SAR Application Policy Study : Analysis of SAR-Related Journal Papers Hoonyol Lee Department of...

SAR Application Policy Study :

Analysis of SAR-Related Journal Papers

Hoonyol Lee

Department of Geophysics Kangwon National University

Email: [email protected]

ISRS2005, Jeju, Korea, 12-14 October 2005

SAR Application Policy Study

Contract: KARI – KNU

Period: January – December 2005

A policy study to analyze the history, current trends and future of SAR systems, technologies, and application fields.

A Korean SAR satellite(2008)


Analysis of SAR-related Journal Papers

Procedure

Paper Abstract Collection

Category Setup and Work Plan

1st Classification

2nd Classification

Statistics


Paper Abstract Collection

Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (KNU license) Index and abstract of almost all journal papers http://www.consortia.co.kr/csa/ Peer-reviewed, English journal papers Earliest to 2005 Keyword: “Synthetic Aperture Radar”

(2839 papers selected)

www.refworks.com (KNU license) Remove duplicates and convert to Excel format (2733) Automatic Sorting -> failed. Need experts’ analysis


Classification and Statistics 1st Classification

Period: May-June 2005 Material: Indexes and abstracts of 2733 selected papers Experts:

SNU – D. J. Kim(700), S. E. Park(700), and S. H. Hong(700)KNU – H. S. Chae (633)

2nd Classification and Statistics Period: July-August 2005 Resorting and Tuning (Final 2665 papers ) Statistical Analysis


Journals

Atmosphere-Ocean, 20, 1% Science, 15, 1%

Radio Science, 14, 1%

Acta Astronautica, 12, 0%

Annals of Glaciology, 32, 1%

Water Resources Research, 17,1%

Eos, 11, 0%

Optical Engineering, 25, 1%

Electronics Letters, 23, 1%

IEEE Aerospace and ElectronicSystems Magazine, 21, 1%

IEEE Journal of OceanicEngineering, 35, 1%

Journal of Glaciology, 35, 1%

Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America, 12, 0%

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry& Remote Sensing, 12, 0%

Journal of PhysicalOceanography, 12, 0%

Nature, 9, 0%

Advances in Space Research, 45,2%

IEEE Transactions on ImageProcessing, 41, 2%

IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonarand Navigation, 38, 1%

Johns Hopkins APL TechnicalDigest, 49, 2%

Geophysical Research Letters, 48,2%

Photogrammetric Engineering andRemote Sensing, 66, 2%

IEEE Transactions on Antennasand Propagation, 56, 2%

Microwave and OpticalTechnology Letters, 11, 0%

Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 10,0%

Aerospace America, 9, 0%

IEEE Transactions onElectromagnetic Compatibility, 10,

0%

IEEE Transactions on SignalProcessing, 10, 0%

Geocarto International, 9, 0%

etc, 472, 18%

Remote Sensing of Environment,126, 5%

IEEE Transactions on Aerospaceand Electronic Systems, 158, 6%

Journal of Geophysical Research,237, 9%

International Journal of RemoteSensing, 280, 11%

IEEE Transactions on Geoscienceand Remote Sensing, 685, 26%

• 243 Journals

• 2665 Papers

• 57% in top 5 Journals


Yearly Productivity

Yearly Publication

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Seasat

ERS- 1J ERS- 1

ERS- 2Radarsat- 1

Envisat


Classification (STARSTAR) SSystem: Sensor-based systems TTechnology

General SAR: amplitude only Advanced SAR: amplitude and phase

AApplication Land Ocean Cryosphere Atmosphere

RRecommended or Review Papers


SSystem: Mode-based

Target – the Earth or planets Vehicle – stationary, airborne, satellite, shuttle or spaceship Mode – monostatic or bistatic Carrier frequency – X, C, S, L, or P bands Polarisation – HH, VV, VH, HV (single-pol, dual-pol, full-pol) Imaging mode – strip, scan, spot

<examples> SIR-C/X-SAR: Earth, shuttle, monostatic, L/C/X, full-pol, strip. ERS-1/2: Earth, satellite, monostatic, C, VV, strip SRTM: Earth, shuttle, bistatic, C/X, HH/VV, strip Arecibo Antenna: planet, stationary, monostatic, multi-bands,

multi-pol, strip/spot Magellan, Cassini SAR: planet, spaceship, monostatic, S, HH, strip AIRSAR/TOPSAR: earth, airborne, mono/bi, L/C/P, full-pol, strip


SSystem: Vehicle-based Spaceborne SAR

1st Generation: Single frequency, polarization and mode. SEASAT-A (USA, 1978), SIR-A (USA, 1981), SIR-B (USA, 1984), SIR-C/X-

SAR (USA, Germany, Italy, 1994), ALMAZ-1 (Russia, 1991-1993), ERS-1(EU, 1991-2000), ERS-2 (EU, 1995-), JERS-1 (Japan, 1992-1998), Radarsat-1 (Canada, 1995-), SRTM (USA/Germany, 2000)

2nd Generation: Dual or quad-pol, multi-mode.ENVISAT (EU, 2002), RADARSAT-2 (Canada, 2005), PALSAR (Japan,

2005), TerraSAR(DLR, 2005), TanDEM-X (DLR, 2008) Next Generation: light, constellation, real-time earth observation

LightSAR (US), MicroSAR(EU), Military SAR systems Airborne SAR

TOPSAR (JPL, USA), IFSARE(ERIM/Intermap, USA), DO-SAR(Donier,Germany), E-SAR(DLR, Germany), AeS-1(Aerosensing, Germany), AER-II (FGAN, Germany), C/X-SAR (CCRS, Canada), EMISAR (Denmark), Ramses (ONERA, France), ESR (DERA, UK)

Planetary SAR Magellan (US, 1990-1994), Titan Radar Mapper (US, 1997-2004-), Arecibo

Antenna, Goldstone antenna


SSystem

Seasat ERS-1/2 Radarsat-1 Jers-1 Envisat Shuttle : SIR-A, SIR-B, SRTM Airborne Planetary: Radio Telescope, Magellan SAR, Cassini SAR Ground/ISAR: Ground-based SAR, Ship-borne SAR Simulated SAR: SAR Simulation ETC: Almaz, SAS, Receiving System, etc.


System

SEASAT7%

ERS-1/224%

Radarsat-17%

Shuttle9%

Airborne24%

Simulated SAR10%

ETC10%

Planetary1%

Ground/ISAR4%

JERS-13%

Envisat1%


TTechnology SAR Basics

SAR General: visual interpretation with SAR amplitude images SAR Algorithm: modeling, target detection, or parameter extraction SAR System/Processing: SAR focusing, speckle filter, calibration, new technology SAR Classification: Thematic Mapping, Feature extraction

Advanced Technology Radarclinometry: Shape-from-shading. Radargrammetry: Same-side or Opposite-side Stereo SAR. InSAR DEM: Interferometric SAR processing, Phase unwrapping, DEM generation. InSAR Coherence: Change detection, decorrelation, coherence estimation. DInSAR: Differential InSAR, Surface deformation. PSInSAR: Permanent Scatter InSAR. PolSAR: Polarimetric SAR, Classification, Decomposition. Pol-InSAR: Polarimetric and Interferometric SAR. Tomography: 3D modelling. ATI: Along Track Interferometry, target velocity extraction.


Technology

Radarclinometry0%

SAR General25%

SAR System/processing21%

SAR Algorithm24%

SAR Classification7%

InSAR Coherence2%

ATI1%

Pol-InSAR0%

PolSAR7%

PSInSAR1%

DInSAR4%

InSAR DEM6%

Radargrammetry2%

Tomography0%


Advanced Technology

Radargrammetry7%

InSAR DEM25%

InSAR Coherence8%

DInSAR18%

PSInSAR6%

PolSAR30%

Pol-InSAR1%

ATI3%

Tomography1% Radarclinometry

1%


AApplication

Land Terrestrial Research

Ocean Oceanic Research

Cryosphere: Arctic/Antaractic Research

Atmosphere atmospheric Research


Application

Land45%

Ocean32%

Cryosphere19%

Atmosphere4%


AApplication - Land Agriculture: Agricultural crop, vegetation, trees. Agricultural soil -> Soil. Archeology/Subsurface: Subsurface penetration, paleo-channel, landmine. Topography: DEM from InSAR, radargrammetry, and radarclinometry. Slope angle from PolSAR. Forestry: Forest, biomass, vegetation. forest fire, deforestation. Crop -> agriculture. Geology: Lithology, structural mapping, geomorphology, mineral exploration, lineament Geotectonics: Tectonic motion, subsidence, land slide, tectonic strain. Hydrology: Rivers. lakes, limnology, flood, snow, ice. Seismology: Earthquake displacement. Soil: Soil moisture, soil type (natural or agricultural) Volcanology: Volcanic morphology, swell, subsidence, lava flow, eruption. Urban/Manmade: Urban area mapping. Target, building, power line detection. foliage/snow penetrating target detection. Thematic Mapping: Land cover of composite surface. Classification of various surface type


Application - Land

Forestry24%

Geology8%

Geotectonics6%

Hydrology14%

Seismology5%

Soil10%

Volcanology3%

TM4%

Agriculture8%

Urban/Manmade8%

Topography8%

Archaeology/subsurface2%


AApplication – Ocean Wind: Wind speed and direction measurement from capillary or gravity wave

by backscattering coefficient. Comparison study with scatterometer. Surface Wave: Wave caused by wind, bathymetry, etc. wave spectra. The wav

es visible in SAR resolution. Internal Wave: surface imprint of internal wave. Current: Eddies, upwelling, current, frontal system Bathymetry: subwater topography from wind/wave/tide pattern. Slick: Oil slick, biological film Ship: Ship detection, ship wake Intertidal/Coastal: Intertidal zone, coastal zone. but tidal wave -> surface wa

ve

Ocean surface imprint of atmospheric wave or front -> atmosphere


Application - Ocean

Wind11%

Surface Wave46%

Internal Wave8%

Current9%

Bathymetry4%

Slick7%

Ship Detection4%

ETC7%

Intertidal/Coast4%


AApplication - Cryosphere

Glaciers: Glacier motion, Glacier snow cover, Glacier retreat/expansion.

Sea Ice: Sea ice type, first year ice, multi-year ice, pressure ridge, lead, polynya, floe, Iceberg, sea ice snow cover.

Ice Sheet/Ice Shelf: Continental ice cap, ice stream, ice sheet motion, topography, hinge-line of ice shelf, snow on ice sheet/ice shelf.

Snow over sea ice, glaciers, ice sheet/Ice shelf -> Cryosphere. Snow and ice on non-polar region -> Land-Hydrology.


Application - Cryosphere

Glacier18%

Sea Ice66%

Ice Shelf/Ice Sheet14%

ETC2%


AApplication – Atmosphere

SAR Amplitude: Weather systems imprinted on ocean surface. Storm, rain, wind, weather front, atmospheric lee wave, marine atmospheric boundary layer, vortex, solitons, atmospheric gravity wave.

SAR Phase: atmospheric delay or refraction of radar signal by water vapour, ionosphere, etc.


Application - Atmosphere

amplitude71%

phase delay29%


RRecommended or Review Papers Selected during 1st and 2nd Classification Procedure Recommended by AdCom Members Recommended by SAR Census

Will be presented as Appendix

Classification AdCom Census

Selection


Internet CensusInternet Census for SAR Application Policy Study

1-31 Oct. 2005

RS/GIS Lab, KNU (sar.kangwon.ac.kr)

KARI (krsc.kari.re.kr)

Thank You

SAR Application Policy Study : Analysis of SAR-Related Journal Papers Hoonyol Lee Department of...

Documents

Transcript of SAR Application Policy Study : Analysis of SAR-Related Journal Papers Hoonyol Lee Department of...