:-$ "% ,"%%i=-rs $" 7-%-7 $5- S$,$- ?"<-r:-$ i =,s-s,ssi!-7 $" $5-: =,"$ /- r-!#,$-7 /; S$,$#$-"r "i=;. L, "%%i=-rs ,r- -!,!-7 " $5-r-="::-7,$i" "% $5- A7<"=,$- ?--r, "% $5-

S$,$-@ /,s-7@ i$-r ,i,@ " $5- ,ss-ss:-$ "%i7i<i7#,s /; $5- A7<"=,$- ?--r, ,s - ,s "r-="::-7,$i"s :,7- /; ="-,!#-s@ --rs ,7"$5-rs. I s":- =,s-s@ $5- S$,$- ?"<-r:-$-!,!-s , "%%i=-rs ,%$-r :,i! 7is=r--$i>#iri-s ,s $" $5- s#i$,/ii$; "% $5- i7i<i7#, ,s ,, "%%i=-r.

2+ s t"ere any selection or searc" o!!itteeconstitute$ for t"e &ur&ose of !a#in suc"

selections. f so0 w"at is t"e co!&osition oft"e o!!ittee.

T5-r- is " s--=$i" "r s-,r=5 ="::i$$--="s$i$#$-7 %"r :,i! s#=5 s--=$i"s.

+ f a 7election;7earc" o!!ittee "as (eenconstitute$0 t"e &rocee$ins of t"eo!!ittee rear$in any a&&oint!ent ofLaw Officers fro! ti!e to ti!e (e file$ alonwit" t"e affi$a%it.

N"$ ,i=,/-@ i <i- "% r-s"s- $" i$-: 2,/"<-.

4+ )oes t"e 8o%ern!ent consult t"e <i" ourt(efore finali=in t"e list of a&&oint!ents. ft"e <i" ourt is not consulte$0 w"at is ot"er!et"o$ (y w"ic" t"e 8o%ern!ent ensurest"at t"ose &ic#e$ u& are t"e (est at t"e Bar.

I$ is s#/:i$$-7 $5,$ $5- ?"<-r:-$ 7"-s "$

="s#$ $5- H"/- Hi!5 C"#r$ /-%"r- %i,iKi!$5- is$ "% ,"i$:-$s@ -=-$ i $5- =,s- "%

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$5- /,r is , s#/-=$i<- ="=-$. I ,; -<-$@ ,sis ="::"; "@ :"s$ s#==-ss%# ,;-rs ,r-#ii! $" $,-# $5- r-s"si/ii$i-s "% 5"7i!s#=5 , "si$i" ,7 :,- s,=ri%i=-s si=- i$i:i!-s "% $5-ir ri<,$- r,=$i=-.

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/,sis@ ,r- ;-$ $" /- %i,iK-7 /; $5-?"<-r:-$ ,s is =-,r %r": $5-ir s,:-

16

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s5"#7 /- $r-,$-7 ,s r-!#,r -:";--s "% $5-?"<-r:-$ :-r-; /-=,#s- $5-; ,r- ,i7 , %i-7%-- "r " , :"$5; /,sis =,=#,$-7 i$5 r-%-r-=-$" , ,; s=,-.

13. T5- S$,$- "% H,r;,, 5,s ,s" %i-7 , ,%%i7,<i$ i

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C"#r$ ="s#$-7 /-%"r- $5- ,:-s ,r- %i,is-7.

14. Fr": $5- $" ,%%i7,<i$s %i-7 /; $5- S$,$-s i$ is :,i%-s$

$5,$ " r"=-7#r- %"r s--=$i! r,=$isi! ,7<"=,$-s %"r

17

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,"i$:-$ ,s , "%%i=-rs 5,s /-- r-s=ri/-7 i $5-

S$,$-s "% P#,/ ,7 H,r;,,. N" S--=$i" "r S-,r=5

C"::i$$-- is ="s$i$#$-7 "r is -<- -<is,!-7. I$ is ,s"

=-,r $5,$ $5- $" ?"<-r:-$s 7" "$ ="s#$ $5- Hi!5

C"#r$ /-%"r- %i,iKi! $5- is$ "% ,"i$--s. T5- ,%%i7,<i$s

7" "$ ,$ $5- s,:- $i:- i7i=,$- ,s $" 5" i $5- ,/s-=- "%

,; S--=$i" "r S-,r=5 C"::i$$-- $5- S$,$- ?"<-r:-$

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,<,i,/- ,7 ii! $" ,==-$ $5- ,ssi!:-$ ,s S$,$-

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?--r, "% $5- $" S$,$-s. T5- ,%%i7,<i$s 7" "$ s$,$-

5-$5-r $5- A7<"=,$- ?--r,@ 5,s@ i $#r@ ="s$i$#$-7 ,

C"::i$$-- "r %""-7 ,; r"=-7#r- "r r-s=ri/-7 "r

%"r:#,$-7 ,; "r:s %"r ,ss-ssi! $5- :-ri$ "% $5"s-

ii! $" "r ,s S$,$- ="#s-. T5- ,%%i7,<i$s 7" "$ -<-

s,; i% ,; ,i=,$i"s ,r- i<i$-7 %"r ,"i$:-$ ,s S$,$-

="#s-. A $"7@ $5- ,"i$:-$s ,r- /,s-7 -$ir-; "

5" $5- A7<"=,$- ?--r, ,7<is-s $5- S$,$- ?"<-r:-$ "

$5- s#/-=$ i$5"#$ $5- A7<"=,$- ?--r, i $#r ="7#=$i!

, s--=$i" r"=-ss@ ,ss-ssi! inter se :-ri$ " , "/-=$i<-

18

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/,sis "r :,i$,ii! ,; r-="r7 "% ,; s#=5 r"=-ss 5,<i!

/-- #7-r$,-. T5- ,%%i7,<i$s ,s" 7" "$ r#- "#$ $5-

"ssi/ii$; "% $5- ?"<-r:-$s $5-:s-<-s ,"i$i!

-rs"s "<-r ,7 ,/"<- $5"s- r-="::-7-7 /; $5-

A7<"=,$- ?--r, " $5- /,sis "% 5,$ $5- A%%i7,<i$ "% $5-

S$,$- "% P#,/ 7-s=ri/-s ,s 4dis&reet en'uiries>. T5-

,%%i7,<i$s s#!!-s$ $5,$ $5- r"=-ss 5,s /-- !"i! " %"r

,s$ :,; ;-,rs. T5- S$,$-s ,s" =,i: $5,$ $5- -!,!-:-$

"% S$,$- ="#s- is , r"%-ssi", -!,!-:-$ :-,i!

$5-r-/; $5,$ $5- S$,$-s 5,<- " "/i!,$i" -i$5-r $"

r-s=ri/- , r"=-7#r- "r %"" ,; 7-%ii$- :-$5"7 5i-

:,i! s#=5 ,"i$:-$s. S$,$- "% P#,/ 5,s ,ss-r$-7

$5,$ $5- r"=-ss "% s--=$i" ,7 ,"i$:-$ =,"$ /-

r-!#,$-7 -i$5-r /; "i=; "r /; ,; s$,$#$-.

1*. 8- 5,<- "$ /-- ,/- $" -rs#,7- "#rs-<-s $" ,==-$

$5- <i- $5,$ -<- 5- $5- ,"i$:-$s ,r- :,7- $"

"%%i=-s 5-,<i; r-:#-r,$-7 %r": $5- #/i= -=5->#-r $5-

s,:- =, "r "#!5$ $" r-:,i #r-!#,$-7. T5,$ is

,r$i=#,r; s" 5- $5"s- ,"i$-7 ,r- --=$-7 /; $5-

<-r; ,$#r- "% $5-ir ,"i$:-$ $" 7is=5,r!- i:"r$,$

19

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#/i= %#=$i" ,%%-=$i! "$ "; S$,$- i$-r-s$ /#$ $5-

>#,i$; "% #s$i=- 5i=5 $5- ="#r$s ,7:iis$-r. T5-r- is i $5-

=,s- "% P#,/ ,7 H,r;,, "$ -<- , s-:/,=- "% ,;

s--=$i" r"=-ss i $5- :,$$-r "% ,"i$:-$ "% $5"s-

=5"s- %"r $5- "/ -,<- ,"- , r"=-ss $5,$ is =r-7i/- i

$-r:s "% i$s %,ir-ss ,7 "/-=$i<i$;. T5- r,=$i=- "% :,i!

,"i$:-$s i 7isr-!,r7 "% 5,$ is --=$-7 "% ,

%#=$i",r; s-si$i<- $" $5- 7-:,7s "% %,ir-ss ,7 ->#,i$;

"% ""r$#i$; -<- 5- i <"!#- %"r "!@ r#s ="$r,r; $"

$5- $r#- -!, "si$i" s-$$-7 /; , "! i- "% 7-=isi"s $"

5i=5 - s5, r-s-$; r-%-r. T5- 7":i,$ #r"s- 5i=5

"#!5$ $" -r:-,$- ,; r"=-ss "% s--=$i" ,7 ,"i$:-$

,:-; 4*rote&tion of *ubli& interest> i ="#r$s /; ,<,ii!

s-r<i=-s "% $5- :"s$ :-ri$"ri"#s is =-,r; 7-%-,$-7 /; $5-

:-$5"7 $5,$ $5- S$,$-s 5,<- /-- %""i! ,7 ="$i#- $"

%"". 85,$ is r-!r-$$,/- is $5,$ -<- ,%$-r $5-

r""#=-:-$s "% $5is C"#r$ 5,<- s-$$-7 $5- ri=i-s "

5i=5 #/i= ,#$5"ri$i-s ,r- r->#ir-7 $" ,=$ 5i- 7is=5,r!i!

$5-ir %#=$i"s@ $5- S$,$-s ="$i#- $" 5,r " $5- $5-"r;

$5,$ i $5- :,$$-r "% -!,!-:-$ "% S$,$- ="#s- $5-; ,r-

"$ ,=="#$,/- ,7 $5,$ $5- -!,!-:-$ is ";

20

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r"%-ssi", ,7"r ="$r,=$#, 5-=- #>#-s$i",/-. I$ is@

i "#r <i-@ $"" ,$- i $5- 7,; %"r ,; #/i= %#=$i",r; "r

?"<-r:-$ $" ,7<,=- s#=5 , ="$-$i" -,<- ,"-

--=$ $5is C"#r$ $" ,==-$ $5- s,:-. I% , ?"<-r:-$

="#s- 7is=5,r!-s , i:"r$,$ #/i= %#=$i" ,7 i% i$ is

$5- ri:,r; 7#$; "% $5"s- r#i! $5- ,%%,irs "% $5-

?"<-r:-$ $" ,=$ %,ir;@ "/-=$i<-; ,7 " , "

7is=ri:i,$"r; /,sis@ $5-r- is " "$i" %"r $5-: -=-$ $"

=5""s- $5- /-s$ ,$ $5- /,r "#$ "% $5"s- 5" ,r- ii! ,7

,$ $i:-s -- $" "r ,s S$,$- ="#s-. I$ is ,s" $5-ir 7#$;

$" -s#r- $5,$ $5- r"=-ss /; 5i=5 $5- /-s$ ,r- s--=$-7 is

$r,s,r-$ ,7 =r-7i/-. A/7i=,$i! $5,$ i:"r$,$ %#=$i"

i %,<"#r "% $5- A7<"=,$- ?--r, "% $5- S$,$- 5"@ i $#r@

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"r , :-=5,is: %"r ,ss-ss:-$ "% :-ri$ i /- s-%

7-%-,$i!. 8- r-!r-$ $" s,; $5,$ i $5- :,$$-r "%

,"i$:-$ "% S$,$- C"#s-@ $5- S$,$-s "% P#,/ ,7

H,r;,, 5,<- :#=5 $" 7" $" r-%"r: $5- r-<,-$ s;s$-:

5i=5 r-%"r: is i "#r "ii" "! "<-r7#-. #-s$i" N".2

is ,s" ,s-r-7 i $5- -!,$i<-.

21

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Re: Question No.

16. I$ is /; "@ %,ir; - s-$$-7 $5,$ "$ "; $5-

?"<-r:-$ /#$ , #/i= /"7i-s ,r- $r#s$--s "% $5- "-r

<-s$-7 i $5-: ,7 =#s$"7i,s "% #/i= i$-r-s$. Dis=5,r!-

"% $5,$ $r#s$ i $5- /-s$ "ssi/- :,-r is $5- ri:,r; 7#$;

"% $5"s- i =5,r!- "% $5- ,%%,irs "% $5- S$,$- "r #/i= /"7;.

T5is -=-ss,ri; i:i-s $5,$ $5- ,$#r- "% %#=$i"s ,7

7#$i-s i=#7i! $5- "-r $" -!,!-@ -:"; "r r-=r#i$

s-r<,$s@ ,!-$s@ ,7<is"rs ,7 r-r-s-$,$i<-s :#s$ /-

--r=is-7 i , %,ir@ r-,s",/-@ "7is=ri:i,$"r; ,7

"/-=$i<- :,-r. I$ is ,s" %,ir; - s-$$-7 $5,$ 7#$; $"

,=$ %,ir; ,7 r-,s",/; is , %,=-$ "% R#- "% L, i ,

="s$i$#$i", 7-:"=r,=; i- "#rs. A "! i- "% 7-=isi"s "%

$5is C"#r$ "<-r $5- ,s$ %i<- 7-=,7-s "r s" 5,<- r#-7 $5,$

,r/i$r,ri-ss 5,s " ,=- i , "i$; !"<-r-7 /; r#- "% ,

,7 $5,$ Ar$i=- 14 "% $5- C"s$i$#$i" "% I7i, s$ri-s ,$

,r/i$r,ri-ss i -<-r; S$,$- ,=$i". 8- :,; !,i%#; r-%-r

$" s":- "% $5-s- 7-=isi"s@ "$ s" :#=5 $" ,77 $" $5-ir

="$-$ ,s $" r-:i7 "#rs-<-s $5,$ - 5,<- =":- , "!

22

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,; i $5- :,$$-r "% s-$$i! $5- ="$"#rs "% $5- 7"=$ri- "%

R#- "% L, "% 5i=5 ->#,i$; is "- si!i%i=,$ %-,$#r-.

1+. I 7 8 >aisin"ani %. ?nion of n$ia AR 1,3 7

142 @ $5is C"#r$ 5-7 $5,$ ,/s-=- "% ,r/i$r,r; "-r is $5-

%irs$ -ss-$i, "% R#- "% L, #" 5i=5 r-s$s "#r

C"s$i$#$i", s;s$-:. T5is C"#r$ r#-7 $5,$ i , s;s$-:

!"<-r-7 /; r#- "% ,@ ,; 7is=r-$i" ="%-rr-7 #" $5-

--=#$i<- ,#$5"ri$i-s :#s$ /- ="%i-7 i$5i =-,r; 7-%i-7

i:i$s. T5is C"#r$ >#"$-7 i$5 ,r"<,@ $5- %""i!

"/s-r<,$i"s "% D"#!,s J. i Ui$-7 S$,$-s <s. 8#7-ri=

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4+a as rea&ed its finest moments en it as

freed man from te unlimited dis&retion of some

rulerA Were dis&retion is absolute, man as ala$s

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1'. A si:i,r s-$i:-$ ,s -r-ss-7 /; $5is C"#r$ i E P

Roya&&a %. 7tate of Ta!il Na$u an$ Anr. *1,4+ 4 7

5-r- $5is C"#r$ 7-=,r-7 $5,$ Ar$i=- 14 is $5- !-#s

5i- Ar$i=- 16 is , s-=i- ,7 $5- /,si= ri=i- 5i=5

i%"r:s /"$5 $5-s- Ar$i=-s is ->#,i$; ,7 i5i/i$i" ,!,is$

7is=ri:i,$i". E>#,i$;@ 7-=,r-7 $5is C"#r$@ ,s ,$i$5-$i=

23

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$" ,r/i$r,ri-ss. T5- C"#r$ 7-s=ri/-7 ->#,i$; ,7

,r/i$r,ri-ss ,s s"r --:i-s@ "- /-"!i! $" $5- r#- "%

, i , r-#/i= ,7 $5- "$5-r $" $5- 5i:s ,7 =,ri=- "%

, ,/s"#$- :",r=5. R-s#$,$; i% , ,=$ is %"#7 $" /-

,r/i$r,r;@ i$ is i:i=i$ $5,$ i$ is #->#, /"$5 ,=="r7i! $"

"i$i=, "!i= ,7 ="s$i$#$i", ,@ 5-=- <i",$i<- "%

Ar$i=- 14 ,7 i% i$ ,%%-=$s ,; :,$$-r "% #/i= -:";:-$ i$

is ,s" <i",$i<- "% Ar$i=- 16. T5is C"#r$ r-i$-r,$-7 $5,$

Ar$i=-s 14 ,7 16 s$ri- ,$ ,r/i$r,ri-ss i S$,$- ,=$i" ,7

-s#r- %,ir-ss ,7 i->#,i$; "% $r-,$:-$.

19. T5- =,:- $5- 7-=isi" "% $5is C"#r$ i @ane#a

8an$"i %. ?nion of n$ia *1,-+ 2 7R 3210 5-r- $5is

C"#r$ 5-7 $5,$ $5- ri=i- "% r-,s",/--ss /"$5 -!,;

,7 5i"s"5i=,; is , -ss-$i, --:-$ "% ->#,i$; ,7

$5,$ ",r/i$r,ri-ss -r<,7-s Ar$i=- 14 i$5 /r""7i!

":ir-s-=-. T5is i:i-s $5,$ 5-r-<-r $5-r- is

,r/i$r,ri-ss i S$,$- ,=$i" 5-$5-r@ i$ /- -!is,$i<- "r

--=#$i<- Ar$i=- 14 "#7 sri! i$" ,=$i" ,7 s$ri- $5-

s,:- 7". T5is C"#r$ 5-7@ $5,$ $5- ="=-$ "%

r-,s",/--ss ,7 ",r/i$r,ri-ss -r<,7-s $5-

24

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="s$i$#$i", s=5-:- ,7 is , !"7- $5r-,7@ 5i=5 r#s

$5r"#!5 $5- -$ir- C"s$i$#$i".

20. I Ra!ana 7"etty %. nternational Air&ort

Aut"ority 1,, AR *7+ 132- , $5is C"#r$ r-;i! #"

$5- r""#=-:-$s "% E.P. Roya&&a ,7 @ane#a 8an$"i

(s#r,& "=- ,!,i 7-=,r-7 $5,$ s$,$- ,=$i" :#s$ "$ /-

!#i7-7 /; -$r,-"#s "r irr--<,$ ="si7-r,$i"s /-=,#s-

$5,$ "#7 /- 7-i, "% ->#,i$;. T5is C"#r$ r-="!iK-7 $5,$

ri=i-s "% r-,s",/--ss ,7 r,$i",i$; ,r- -!,; ,s

- ,s 5i"s"5i=,; -ss-$i, --:-$s "% ->#,i$; ,7

",r/i$r,ri-ss ,s r"-=$-7 /; Ar$i=- 14@ 5-$5-r i$ /-

,#$5"ri$; "% , "r --r=is- "% --=#$i<- "-r i$5"#$ $5-

:,i! "% , ,. T5is C"#r$ 5-7 $5,$ S$,$- =,"$ ,=$

,r/i$r,ri; i $5- :,$$-r "% -$-ri! i$" r-,$i"s5is /- i$

="$r,=$#, "r "$5-ris- i$5 , $5ir7 ,r$; ,7 i$s ,=$i"

:#s$ ="%"r: $" s":- s$,7,r7 "r "r:@ 5i=5 is i i$s-%

r,$i", ,7 "7is=ri:i,$"r;.

21. I ).7. Na#ra %. ?nion of n$ia 1,- *1+ 7 / @

$5is C"#r$ r-<i--7 $5- -,ri-r r""#=-:-$s ,7 5i-

,%%ir:i! ,7 -,ii! $5- s,:- 5-7 $5,$ i$ :#s$ " /-

$,- $" /- s-$$-7 $5,$ 5,$ Ar$i=- 14 s$ri-s ,$ is

25

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,r/i$r,ri-ss ,7 $5,$ ,; ,=$i" $5,$ is ,r/i$r,r; :#s$

-=-ss,ri; i<"<- -!,$i" "% ->#,i$;.

22. I )war#a$as @arfatia %. Boar$ of Trustees of t"e

&ort of Bo!(ay 1,-, *+ 7 2,@ $5is C"#r$ 5,7 ,

"==,si" $" -,:i- 5-$5-r Ar$i=- 14 5,7 ,; ,i=,$i"

$" ="$r,=$#, :,$$-rs. T5is ="#r$ 7-=,r-7 $5,$ -<-r; ,=$i"

"% $5- s$,$- "r , is$r#:-$,i$; "% $5- S$,$- :#s$ /-

i%"r:-7 /; r-,s" ,7 ,=$i"s $5,$ ,r- "$ s" i%"r:-7 =,

/- >#-s$i"-7 #7-r Ar$i=-s 226 ,7 32 "% $5-

C"s$i$#$i".

23. S#/s->#-$ 7-=isi"s "% $5is C"#r$ i 7o! Ra9 Ors.

%. 7tate of <aryana Ors. *1,,/+ 2 7 30 Neeli!a

@isra %. <arin$er aur Paintal Ors. *1,,/+ 2 7

43 ,7 7"ar!a Trans&ort %. 8o%ern!ent of A.P

Ors. *2//2+ 2 7 1-- 5,<- si:; %""-7@ r-i$-r,$-7

,7 ,i-7 $5- ri=i-s s-$$-7 /; $5- r""#=-:-$s i

$5- -,ri-r :-$i"-7 =,s-s.

24. 8- 5,<- $5#s %,r r-%-rr-7 $" 7-=isi"s $5,$ ,r- "$

s#/-=$ s-=i%i= ,7 s-$$- $5- -!, "si$i" i $5- ="$-$ "%

<,ri-7 %,=$ si$#,$i"s. T5- =,s- ,$ 5,7 ,$$r,=$s $5-

26

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,i=,$i" "% $5- ri=i-s $5,$ ,r- ,#$5"ri$,$i<-; s-$$-7

/; $5- 7-=isi"s $" 5i=5 - 5,<- r-%-rr-7 ,/"<-.

Ai=,$i" "% $5"s- ri=i-s@ ,,r$ %r": $5- >#-s$i"@ is

5-$5-r ,"i$:-$ "% ,;-rs /; $5- S$,$- ?"<-r:-$

si:; si!i%i-s r"%-ssi", -!,!-:-$ "% $5"s- ,"i$-7

"r 5,s ,; #/i= --:-$ ,s" ,7 i% s#=5 ,"i$:-$s

5,<- , #/i= --:-$@ 5-$5-r $5- :,i! "% $5- s,:- =,

i$s-% /- $5- s#/-=$ :,$$-r "% #7i=i, r-<i-. T5- -$-$

,7 ,$#r- "% s#=5 r-<i- is , i=i7-$, >#-s$i" $5,$

"#7 %, %"r 7-$-r:i,$i" i $5- %,=$s "% $5- =,s- /-%"r-

#s. 8- s5, r-s-$; ,7<-r$ $" $5"s- >#-s$i"s /#$ /-%"r-

- 7" s" - :#s$ s$,$- $5,$ - ,r- "$ " <ir!i !r"#7. A

%- 7-=isi"s $" 5i=5 - s5, r-s-$; r-%-r 5,<-

-,:i-7 ,$ ="si7-r,/- -!$5@ $5- <-r; s,:- >#-s$i"s

,7 ,s-r-7 $5-: i$5 ="si7-r,/- ,":/. 8- :,;

!,i%#; r-%-r $" s":- "% $5"s- r""#=-:-$s i% "$ ,.

2*. I 7"rile#"a Ci$yart"i %. 7tate of ?.P. 1,,1 *1+

7 212@ 5i=5 5,-s $" /- $5- %irs$ "% $5-s- 7-=isi"s@

$5is C"#r$ 5,7 , "==,si" $" -,:i- 5-$5-r ?"<-r:-$

C"#s- i $5- 7is$ri=$s ,r- 5"7-rs "% , Boffi&e or *ost "r

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s#=5 ,"i$:-$s ,r- " :"r- $5, r"%-ssi",

-!,!-:-$s i- $5- "- /-$-- , ri<,$- =i-$ ,7 5is

,;-r. T5,$ =,s- ,r"s- "#$ "% , =5,-!- :"#$-7 /;

?"<-r:-$ C"#s- 5" -r- -!,!-7 $5r"#!5"#$ $5-

S$,$- "% U$$,r Pr,7-s5 $" 5,7- =i<i@ r-<-#- "r =ri:i,

=,s-s ,7 5"s- s-r<i=-s -r- - :,ss- $-r:i,$-7 /; $5-

S$,$- "; $" /- r-,=-7 /; %r-s5 ,"i$:-$s " $5- /,sis

"% , - ,- r-,r-7 %"r $5,$ #r"s- ,7 ="::#i=,$-7

$" $5- Dis$ri=$ M,!is$r,$-s ="=-r-7. O /-5,% "% $5- S$,$-@

i$ ,s ,r!#-7 $5,$ $5- -!,!-:-$ "% ?"<-r:-$ C"#s-

,s "$5i! /#$ , r"%-ssi", -!,!-:-$ /-$-- , =i-$

,7 5is ,;-r i$5 " #/i= --:-$ ,$$,=5-7 $" i$.

26. R--=$i! $5,$ ="$-$i"@ $5is C"#r$ 5-7 $5,$ $5-

,"i$:-$ "% $5- Dis$ri=$ ?"<-r:-$ C"#s- /; $5-

S$,$- ?"<-r:-$ ,s "$ :-r-; , r"%-ssi",

-!,!-:-$ /#$ 5,7 , #/i= --:-$ ,$$,=5-7 $" i$. T5is

C"#r$ "$-7 $5,$ ?"<-r:-$ C"#s- -r- ,i7

r-:#-r,$i" "#$ "% $5- #/i= -=5->#-r ,7 $5,$ 5,<i!

r-!,r7 $" S-=$i"s 24@ 2* ,7 321 "% $5- C"7- "% Cri:i,

Pr"=-7#r-@ $5- #/i= r"s-=#$"rs -r- -$r#s$-7 $5-

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r-s"si/ii$; "% ,=$i! "; i $5- i$-r-s$ "% ,7:iis$r,$i"

"% #s$i=-. I $5- =,s- "% P#/i= Pr"s-=#$"rs@ 7-=,r-7 $5is

C"#r$@ $5- ,77i$i", #/i= --:-$ %"i! %r": $5-

s$,$#$"r; r"<isi"s i $5- C"7- "% Cri:i, Pr"=-7#r-@

="$5-7 $5- #/i= r"s-=#$"rs i$5 $5- ,$$ri/#$- "% $5-

5"7-rs "% , #/i= "%%i=- 5i=5 =,"$ /- 5i$$-7 7" /;

$5- ,ss-r$i" $5,$ $5-ir -!,!-:-$ is #r-; r"%-ssi",

/-$-- , =i-$ ,7 5is ,;-r i$5 " #/i= --:-$

,$$,=5-7 $" i$. T5is ,s ,=="r7i! $" $5is C"#r$@ s#%%i=i-$ $"

,$$r,=$ Ar$i=- 14 ,7 /ri! $5- >#-s$i" "% <,i7i$; "% $5-

i:#!-7 =ir=#,r i$5i $5- s="- "% #7i=i, r-<i-.

2+. T5- 7-=isi" i 7"rile#"aDs =,s- (s#r,& is "$-"r$5;

%"r $5- ,77i$i", r-,s" $5,$ $5- s,:- 5-7 #7i=i, r-<i-

"% S$,$- ,=$i" -r:issi/- -<- 5- $5- -!,!-:-$ "%

$5- ?"<-r:-$ ="#s- :,; /- ="$r,=$#, i ,$#r-. T5is

C"#r$ "/s-r<-7 G

4Te !tate &annot be attributed te s*lit *ersonalit$of r. 6e$ll and r. #$de in te &ontra&tual field soas to im*ress on it all te &ara&teristi&s of te !tateat te tresold ile main a &ontra&t re'uirin itto fulfil te obliation of rti&le 1 of te Constitutionand tereafter *ermittin it to &ast off its arb of!tate to adorn te ne robe of a *ri%ate bod$ durinte subsisten&e of te &ontra&t enablin it to a&t

arbitraril$ sub"e&t onl$ to te &ontra&tual obliationsand remedies floin from it. t is reall$ te nature

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of its *ersonalit$ as !tate i& is sinifi&ant andmust &ara&teri?e all its a&tions, in ate%er field,and not te nature of fun&tion, &ontra&tual oroterise, i& is de&isi%e of te nature of s&rutin$ *ermitted for e8aminin te %alidit$ of its a&t. Te

re'uirement of rti&le 1 bein te dut$ to a&t fairl$, "ustl$ and reasonabl$, tere is notin i&militates aainst te &on&e*t of re'uirin te !tateala$s to so a&t, e%en in &ontra&tual matters. Tereis a basi& differen&e beteen te a&ts of te !tatei& must in%ariabl$ be in *ubli& interest and toseof a *ri%ate indi%idual, enaed in similar a&ti%ities,bein *rimaril$ for *ersonal ain, i& ma$ or ma$not *romote *ubli& interest. Dieed in tis manner,in i& e find no &on&e*tual diffi&ult$ or

ana&ronism, e find no reason $ tere'uirement of rti&le 1 sould not e8tend e%en inte s*ere of &ontra&tual matters for reulatin te&ondu&t of te !tate a&ti%it$.>

2'. R-;i! #" $5- 7-=isi"s "% $5is C"#r$ i Ra!ana

)ayara! 7"etty %. nternational Air&ort Aut"ority of

n$ia *1,,+ 7 4-, asturi Lal La#s"!i Re$$y %.

7tate of >a!!u an$ as"!ir *1,-/+ 4 7 1

)war#a$as @arfatia an$ 7ons %. Boar$ of Trustees of

t"e Port of Bo!(ay *1,-,+ 7 2, an$ @a"a(ir

Auto 7tores an$ Ot"ers %. n$ian Oil or&oration an$

ot"ers *1,,/+ 7 20 $5is C"#r$ 5-7 $5,$ $5- "-r "%

#7i=i, r-<i- ,7 $5- s-- "% Ar$i=- 14 ,s i7- -"#!5

$" $,- i$5i i$s %"7 $5- i:#!-7 =ir=#,r iss#-7 /; $5-

S$,$- i --r=is- "% i$s --=#$i<- "-rs irr-s-=$i<- "% $5-

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r-=is- ,$#r- "% ,"i$:-$ "% $5- ?"<-r:-$ C"#s- i

$5- 7is$ri=$s "r $5- ri!5$s@ ="$r,=$#, "r s$,$#$"r;@ 5i=5 $5-

,"i$--s :,; 5,<-. T5is C"#r$ r-i$-r,$-7 $5- - s-$$-7

ri=i- $5,$ S$,$- ,=$i" =, s#r<i<- "; i% i$ 7"-s "$

s#%%-r %r": $5- <i=- "% ,r/i$r,ri-ss 5i=5 is $5- <-r; -ss-=-

"% Ar$i=- 14 "% $5- C"s$i$#$i" ,7 R#- "% ,. T5is C"#r$

"/s-r<-7 G

4t is no too ell/settled tat e%er$ !tate

a&tion, in order to sur%i%e, must not be

sus&e*tible to te %i&e of arbitrariness i& iste &ru8 of rti&le 1 of te Constitution and

basi& to te rule of la, te s$stem i&

o%erns us. rbitrariness is te %er$ neation of

te rule of la. !atisfa&tion of tis basi& test in

e%er$ !tate a&tion is sine 'ua non to its %alidit$

and in tis res*e&t, te !tate &annot &laim&om*arison it a *ri%ate indi%idual e%en in te

field of &ontra&t. Tis distin&tion beteen te

!tate and a *ri%ate indi%idual in te field of&ontra&t as to be borne in te mind.>

29. A;i! $5- ,/"<- ri=i- $" $5- =ir=#,r #7-r

=5,-!-@ $5is C"#r$ 5-7 $5,$ ,r/i$r,ri-ss ,s ri$ ,r!-

" $5- s,:- ,s i$ !,<- , i:r-ssi" ,s i% $5- S$,$- ,=$i"

,s $,- #7-r , :is$,- /-i-% "% ,i=,/ii$; "% s"is

s;s$-: #7-r "#r ="s$i$#$i". T5is C"#r$ 5-7 $5,$ -<-

$5"#!5 i $5- =,s- "% S$,$-@ #/i= i$-r-s$ s5"#7 /- $5-

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!#i7i! ="si7-r,$i" 5i- ="si7-ri! $5- s#i$,/ii$; "% $5-

,"i$--s ;-$ $5- i:#!-7 S$,$- ,=$i" ,-,r-7 $" 5,<-

/-- $,- i$5 $5- s"- "/-=$ "% $-r:i,$i! , -is$i!

,"i$:-$s irr-s-=$i<- "% $5- s#/sis$-=- "r -ir; "% $5-

$-#r- "r $5- s#i$,/ii$; "% $5- i=#:/-$s. T5- %""i!

,ss,!- %r": $5- #7!:-$ s#:s # $5- $r-7 "% $5- #7i=i,

r""#=-:-$s 5i=5 i=r-,si!; %,<"#r S$,$- ,=$i<i$;

-<- i ="$r,=$#, :,$$-r /-i! /r"#!5$ i$5i $5- #r<i-

"% #7i=i, r-<i-G

4n our %ie, brinin te !tate a&ti%it$ in

&ontra&tual matters also itin te *ur%ie of "udi&ial re%ie is ine%itable and is a loi&al &orollar$to te stae alread$ rea&ed in te de&isions of tis

Court so far. #a%in fortunatel$ rea&ed tis *oint,e sould not no turn ba& or tae a turn in adifferent dire&tion or merel$ sto* tere.n our o*inion, to re&ent de&isions in =saradas arfatia and !ons, (su*ra) and aabir uto !tores E -rs.,(su*ra) also lead in te samedire&tion itout sa$in so in &lear terms. Tisa**ears to be also te trend of te re&ent Fnlisde&isions. t is in &onsonan&e it our &ommitment too*enness i& im*lies s&rutin$ of e%er$ !tate a&tion

to *ro%ide an effe&ti%e &e& aainst arbitrarinessand abuse of *oer. We ould mu& rater be ronin sa$in so rater tan be ron in not sa$in so.Non/arbitrariness, bein a ne&essar$ &on&omitant ofte rule of la, it is im*erati%e tat all a&tions ofe%er$ *ubli& fun&tionar$, in ate%er s*ere, mustbe uided b$ reason and not umour, im, &a*ri&eor *ersonal *redile&tions of te *ersons entrustedit te tas on bealf of te !tate and e8er&ise ofall *oer must be for *ubli& ood instead of bein an

abuse of te *oer . (-:5,sis s#i-7&

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30. I 7tate of ?.P. an$ Ors. etc. %. ?.P. 7tate Law

Officers Association an$ Ors. etc. *1,,4+ 2 7 2/4@

,s" , "%%i=-rs -r- r-:"<-7 /; $5- S$,$- ?"<-r:-$@

,!!ri-<-7 5-r-"%@ $5- ,%%-=$-7 "%%i=-rs ,r",=5-7 $5-

Hi!5 C"#r$ ="$-7i!@ inter alia, $5,$ $5-ir r-:"<, ,s

,!,is$ $5- ri=i-s "% ,$#r, #s$i=- ,7 $5,$ $5-; ="#7

/- r-:"<-7 %r": $5-ir "%%i=-s "; %"r <,i7 r-,s"s. T5-

Hi!5 C"#r$ ,!r--7 i$5 $5,$ ="$-$i"@ ,"-7 $5- -$i$i"

,7 >#,s5-7 $5- "r7-rs "% r-:"<,. T5- S$,$- ,ss,i-7 $5,$

"r7-r /-%"r- $5is C"#r$ i 5i=5 $5is C"#r$ -,:i-7 $5-

iss#- %r": $5r-- 7i%%-r-$ 7i:-si"s <iK.@ (i& te nature of

te leal *rofession (ii& te interest of *ubli& ,7 (iii& te

modes of a**ointment and remo%al.

31. 85i- 7-,i! i$5 $5- nature of te leal *rofession,

$5is C"#r$ "/s-r<-7 $5,$ -!, r"%-ssi" ,s -ss-$i,; ,

s-r<i=-"ri-$-7 r"%-ssi" ,7 $5,$ $5- r-,$i"s5i

/-$-- $5- ,;-r ,7 5is =i-$ is "- "% $r#s$ ,7

="%i7-=-. As , r-s"si/- "%%i=-r "% $5- ="#r$ ,7 ,

i:"r$,$ ,7#=$ "% $5- ,7:iis$r,$i" "% #s$i=-@ $5- ,;-r

,s" "-s , 7#$; $" $5- ="#r$ ,s - ,s $" $5- ""si$- si7-.

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H- 5,s $" /- %,ir $" -s#r- $5,$ #s$i=- is 7"-. H- 7-:-,s

5i:s-% i% 5- ,=$s :-r-; ,s , :"#$5i-=- "% 5is =i-$.

H,<i! s,i7 $5,$@ $5is C"#r$ "$-7 $5- =5,!-7 r"%i- "% $5-

-!, r"%-ssi" /-=,#s- "% $5- -,si" "% #/i= s-=$"r

,=$i<i$i-s -=-ssi$,$i! :,i$-,=- "% , ="::" ,- "%

,;-rs@ s":- "% 5": ,r- i %#$i:- -:";:-$ "% $5-

!"<-r:-$ "r #/i= is$i$#$i"s ,s $5-ir , "%%i=-rs.

32. O $5- >#-s$i" "% *ubli& interest in%ol%ed in te

a**ointment of la$ers, $5is C"#r$ #->#i<"=,; 7-=,r-7

$5,$ $5- !"<-r:-$ "r $5- #/i= /"7; r-r-s-$s #/i=

i$-r-s$ ,7 5"-<-r is i =5,r!- "% r#i! $5-ir ,%%,irs is

" :"r- $5, , $r#s$-- "r , =#s$"7i, "% #/i= i$-r-s$.

Pr"$-=$i" "% #/i= i$-r-s$s i $5- /-s$ "ssi/- :,-r is

$5-ir ri:,r; 7#$;. I$ %""s $5,$ #/i= /"7i-s ,r- #7-r

, "/i!,$i" $" $5- s"=i-$; $" $,- $5- /-s$ "ssi/- s$-s $"

s,%-!#,r7 s#=5 i$-r-s$s. T5,$ "/i!,$i" i $#r =,s$s "

$5-: $5- 7#$; $" -!,!- $5- :"s$ =":-$-$ s-r<,$s@

,!-$s@ ,7<is-rs -$=. E<- i $5- :,$$-r "% s--=$i" "%

,;-rs@ $5"s- 5" ,r- r#i! $5- !"<-r:-$ "r $5-

#/i= /"7i-s ,r- #7-r , "/i!,$i" $" :,- -,r-s$ -%%"r$s

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$" s--=$ $5- /-s$ %r": $5- ,<,i,/- "$. T5is is :"r- s"

/-=,#s- $5- =,i:s :,7- /; ,7"r ,!,is$ $5- #/i= /"7i-s

,r- :"-$,ri; s#/s$,$i, ,7 s"=i,; =r#=i, i$5 %,r

r-,=5i! ="s->#-=-s.

33. T5is C"#r$ 5i- 7-,i! i$5 $5- $5ir7 7i:-si"

$"#=5i! $5- :"7- "% a**ointment of la$ers 7-=,r-7 $5,$

i ="%"r:i$; i$5 $5- "/i!,$i" =,s$ #" $5-: $5"s-

5,7i! $5- ,%%,irs "% $5- S$,$- ,r- 7#$; /"#7 $" s--=$ $5-

:"s$ :-ri$"ri"#s@ 5,$-<-r $5- :-$5"7 ,7"$-7 %"r s#=5

s--=$i" ,7 ,"i$:-$ :,; /-. I$ :#s$ /- s5" $5,$ ,

s-,r=5 %"r $5- :-ri$"ri"#s ,s #7-r$,- ,7 $5,$

,"i$:-$s -r- :,7- "; " $5- /,sis "% $5- :-ri$ ,7

"$ %"r ,; "$5-r ="si7-r,$i". T5- %""i! ,ss,!- is i

$5is r-!,r7 ,"si$-.

41;. Te mode of a**ointment of la$ers for te

*ubli& bodies, terefore, as to be in &onformit$ itte obliation &ast on tem to sele&t te mostmeritorious. n o*en in%itation to te la$ers to&om*ete for te *osts is b$ far te best mode ofsu& sele&tion. @ut sometimes te best ma$ not&om*ete or a &om*etent &andidate ma$ not bea%ailable from amon te &om*etitors. n su&&ir&umstan&es, te *ubli& bodies ma$ resort to otermetods su& as in%itin and a**ointin te besta%ailable, altou e ma$ not a%e a**lied for te

*ost. Wate%er te metod ado*ted, it must beson tat te sear& for te meritorious as

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LatestLaws.com

undertaen and te a**ointments ere made onl$on te basis of te merit and not for an$ oter&onsideration.>

(em*asis su**lied)

34. I 7tate of ?.P. an$ Anr. % >o"ri @al *2//4+ 4 7

14 , $5r--J#7!- -=5 "% $5is C"#r$ 5,7 , "==,si" $"

7-, i$5 s":-5,$ si:i,r >#-s$i" $5,$ ,r"s- "=- ,!,i

i r-,$i" $" ,"i$:-$ "% !"<-r:-$ ,;-rs i $5-

S$,$- "% U.P. T5is C"#r$ r-<i--7 $5- 7-=isi"s -,ri-r

7-i<-r-7 ,7 r#-7 $5,$ #/i= i$-r-s$ "#7 /-

s,%-!#,r7-7 "; 5- !""7 ,7 =":-$-$ ="#s- ,r-

,"i$-7 /; $5- S$,$-. N" s#=5 ,"i$:-$s s5"#7@

7-=,r-7 $5is C"#r$@ /- :,7- %"r #rs#i! , "i$i=, #r"s-

"r %"r !i<i! s":- #7#- ,7<,$,!- $" ,; ,r$i=#,r

s-=$i". T5- S$,$- s5"#7 r-,=- , -%%i=i-$@ 5"-s$ ,7

=":-$-$ ,;-r "; 5- i$ is i , "si$i" $" ,"i$ ,

:"r- =":-$-$ ,;-r i 5is ,=-@ "/s-r<-7 $5is C"#r$.

T5- %""i! ,ss,!- is ,"si$- i $5is r-!,r7G

. -nl$ en ood and &om*etent &ounsel area**ointed b$ te !tate, te *ubli& interest ould besafeuarded. Te !tate ile a**ointin te *ubli& *rose&utors must bear in mind tat for te *ur*oseof u*oldin te rule of la, ood administration of

"usti&e is im*erati%e i& in turn ould a%e adire&t im*a&t on sustenan&e of demo&ra&$. No

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LatestLaws.com

=5,r,=$-r@ =":-$-=-@ s#%%i=i-$ --ri-=- ,s ,s"

s$,7i! ,$ $5- ,r. T5- --7 %"r -:";i! :-ri$"ri"#s

,7 =":-$-$ -rs"s $" :,i$,i $5- s$,7,r7 "% $5- 5i!5

"%%i=- =,"$ /- :ii:iK-7@ "/s-r<-7 $5- ="#r$@ ,r$i=#,r;@

5- $5- 5"7-rs "% $5- "s$ 5,<- , #/i= 7#$; $" -r%"r:.

T5- C"#r$ ,s" -r-ss-7 ,!#is5 "<-r $5- %,=$ $5,$ i

=-r$,i =,s-s $5- r-="::-7,$i"s ,r- :,7- /; $5- Dis$ri=$

M,!is$r,$- 5,<i! r-!,r7 $" $5- "i$i=, ,%%ii$; "% $5-

,;-rs $" $5- ,r$; i "-r ,7 $5,$ S$,$- is "$ --=$-7

$" r-s=i7 $5- ,"i$:-$s i$5 $5- =5,!- i $5-

!"<-r:-$ /-=,#s- , - ,r$; 5,s $,- "<-r =5,r!- "%

$5- ?"<-r:-$. T5is C"#r$ ,s" r-="!iK-7 $5- ,!-"7

$r,7i$i" "% ,"i$i! $5- Dis$ri=$ ?"<-r:-$ C"#s- "

$5- /,sis "% $5- r-="::-7,$i"s "% $5- Dis$ri=$ C"-=$"r i

="s#$,$i" i$5 $5- Dis$ri=$ J#7!-. T5- %,=$ $5,$ $5-

Dis$ri=$ J#7!-@ 5" is ="s#$-7 5i- :,i! s#=5

,"i$:-$ "s $5- :-ri$@ =":-$-=- ,7 =,,/ii$; "%

$5- ,;-r ="=-r-7@ ,s ,s" r-="!iK-7 /; $5- C"#r$.

36. T5- 7-<-":-$ "% , i $5is ="#$r; 5,s $,-

s$ri7-s 5- i$ =":-s $" i$-rr-$i! Ar$i=-s 14 ,7 16 ,7

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$5-ir s--. R-="!i$i" "% "-r --r=is,/- /; $5-

%#=$i",ri-s "% $5- S$,$- ,s , $r#s$ 5i=5 i s$,7

7is=5,r!-7 "; i% $5- "-r is --r=is-7 i #/i= i$-r-s$ is

, i:"r$,$ :i-s$"- #s$ ,s r-="!i$i" "% $5- C"#r$s

"-r "% #7i=i, r-<i- $" /- i7- -"#!5 $" s$ri- ,$ ,7

,# ,; S$,$- ,=$i" $5,$ is ,r/i$r,r;@ #!#i7-7@

5i:si=,@ #%,ir "r 7is=ri:i,$"r;. S-- ,s i:"r$,$

7i:-si"s "% $5- r#- "% , /; 5i=5 - s-,r $5- , ,s

i$ s$,7s $"7,; 5,s /,is5-7 %r": "#r s;s$-: #!#i7-7 ,7

#=,,is-7 "r ,r/i$r,r; 7is=r-$i" -<- i :,$$-rs $5,$ -r-

$i r-=-$; ="si7-r-7 $" /- i$5i $5- -!i$i:,$- s5-r- "%

, #/i= %#=$i",r; ,s , r-"si$"r; "% E-=#$i<- P"-r.

T5"s- --r=isi! "-r %"r #/i= !""7 ,r- " ,=="#$,/-

%"r $5-ir ,=$i"@ 5i=5 :#s$ s#r<i<- s=r#$i; "r /- ,#-7

" $5- %irs$ ri=i- $5,$ $5- --r=is- ,s "$ %"r #/i=

!""7 i $5,$ $5- s,:- ,s -i$5-r :,,%i7-@ #%,ir@

#r-,s",/- "r 7is=ri:i,$"r;. E$-si" "% $5- ri=i-

-<- $" ="$r,=$#, :,$$-rs "r :,$$-rs i- -!,!-:-$ "%

, "%%i=-rs is s;:/"i= "% $5- "-ri! "% $5- $5r-s5"7 "%

$"-r,=- %"r 5,$ is #%,ir@ #r-,s",/- "r ,r/i$r,r;. T5-

-,7i! 5"riK"s "% $5- #risr#7-=- " $5- s#/-=$ /"$5

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i $-r:s "% i$-rr-$,$i" "% Ar$i=- 14 "% $5- C"s$i$#$i" ,s

,s" $5- ="#r$s ii!-ss $" -$-r$,i -,s %"r #7i=i,

r-<i- is , 5-,r$-i! 7-<-":-$ " $5- #7i=i, ,7s=,-

$5,$ i 7is-$i$- --r=is- "% "-r /; $5"s- <-s$-7 i$5 i$

,s ,s" -:"-r $5"s- ,%%-=$-7 /; s#=5 "-r $" 5,<- i$

r-<-rs-7 i% s#=5 r-<-rs, is "$5-ris- :-ri$-7.

3+. T5- >#-s$i" 5-$5-r , %,ir@ r-,s",/- ,7 "

7is=ri:i,$"r; :-$5"7 "% s--=$i" s5"#7 "r s5"#7 "$ /-

,7"$-7 =, /- <i--7 %r": ,"$5-r ,!- ,s" ->#,; i%

"$ :"r- i:"r$,$ $5, $5- --7 %"r r-<-$i! ,;

i%ri!-:-$ "% Ar$i=- 14. T5- S$,$- ="#s- ,-,rs %"r $5-

S$,$- ?"<-r:-$ "r %"r #/i= /"7i-s 5" $"!-$5-r

="s$i$#$- $5- si!- ,r!-s$ i$i!,$ i "#r C"#r$ s;s$-:.

S$,$is$i=s s5" $5,$ -,r; '0 "% i$i!,$i" -7i! i $5-

="#r$s $"7,; 5,s S$,$- "r "- "% i$s is$r#:-$,i$i-s ,s ,

,r$; $" i$. S$,$- C"#s-="#s- ,"i$-7 /; #/i= /"7i-s

$5#s r-r-s-$ $5- ,r!-s$ si!- i$i!,$ "r !r"# -!,!-7 i

i$i!,$i". I$ is ,s" #7-i,/- $5,$ %"r , %,ir@ >#i= ,7

s,$is%,=$"r; ,7#7i=,$i" "% , =,#s-@ $5- ,ssis$,=- 5i=5 $5-

C"#r$ !-$s %r": $5- ,r is -$r-:-; i:"r$,$. I$ is ,$

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$i:-s s,i7 $5,$ $5- >#,i$; "% #7!:-$ "r #s$i=-

,7:iis$-r-7 /; $5- ="#r$s is 7ir-=$; r""r$i",$- $" $5-

>#,i$; "% ,ssis$,=- $5,$ $5- ="#r$s !-$ %r": $5- C"#s-

,-,ri! i , =,s-. O#r s;s$-: "% ,7:iis$r,$i" "% #s$i=-

is s" :"7--7 $5,$ $5- ,/ii$; "% $5- ,;-rs ,-,ri! i

$5- =,#s- $" r-s-$ $5- =,s-s "% $5-ir r-s-=$i<- =i-$s

,ss#:-s ="si7-r,/- i:"r$,=-. P""r ,ssis$,=- ,$ $5-

,r /; ="#s- 5" ,r- -i$5-r "$ s#%%i=i-$; ->#i-7 i

s=5",rs5i@ --ri-=- "r ="::i$:-$ is /"#7 $"

,7<-rs-; ,%%-=$ $5- $,s "% ,7:iis$r,$i" "% #s$i=- /; $5-

C"#r$. A,r$ %r": ,7<-rs-; ,%%-=$i! $5- #/i= i$-r-s$

5i=5 S$,$- ="#s- ,r- s#"s-7 $" r"$-=$@ ""r >#,i$; "%

,ssis$,=- r-7-r-7 $" $5- ="#r$s /; S$,$- C"#s- =,

,%%-=$ $5- 5i!5-r <,#- "% #s$i=- i$s-%. A %,ir@ r-,s",/- "r

"7is=ri:i,$"r; r"=-ss "% ,"i$:-$ "% S$,$- C"#s-

is "$ $5#s 7-:,7-7 "; /; $5- r#- "% , ,7 i$s

i$"-r,=- $",r7s ,r/i$r,ri-ss /#$ ,s" /; r-,s" "% $5-

=":-i! --7 %"r 7"i! =":-$- #s$i=- 5i=5 $5- C"#r$s

,r- "/i!-7 $" 7" i -,=5 ,7 -<-r; =,#s-. T5- S$,$-s

=,"$ i $5- 7is=5,r!- "% $5-ir #/i= 7#$; ,7 "-r $"

s--=$ ,7 ,"i$ S$,$- ="#s- 7isr-!,r7 -i$5-r $5-

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!#,r,$-- ="$,i-7 i Ar$i=- 14 ,!,is$ ",r/i$r,ri-ss

"r $5- 7#$; $" r"$-=$ #/i= i$-r-s$ /; i=i! # $5- /-s$

,:"! $5"s- ,<,i,/- ,7 ii! $" "r "r =, $5- S$,$-s

/; $5-ir ,=$i" %r#s$r,$-@ 7-,; "r -!,$- $5- #7i=i, r"=-ss

"% ,7:iis$r,$i" "% #s$i=- 5i=5 s" 5-,<i; /,s #" $5-

,ssis$,=- r-7-r-7 /; $5- :-:/-rs "% $5- ,r.

3'. T" s#: #@ $5- %""i! r""si$i"s ,r- -!,;

#-=-$i",/-G

(i) Te o%ernment and so also all *ubli& bodies are

trustees of te *oer %ested in tem.

(ii) is&are of te trust re*osed in tem in te best

*ossible manner is teir *rimar$ dut$.

(iii) Te *oer to enae, em*lo$ or re&ruit ser%ants,

aents, ad%isors and re*resentati%es must lie

an$ oter *oer be e8er&ised in a fair,

reasonable, non/dis&riminator$ and ob"e&ti%e

manner.

(i%) Te dut$ to a&t in a fair, reasonable, non/

dis&riminator$ and ob"e&ti%e manner is a fa&et of

te Gule of +a in a &onstitutional demo&ra&$ lie

ours.

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(%) n a&tion tat is arbitrar$ as no *la&e in a *olit$

o%erned b$ Gule of +a a*art from bein

offensi%e to te e'ualit$ &lause uaranteed b$

rti&le 1 of te Constitution of ndia.

(%i) **ointment of o%ernment &ounsel at te distri&t

le%el and e'uall$ so at te #i Court le%el, is not

"ust a *rofessional enaement, but su&

a**ointments a%e a 4*ubli& element> atta&ed to

tem.

(%ii) **ointment of o%ernment Counsel must lie te

dis&are of an$ oter fun&tion b$ te

o%ernment and *ubli& bodies, be onl$ in *ubli&

interest unaffe&ted b$ an$ *oliti&al or oter

e8traneous &onsiderations.

(%iii) Te o%ernment and *ubli& bodies are under an

obliation to enae te most &om*etent of te

la$ers to re*resent tem in te Courts for it is

onl$ en tose a**ointed are *rofessionall$

&om*etent tat *ubli& interest &an be *rote&ted in

te Courts.

(i8) Te o%ernment and *ubli& bodies are free to

&oose te metod for sele&tin te best la$ers

but an$ su& sele&tion and a**ointment *ro&ess

must demonstrate tat a sear& for te

meritorious as undertaen and tat te *ro&ess

as unaffe&ted b$ an$ e8traneous &onsiderations.

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(8) No la$er as a rit to be a**ointed as a

!tate=o%ernment &ounsel or as Publi& Prose&utor

at an$ le%el, nor is tere an$ %ested rit to &laim

an e8tension in te term for i& e=se is

initiall$ a**ointed. @ut all su& &andidates &an

offer temsel%es for a**ointment, re/a**ointment

or e8tension in i& e%ent teir &laims &an and

out to be &onsidered on teir merit,

uninfluen&ed b$ an$ *oliti&al or oter e8traneous

&onsiderations.

(8i) **ointments made in an arbitrar$ fasion,

itout an$ trans*arent metod of sele&tion or for

*oliti&al &onsiderations ill be amenable to "udi&ial

re%ie and liable to be 'uased.

(8ii) 6udi&ial re%ie of an$ su& a**ointments ill,

oe%er, be limited to e8aminin eter te

*ro&ess is affe&ted b$ an$ illealit$, irreularit$ or

*er%ersit$=irrationalit$. Te Court e8er&isin te

*oer of "udi&ial re%ie ill not sit in a**eal to

reassess te merit of te &andidates, so lon as

te metod of a**ointment ado*ted b$ te

&om*etent autorit$ does not suffer from an$

infirmit$.

39. #-s$i" N".3 is ,=="r7i!; ,s-r-7 i $5- ,%%ir:,$i<-.

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Re: Question No.4

40. 85,$ $5- ,r- $5- ,;s "#$ "% $5- si$#,$i" 5i=5 5,s

/-- ,s , !"<-r:-$, %i-%7": $5,$ is i::#- $" #7i=i,

r-<i- ,7 ="rr-=$i" T5- L, C"::issi" 5,s@ i$ is

5-,r$-i! $" "$-@ ,77r-ss-7 , si:i,r >#-s$i" ,$ s":-

-!$5 ,7 :,7- :-,i!%# r-="::-7,$i"s i i$s 19+$5

R-"r$. T5- C"::issi" 5i- -,:ii! iss#-s ="=-ri!

,"i$:-$ "% #/i= r"s-=#$"rs "/s-r<-7G

4Te !essions 6ude o as nolede of te&aliber, e8*erien&e and &ara&ter of la$ers *ra&ti&in in te !essions Courts is ell suited tosuest te best names of la$ers so tat te

interests of *rose&ution, te interests of te a&&usedare full$ taen &are of. Tis bein te loi& beindte *ro%ision for &onsultation, an$ amendment b$te !tates deletin te &e& on arbitrar$a**ointments of Publi& Prose&utors, ill be %iolati%eof rt. 1 of te Constitution. Te fundamental *oint/ i& as to be remembered H is tat an$ lamade b$ te Centre or !tate +eislature in reard toa**ointment of Publi& Prose&utors must &onform tote *rin&i*les o%ernin administration of &riminal "usti&e in i& te *ubli& *rose&utor as aninde*endent and s*e&ial role as stated in Ca*ter .n as mu& as te Publi& Prose&utor is a Blimb of te "udi&ial *ro&ess and Ban offi&er of Court as stated b$te 1; !u*reme Court (see Ca*ter ), an$ metodof a**ointment i& sa&rifi&es te 'ualit$ of te *rose&ution or i& enables !tate o%ernments tomae a**ointments at teir &oi&e itout *ro*ers&reenin, *ro*er assessment of te 'ualifi&ations,e8*erien&e or interit$ of te indi%iduals, be te$ tePubli& Prose&utors sele&ted from te @ar or

a**ointed from amon te Prose&utin -ffi&ers, illnot stand te test of non/arbitrariness under rt. 1

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of te Constitution of ndia. Te s&eme must *ro%ide for a**ointin Publi& Prose&utors o sallbear all te 'ualities mentioned in Ca*ter >.

(em*asis su**lied)

41. D-,i! i$5 $5- ,"i$:-$ r"=-7#r- "% P#/i=

Pr"s-=#$"rs ,7 $5- --7 $" r"<i7- %"r r"-r =5-=s ,s

,s" $5- <,i7i$; "% ,; s$,$- ,:-7:-$ $" s-=$i" 24@

r-:"<i! $5-s- =5-=s %r": $5- s=5-:- "% S-=$i" 24@ $5-

C"::issi" "/s-r<-7G

4**ointment *ro&edure laid don in an$ leislation&annot i%e arbitrar$ dis&retion to !tateo%ernments. Tere must be *ro*er &e&s in tematter of a**ointment of Publi& Prose&utors=ddl.Publi& Prose&utors in 22 te !essions Court so tatte$ &an be effi&ient in teir fun&tionin, ob"e&ti%e

and inde*endent of te Poli&e and te F8e&uti%e. n$s&eme of a**ointments itout *ro*er &e&s illbe %iolati%e of rt. 1 of te Constitution of ndia. fte &entral leislation e8*ressl$ re'uires &onsultationit !essions 6ude and tat e sould assess merit,e8*erien&e and ood &ara&ter as a ne&essar$&ondition for a**ointment as Publi& Prose&utors underse&. 2(), ten an$ !tate mendment i& deleteste *ro%ision relatin to &onsultation it te!essions 6ude and to te abo%e 'ualities re'uired of

te a**ointee, ten su& deletion b$ te !tate+eislature amounts i%in a li&en&e for arbitrar$a**ointments and ill %iolate rt. 1. n su& &ases,assent of te President to te !tate mendment &anbe "ustifiabl$ refused.>

(em*asis su**lied)

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42. T5- C"::issi" #->#i<"=,; s#"r$-7 $5- --7 %"r

="s#$,$i" i$5 $5- S-ssi"s J#7!- ,7 i$5 $5- Hi!5

C"#r$@ ,s $5- =,s- :,; /-@ %"r ,"i$:-$ "% $5- #/i=

r"s-=#$"rs %"r $5"s- C"#r$s i $5- %""i! "r7sG

4We ma$ reiterate tat, so far as se&. 2() is&on&erned, te Publi& Prose&utors sele&tion anda**ointment at te le%el of te istri&ts and te #iCourt &annot be left to te seet ill of teo%ernment. !u& a *ro&edure as te daner of

*ersons itout ade'uate e8*erien&e of &ondu&tin!essions &ases, or o la& in ade'uate noledeof &riminal la bein a**ointed. Tere is e%en telieliood of some of su& a**ointees notmaintainin te iest standards of &ondu&te8*e&ted of a Publi& Prose&utor. Tus, ile&onsultation under se&. 2() it te !essions 6ude &annot be dis*ensed it, e *ro*ose somee8tra *ro%isions in se&. 2() re'uirin tat te!ession 6ude must i%e im*ortan&e to e8*erien&e in

!essions &ases, merit and interit$. f su& a *ro%ision is dis*ensed it b$ !tate +eislatures,ob%iousl$ su& amendments ill %iolate rt. 1. Tisis so far as te *osts of Publi& Prose&utor and 50Iof *osts of ddl. Publi& Prose&utor in te istri&t are&on&erned.>

(em*asis su**lied)

43. C"s#$,$i" i$5 $5- S-ssi"s J#7!- %"r , P#/i=

Pr"s-=#$"r i $5- Dis$ri=$ #7i=i,r; ,7 i$5 $5- Hi!5 C"#r$

%"r "- i $5- Hi!5 C"#r$ is s$,$#$"ri; r-s=ri/-7 /-=,#s- "%

$5- i:"r$,=- "% $5- ,"i$:-$ ,7 $5- si!i%i=,=- "%

$5- "ii" "% $5- C"#r$s 5-r- $5- ,"i$-- 5,s $" "r@

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LatestLaws.com

,s $" 5is "r 5-r =,,=i$; ,7 r"%-ssi", ,/ii$;. T5-

s$,$#$- 7"-s "$ ,7:i$ "% , ,"i$:-$ i 7isr-!,r7 "% $5-

r->#ir-:-$ "% ="s#$,$i". T5- L, C"::issi" 5,s@

$5-r-%"r-@ ri!5$; 5-7 $5- ="s#$,$i<- r"=-ss $" /- , =5-=

" $5- "-r "% ,"i$:-$ 5i=5 =,"$ /- -%$

#r-!#,$-7 "r #="$r"-7@ -s$ , -rs" "$ s#i$-7 "r

=":-$-$ -"#!5 !-$s ,"i$-7 $" $5- "si$i" %"r "$5-r

r-,s"s "r ="si7-r,$i"s. C"s#$,$i"@ i $5,$ s-s-@ -7s

r-,ss#r,=- ,s $" $5- r"%-ssi", ,/ii$; ,7 s#i$,/ii$; "%

$5- ,"i$--. T5- C"::issi" 5,s " $5,$ r-:is- ,=-7

, >#-s$i" :,r " $5- <,i7i$; "% S$,$- ,:-7:-$ $5,$

7--$-s %r": S-=$i" 24 "% $5- C"7- "% Cri:i, Pr"=-7#r-

C"7- $5- --7 %"r ="s#$,$i" i$5 $5- S-ssi"s J#7!- "r

$5- Hi!5 C"#r$.

44. T,i! , =#- %r": $5- r"<isi"s "% S-=$i" 24@ - ,r-

i=i-7 $" 5"7 $5,$ 5,$ s-r<-s ,s , =5-= " $5- "-r "%

$5- ?"<-r:-$ $" ,"i$ , P#/i= Pr"s-=#$"r =, ,s -

/- , =5-= " $5- ,"i$:-$ "% $5- S$,$- C"#s- ,s".

T5,$ is /-=,#s-@ 5i- $5- P#/i= Pr"s-=#$"rs "-r #7-r

$5- C"7- "% Cri:i, Pr"=-7#r- C"7- !i<-s 5i: , 7is$i=$i<-

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LatestLaws.com

"si$i"@ $5- "%%i=- "% , S$,$- C"#s-@ i :,$$-rs "$5-r $5,

=ri:i,@ ,r- " -ss i:"r$,$. A S$,$- C"#s- /; 5,$-<-r

7-si!,$i" =,-7@ ,-,rs i i:"r$,$ =i<i ,7

="s$i$#$i", :,$$-rs@ s-r<i=- ,7 $, :,$$-rs ,7 -<-r;

"$5-r :,$$-r 5-r- s#/s$,$i, s$,-s ,r- i<"<-7 "r

:,$$-rs "% !r,<- ,7 s#/s$,$i, i:"r$,=- ,$ $i:-s

$"#=5i! #/i= "i=; ,7 s-=#ri$; "% S$,$- ,r- i<"<-7. T"

$r-,$ s#=5 :,$$-rs $" /- i="s->#-$i, "r isi!i%i=,$ is $"

$ri<i,is- $5- r"- ,7 "si$i" "% , S$,$- C"#s- ,$ $i:-s

7-s=ri/-7 ,s ,77i$i", ,7 -<- S-i"r A77i$i", A7<"=,$-

?--r,. 85,$ 5"7s !""7 %"r ,"i$:-$ "% , P#/i=

Pr"s-=#$"r ,s , =5-= " ,r/i$r,r; --r=is- "% "-r :#s$@

$5-r-%"r-@ ,=$ ,s , =5-= " $5- S$,$-s "-r $" ,"i$ ,

S$,$- C"#s- ,s - -s-=i,; i si$#,$i"s 5-r- $5-

,"i$:-$ is #r-!#,$-7 /; ,; ="s$i$#$i", "r

s$,$#$"r; r"<isi". S#=5 , r->#ir-:-$ is i:i=i$ i $5-

,"i$i! "-r "% $5- S$,$- 5i=5 "-r is i $r#s$ i$5

$5- !"<-r:-$ "r $5- #/i= /"7; $" /- --r=is-7 "; $"

r":"$- #/i= i$-r-s$. T5- "-r =,"$ /- --r=is-7

,r/i$r,ri;@ 5i:si=,; "r i , #=,,is-7 :,-r %"r ,;

s#=5 --r=is- i %, %"# "% Ar$i=- 14 "% $5- C"s$i$#$i" "%

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I7i, ,7 r-s#$,$; R#- "% , $" 5i=5 $5- ="#$r; is

="::i$$-7.

4*. 8- 5,<- 5i- 7-,i! i$5 >#-s$i" N".1 5-7 $5,$ "

,;-r 5,s , ri!5$ $" /- ,"i$-7 ,s S$,$- ?"<-r:-$

="#s- "r ,s #/i= r"s-=#$"r ,$ ,; -<- "r 7"-s 5-

5,<- , <-s$-7 ri!5$ $" =,i: -$-si" i $5- $-r: %"r 5i=5

5-s5- is ii$i,; ,"i$-7. 8- 5,<- ,s" 5-7 $5,$ ,

=,7i7,$-s 5" ,r- -i!i/- %"r ,; s#=5 ,"i$:-$ =,

"%%-r $5-:s-<-s %"r r-,"i$:-$ "r -$-si" i 5i=5

-<-$ $5-ir =,i:s =, ,7 "#!5$ $" /- ="si7-r-7 " $5-ir

:-ri$ #i%#-=-7 /; ,; "i$i=, "r "$5-r -$r,-"#s

="si7-r,$i". I$ %""s $5,$ -<- $5- ri$-$i$i"-rs

=,"$ =,i: ,"i$:-$ "r -$-si" ,s , :,$$-r "% ri!5$.

T5-; =, ,$ /-s$ =,i: ="si7-r,$i" %"r ,; s#=5

,"i$:-$ "r -$-si" #" -ir; "% $5-ir r-s-=$i<-

$-r:s. S#=5 ="si7-r,$i" s5,@ 5"-<-r@ 5,<- $" /- i

,=="r7,=- i$5 $5- "r:s s-$$-7 %"r s#=5 ,"i$:-$s

,7 " $5- /,sis "% $5-ir inter se :-ri$@ s#i$,/ii$; ,7

-r%"r:,=- i% $5-; 5,<- ,r-,7; "r-7 ,s S$,$- ="#s-.

T" $5,$ -$-$@ $5-r-%"r-@ $5-r- is " 7i%%i=#$;. T5- >#-s$i"

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is 5,$ s5"#7 /- $5- :-=5,is: %"r s#=5 ="si7-r,$i".

T5-r- ,r- i $5,$ r-!,r7 $" :,"r ,s-=$s $5,$ --7 $" /-

-$ i :i7. T5- %irs$ is $5- --7 %"r ,ss-ss:-$ ,7

r->#ir-:-$ "% $5- S$,$- ?"<-r:-$s 5,<i! r-!,r7 $" $5-

"r",7 i 7i%%-r-$ ="#r$s. As "$i=-7 -,ri-r@

,"i$:-$s ,-,r $" 5,<- /-- :,7- i$5"#$ ,;

r-,is$i= ,ss-ss:-$ "% $5- --7 %"r S$,$- ="#s- ,$

7i%%-r-$ -<-s. A/s-=- "% , r"-r ,ss-ss:-$ "% $5-

r->#ir-:-$ %"r S$,$- ="#s- -,7s $" si$#,$i"s $5,$ 5,<-

/-- ,7<-rs-; ="::-$-7 #" /; $5- CA? i 5is r-"r$ $"

5i=5 - 5,<- :,7- , r-%-r-=- i $5- -,ri-r ,r$ "% $5is

#7!:-$. T5- r"/-: !-$s =":"#7-7 /; $5"s- i "-r

,77i! $" $5- s$r-!$5 "% !"<-r:-$ ,7<"=,$-s "$ /-=,#s-

$5-; ,r- r->#ir-7 /#$ /-=,#s- s#=5 ,"i$:-$s s-r<- $5-

"/-=$ "% ,-,s-:-$ "r ri<,$- /--<"-=- s5" $"

$5"s- 5" >#,i%; %"r $5- s,:-. T5- CA? 5,s i $5,$ <i-

ri!5$; "/s-r<-7 $5,$ $5-r- "#!5$ $" /- , r"-r ,ss-ss:-$

"% $5- --7 /-%"r- s#=5 ,"i$:-$s ,r- :,7-.

46. T5- s-="7 ,s-=$ is ,/"#$ $5- r"=-ss "% s--=$i" ,7

,ss-ss:-$ "% :-ri$ "% $5- =,7i7,$-s /; , =r-7i/- r"=-ss.

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-<- ,7 $5- Hi!5 C"#r$ i% $5- ,"i$:-$ is %"r =,s-s

="7#=$-7 /-%"r- $5- Hi!5 C"#r$. I$ "#7@ i "#r "ii"@

/- ,r"ri,$- ,7 i --i! i$5 $5- 7-:,7s "%

$r,s,r-=;@ "/-=$i<i$; ,7 %,ir-ss i% ,%$-r ,ss-ss:-$

,7 %i,is,$i" "% $5- s--=$i" r"=-ss , ,- is s-$ $"

$5- C5i-% J#s$i=- "% $5- Hi!5 C"#r$ ="=-r-7 %"r 5is <i-s

" $5- s#/-=$. T5- C5i-% J#s$i=- ="#7 ="s$i$#$- ,

C"::i$$-- "% J#7!-s $" r-<i- $5- ,:-s r-="::-7-7 %"r

,"i$:-$ ,7 "%%-r 5is <i-s i r-!,r7 $" r"%-ssi",

=":-$-=- ,7 s#i$,/ii$; "% =,7i7,$-s %"r s#=5

,"i$:-$s. A"i$:-$s :,7- ,%$-r s#=5 , ="s#$,$i<-

r"=-ss "#7 isir- ="%i7-=- ,7 r-<-$ ,;

,r/i$r,ri-ss. T5- s,:- r"=-7#r- ="#7 /- %""-7 5-r-

=,7i7,$-s ,r- !r,$-7 -$-si" i $5-ir $-r:s "%

,"i$:-$ i 5i=5 =,s- $5- C"::i$$-- ,"i$-7 /; $5-

!"<-r:-$ ,7 $5,$ ="s$i$#$-7 /; $5- C5i-% J#s$i=- ="#7

,s" "" i$" $5- -r%"r:,=- "% $5- =,7i7,$-s 7#ri! $5-

-ri"7 $5-; 5,<- "r-7 ,s S$,$- ="#s-.

4'. I $5- r-s#$@ $5-r-%"r-@ - 7is"s- "% Tr,s%-r P-$i$i"

N".10+3 "% 2014 ,7 Ci<i A-, ,risi! "#$ "% SLP(C&

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N".'4162016 (CC N".*4+0 "% 2014& i$5 $5- %""i!

7ir-=$i"sG

(1) T5- S$,$-s "% P#,/ ,7 H,r;,, s5, #7-r$,- ,

r-,is$i= ,ss-ss:-$ "% $5-ir --7 i -,=5 =,$-!"r; i

5i=5 S$,$- ="#s- ,r- r""s-7 $" /- ,"i$-7.

(2) ,s-7 " $5- ,ss-ss:-$ s" :,7-@ $5- S$,$-s s5,

="s$i$#$- , S--=$i" C"::i$$-- i$5 s#=5 #:/-r

"% "%%i=-rs ,s $5- S$,$- ?"<-r:-$ :,; 7-$-r:i-

$" s--=$ s#i$,/- =,7i7,$-s %"r ,"i$:-$ ,s

S$,$- ="#s-. T5- S-=r-$,r;@ D-,r$:-$ "% L, i

-,=5 S$,$- s5, /- $5- M-:/-rS-=r-$,r; "% $5-

S--=$i" C"::i$$--.

(3) T5- C"::i$$-- s5, " $5- /,sis "% "r:s ,7

=ri$-ri, 5i=5 $5- ?"<-r:-$ ="=-r-7 :,;

%"r:#,$- ,7 i $5- ,/s-=- "% ,; s#=5 "r:s@ "

$5- /,sis "% "r:s ,7 =ri$-ri, 5i=5 $5- C"::i$$--

:,; $5-:s-<-s %"r:#,$- ="7#=$ s--=$i" "% ,

"%%i=-rs %"r $5- S$,$- ,7 s#/:i$ , ,- "% ,:-s $"

$5- C5i-% J#s$i=- "% P#,/ ,7 H,r;,, 5" :,; s-$

# , C"::i$$-- "% J#7!-s $" r-<i- $5- ,- ,7

:,- r-="::-7,$i"s $" $5- C5i-% J#s$i=-. T5-

C5i-% J#s$i=- :,; /,s-7 " ,; s#=5

r-="::-7,$i"s r-="r7 5is <i-s r-!,r7i!

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s#i$,/ii$; "% $5- =,7i7,$-s i=#7-7 i $5- ,-.

T5- ?"<-r:-$ s5, $5- /- %r-- $" ,"i$ $5-

=,7i7,$-s 5,<i! r-!,r7 $" $5- <i-s -r-ss-7 /;

$5- C5i-% J#s$i=- r-!,r7i! $5-ir :-ri$ ,7 s#i$,/ii$;.

T5- r"=-7#r- %"r ,ss-ss:-$ "% :-ri$ "% $5-

=,7i7,$-s ,7 ="si7-r,$i" /; $5- Hi!5 C"#r$ i

,; i , =,s-s 5-r- $5- =,7i7,$-s ,r- ,r-,7;

"ri! ,s S$,$- ="#s- /#$ ,r- /-i! !i<- ,

-$-si" i $5- $-r: "% $5-ir ,"i$:-$. H,<i!

s,i7 $5,$ - :#s$ 5,s$- $" ,77 $5,$ - ,r- "$

i$-r%-ri! i$5 $5- ,"i$:-$s ,r-,7; :,7- i

$5- S$,$-s "% P#,/ ,7 H,r;,, 5i=5 =,

="$i#- $" r-:,i <,i7 %"r $5- -ri"7 $5- s,:- 5,s

/-- :,7- /#$ ,; -$-si" "r r-,"i$:-$

s5, !" $5r"#!5 $5- r"=-ss i7i=,$-7 /; #s i $5-%"r-!"i! ,r,!r,5s.

() T5- ri$-$i$i"-rs s5, ,s" /- %r-- $" "%%-r

$5-:s-<-s %"r ="si7-r,$i" /-%"r- $5- C"::i$$--

,"i$-7 /; $5- S$,$- ?"<-r:-$ i 5i=5 -<-$

$5-ir =,i:s :,; ,s" /- ="si7-r-7 5,<i! r-!,r7 $"

$5-ir :-ri$s@ s#i$,/ii$; ,7 -r%"r:,=- ,s S$,$-

="#s- %"r $5- -ri"7 $5-; 5,<- "r-7 ,s S$,$-

="#s-.

(5) 8- :,- i$ =-,r $5,$ "$5i! s,i7 /; #s i $5-

%"r-!"i! ,r,!r,5s "% $5is #7!:-$ s5, ,%%-=$

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$5- ri!5$ "% $5- S$,$- ?"<-r:-$s $" ,"i$ ,;

-rs" -i!i/- %"r s#=5 ,"i$:-$ ,s $5- A7<"=,$-

?--r, "% $5- S$,$- i $-r:s "% Ar$i=- 16* "% $5-

C"s$i$#$i" "% I7i,.

(<) 8- %#r$5-r =,ri%; $5,$ ,$5"#!5 - ,r- ri:,ri;

="=-r-7 i$5 $5- r"=-7#r- r-!,r7i! s--=$i"

,7 ,"i$:-$ "% , "%%i=-rs i $5- S$,$-s "%

P#,/ ,7 H,r;,, ,7 ,$5"#!5 - 5,<- ="%i-7

"#r 7ir-=$i"s $" $5- s,i7 $" S$,$-s "; ;-$ "$5-r

S$,$-s "#7 7" - $" r-%"r: $5-ir s;s$-: "%

s--=$i" ,7 ,"i$:-$ $" :,- $5- s,:- :"r-

$r,s,r-$@ %,ir ,7 "/-=$i<- i% -=-ss,r; /;

,:-7i! $5- r--<,$ LR M,#,sR#-s ,7

R-!#,$i"s " $5- s#/-=$.

49. Si=- $5- iss#-s $5,$ %- %"r 7-$-r:i,$i" i $5-

8ri$ P-$i$i" N".2000 "% 2011 ,s" s$,7 =":r-5-si<-;

7-$-r:i-7 /; $5is "r7-r@ $5- s,i7 -$i$i" s5, ,s" s$,7

7is"s-7 "% i $5- ,/"<- $-r:s. T5- ,r$i-s ,r- -%$ $" /-,r

$5-ir " ="s$s.

........................... CJI. (T.S. THAKUR)

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SC says Appointment of law officers should not be a political exercise.pdf

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