Hoonyol Lee, Jae-Hee Lee Kangwon National University, Korea
-
Upload
sumitra-chetan -
Category
Documents
-
view
37 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Hoonyol Lee, Jae-Hee Lee Kangwon National University, Korea
An Experiment of GB-SAR Interferometric An Experiment of GB-SAR Interferometric Measurement of Target Displacement and Measurement of Target Displacement and
Atmospheric CorrectionAtmospheric Correction
Hoonyol Lee, Jae-Hee Lee Hoonyol Lee, Jae-Hee Lee Kangwon National University, KoreaKangwon National University, Korea
Seong-Jun Cho, Nak-Hoon Sung, Jung-Ho KimSeong-Jun Cho, Nak-Hoon Sung, Jung-Ho KimKorea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral ResourcesKorea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources
IGARSS2008, Boston, MA, USA
Introduction• GB-SAR: Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar
– “Synthetic Aperture Radar”• Imaging Radar• Azimuth aperture synthesis
– “Ground-Based”• Fairly versatile system configuration
– Multiple frequency (L, C, X, Ku, Ka, etc)– Full Polarization (VV, VH, HV, HH)
• Ultimate SAR focusing– Zero Doppler centroid (stationary vehicle and target during Tx/Rx)– Accurate estimation of Doppler rate from geometry
• Topography Mapping: Cross-Track InSAR• Surface Motion: Zero-baseline and short atmospheric path for high temporal
coherency, DInSAR• Useful for new SAR concept design
• GB-SAR Activities– EU and Japan for avalanche, landslide, glacier, building monitoring
GB-SAR System
< Example >Center frequency : 5.3 GHz
Range bandwidth : 600 MHz Range resolution: 25 cmNumber of points : 1601Maximum Range: 200 m Azimuth length : 5 m Azimuth Step : 5 cm Azimuth Resolution: 0.32 degreeAzimuth width: 32 degree Power : 33 dBmPolarization: Full
SAR Focusing Algorithms
Algorithms Advantage Disadvantage Usage
Range-Doppler or ω-k
Widely used for SAR
Memory inefficiency for partial-focusing
Near Range
(full-focusing)
Deramp-FFTEfficient in
memory and CPU time
Distortion in near range
Far Range
(partial-focusing)
Time Domain Exact everywhere Time consuming Everywhere
DF vs RD (outdoor)
(a) DF algorithm (2MB Memory)
(b) DF algorithm (geocoded) (b) RD algorithm (128MB Memory)
GB-SAR Resolutions
(a) Full Focusing (Region IV) (b) Partial Focusing (Region I)
2
ResolutionAzimuth
aLx
MHz) 600for cm (252
Resolution Range
BB
cR
band)-C m, 5for 3.0(
2,
2
ResolutionAzimuth
X
XX
Rx
Cross-Track and Delta-f InSAR (T4-T2)
Vertical baseline of 30 cm, Carrier frequency shift of -10MHz
VVVVVV
System Phase Errors
Ideal CaseA6-A5, HH
Azimuth scan shift of 2cm. A9-A1, HH
Range System Shift of 2mm
Temporal Coherence
Temporal Coherence of 9 acquisitions for 2 hours.
Color scheme: black (0) to white (0.9), blue (0.9) to red (1)
Measurement of Target DisplacementMeasurement of Target Displacement
2007. 7. 18 3pm ~ 7pm2007. 7. 18 3pm ~ 7pm
Precise Motion of the Trihedral Corner Reflector (160m away from the system)
↑ Radar
Direction
A trihedral corner reflector on top of an acrylic plate with rulers on both sides
Displacements toward GB-SAR:
1, 6, 10, 30, and 40 mm
GB-SAR Interferometry in a Non-Dispersive Medium
• GB-SAR phase in a medium:
n = refractive index λ = wavelength R = range
• Displacement sensitivity of phase:
ex) -12.72 degree/mm for C-band when n = 1 (vacuum)
4
Rn
4Rn
Refractive Index
• n is a spatio-temporal function of temperature, pressure and humidity (Pipia et al., 2008).
n = n (T, P, h)
• Among them humidity has the strongest influence on n (Noferini et al., 2005).
n = n (h)
Atmospheric Correction Algorithm
• Strong linear trend between phase/range and humidity
• Atmospheric correction algorithm:
4/ R n ah b
Regression Coefficients
a b
Total -4.32×10-4 2.06×10-2
HH -4.54×10-4 2.18×10-2
VV -4.70×10-4 2.24×10-2
VH -3.93×10-4 1.88×10-2
HV -4.20×10-4 2.00×10-2
4/ (47% 58%)R n ah b h
RMS Errors
Before Correction (mm)
Total Correction (mm)
Each-pol. Correction (mm)
HH 1.560 0.188 0.219
VV 1.124 0.482 0.618
VH 0.764 0.918 0.783
HV 1.446 0.488 0.471
Comparison with Pipia et al., 2008
• Pipia et al., 2008– X-band (9.65GHz) GB-SAR system– HH polarization– Temp: 21°C– Humidity: 44 ~ 59%
• Our algorithm in HH polarization at 52% humidity (average of Pipia et al.) is:
33.30 10 R
31.85 10 R
Wavelength Dependency of Phase Delay
• n is constant over the wide range of electromagnetic spectrum (non-dispersive).
• Phase delay is inversely proportional to wavelength.
• Gradient ratio between X and C-band: 1.78
• Wavelength ratio between C and X-band: 1.82
4
Rn
So, what’s the point?
• Merely 11% of the humidity change (47%-58%) between two C-band SAR observations may cause:– a DInSAR-error of 3 mm at 200 m range,– a satellite DInSAR-error of 3 cm (one fringe)
assuming 2 km range propagation through the tropospheric thick moist zone
– 1.5mm DInSAR-error between near-range and far-range (100 m path difference for 2 km lower troposphere) for Envisat IS2
• Care should be taken of when we try to seek a geophysical meaning of one or two fringes.
2 km thick moist layer
Satellite SAR
Conclusion
• We made a SAR system capable of highly accurate consecutive measurements.
• GB-SAR displacement measurement have shown 2-3 mm error with moisture change of 11% (47-58%) at 160 m range.
• Phase/Range vs humidity showed highly linear trend, resulting in a simple atmospheric correction algorithm in terms of humidity.
• Comparison with an X-band experiment (Pipia et al., 2008) confirmed the non-dispersive nature of microwave.
• Merely 11% moisture change both in time and space, for example, is enough to generate one or two fringes for satellite-based InSAR applications.