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Transcript of Saturday, October 10, 2015 Asia’s Poorest and Hungry: Trends and Characteristics Akhter Ahmed,...
Friday, April 21, 2023
Asia’s Poorest and Hungry:Trends and Characteristics
Akhter Ahmed, Ruth Hill, Doris Wiesmann, and Lisa Smith
International Food Policy Research Institute
Policy Forum
Session C on “Poverty and Hunger in Rural Asia”
Manila
August 9-10, 2007
Page 2INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Poverty in Asia: Where the poor livePoor living on less than $1 a day
937 million in 1990
Middle East1.3 million
Central Asia1.9 million
Southeast Asia
81.9 million (9%)
East Asia 374.9 million
(40%)South Asia479.2 million
(51%)
614 million in 2004
Middle East1.5 million
Central Asia3.5 million
(1%)
Southeast Asia33.7 million
(5%)
East Asia 128.6 million
(21%)
South Asia446.2 million
(73%)
Page 3INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Where the poor, the poorer, and the poorest Live
Extreme poor(<$1 and $0.75):
372 million in 2004
Ultra poor(<$0.50):
29 million in 2004
Middle East1.0 million
Central Asia2.3 million
(1%)
Southeast Asia21.9 million
(6%)
East Asia83.1 million
(22%)
South Asia263.6 million
(71%)
Hardcore poor(<$0.75 and $0.50):213 million in 2004
Middle East0.41 million
Central Asia0.9 million
Southeast Asia8.2 million
(4%)
East Asia40.8 million
(19%)
South Asia162.9 million
(77%)
Middle East0.1 million
Central Asia0.4 million
(1%)
East Asia4.7 million
(16%)
Southeast Asia3.7 million
(13%)
South Asia19.7 million
(70%)
Page 4INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Trends in Extreme, Hardcore, and Ultra poverty rates: 1990-2004
East Asia & Pacific
0
5
10
15
20
25
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2004
Per
cent
age
of p
opul
atio
n
South Asia
0
5
10
15
20
25
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2004P
erce
ntag
e of
pop
ulat
ion
Developing World
0
5
10
15
20
25
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2004
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
po
pu
latio
n
Extreme Poverty
Hardcore Poverty
Ultra Poverty
Page 5INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Overall, poverty in Asia declined more for those closer to poverty line
Developing World
-10.5
-1.9
-4.0
-5.7
-5.1
-2.9
-1.4
-12
-8
-4
0
Perce
ntage
point c
hange
Change in $1 poverty rate
Change that would have resultedfrom everyone’s incomeimproving by the same amountActual change in extreme povertyrate
Actual change in hardcorepoverty rate
Actual change in ultra povertyrate
Asia
-15.6
-5.0-5.8 -6.1
-7.4
-4.4
-2.4
-16
-13
-10
-7
-4
-1
2
Pe
rce
nta
ge
po
int c
ha
ng
e
Page 6INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
In rural India, poverty fell most for those living between 50 and 75 cents a day
Developing World
-10.5
-1.9
-4.0
-5.7
-5.1
-2.9
-1.4
-12
-8
-4
0
Perce
ntage
point c
hange
Change in $1 poverty rate
Change that would have resultedfrom everyone’s incomeimproving by the same amount
Actual change in extreme povertyrate
Actual change in hardcorepoverty rate
Actual change in ultra povertyrate
Rural India
-10.7
-2.0-1.0
-4.7
-6.7
-4.0-3.0
-15
-10
-5
0
5
Per
cent
age
poin
t cha
nge
Page 7INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
South Asia is a current hot spot of hunger,but hunger declined considerably
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
South Asia-1992 South Asia-2003 East Asia andPacific-1992
East Asia andPacific-2003
Hun
ger
Inde
x
Under-five mortality
Underweight children
Undernourished
Page 8INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Global Hunger Index (2003):Ranking of Asian Countries
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
CambodiaTajikistan
BangladeshIndia
NepalLao PDR
Timor-LestePakistan
Korea, Dem. Rep.Vietnam
PhilippinesSri LankaMyanmarMongolia
UzbekistanArmenia
IndonesiaThailandGeorgia
TurkmenistanAzerbaijan
Kyrgyz Rep.China
KazakhstanMalaysia
IranTurkey
Saudi ArabiaSyrian Arab Rep.
KuwaitLebanon
Global Hunger Index
Page 9INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Selected Findings from Country Case Studies:
Analysis of Nationally Representative Household Survey Data
Page 10INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Poverty is predominantly rural (Poor living on less than $1 a day)
55
3735
15
7
46
31
20
13
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Bangladesh India Vietnam Tajikistan Sri Lanka
Per
cent
Rural Urban
Page 11INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Prevalence of hunger is higher in urban areas(Less than 2,200 kcal/person/day)
69
6360 58
5652
38
60 59
48
58
34
49
31
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Bangladesh Sri Lanka Pakistan India Laos Timor-Leste Tajikistan
Perc
ent
Urban Rural
Page 12INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• South Asian rural landless are hard to reach—they benefit a little from agricultural development
• Lacking draft animals and farm implements, they can seldom work as sharecroppers, so most depend on daily wages for livelihood
Rural poor with no cultivable land
77
58
31
17
0
20
40
60
80
100
Pakistan Bangladesh Vietnam Tajikistan
Percen
t
Most Pakistani and Bangladeshi rural poor living on less than $1-a-day are landless