SAP Penetration Test Framework

sap security, sap pentest, sap pentesting, sap pt, sap security assessment, sap vulnerability assessment, sap insecurity, sap vulnerabilities, sap vulnerability, sap defense, hardening sap, sap hardening, protecting sap

SAP Penetration Testing & Defense In-DepthMariano Nuez Di [email protected]

October 2-3, 2008 Ekoparty, Buenos Aires - Argentina

Copyright 2008 CYBSEC. All rights reserved. reserved.

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Who is CYBSEC ?Provides Information Security services since 1996. More than 300 customers, located in LatinAmerica, USA and Europe. Wide range of services: Strategic Management, Operation Management, Control Management, Incident Management, PCI Services, SAP Security.

SAP & CYBSECMember of the SAP Global Security Alliance (GSA). Has been working with SAP (Walldorf) since 2005. Provides specific SAP security services (Penetration Testing, Secure Architecture Design, Secure Configuration, )

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Who am I?Senior Security Researcher at CYBSEC. Devoted to Penetration Testing and Vulnerability Research. Discovered vulnerabilities in Microsoft, Oracle, SAP, Watchfire, Speaker/Trainer at Blackhat, Sec-T, Hack.lu, DeepSec, Ekoparty, CIBSI,

SAP & MeStarted researching in 2005. SAP Pentesting projects (customers). Discovered more than 40 vulnerabilities in SAP software. Published Attacking the Giants: Exploiting SAP Internals. Developed sapyto, the first SAP Penetration Testing Framework. CYBSECs SAP (In)Security Training instructor.3

Agenda 2008

AgendaIntroduction to the SAP World Why SAP Penetration Testing? PenTest Setup SAP PenTesting Discovery Phase Exploration Phase Vulnerability Assessment Phase Exploitation Phase Case Study: SAProuter Security Assessment Conclusions

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Introduction to the SAP WorldBasic concepts for deep knowledge

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Introduction to the SAP World 2008

So what is SAP? SoSAP (Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing) is a german company devoted to the development of business solutions. More than 41.600 customers in more than 120 countries. More than 121.000 SAP implementations around the globe. Third biggest independent software vendor (ISV). Provides different solutions: CRM, ERP, PLM, SCM, SRM, GRC, Business One, The ERP solution is composed of different functional modules (FI, CO, SD, HR, MM, etc) that implements organization business processes. Modules are linked together, integrated by the Netweaver platform. SAP runs on multiple Operating Systems and Databases.6


SAP Basic ConceptsInstance & System An instance is an administrative entity which groups related components of an SAP system, providing one or more services. Systems are identified by SAP System ID (SID). System (instance) parametrization is done in Profiles.

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SAP Basic ConceptsClient Legally and organizationally independent unit in an SAP system (company group, business unit, corporation). Identified by a three-digit number. Default clients: 000, 001 and 066. Transaction Related secuence of steps (dialog steps) aimed to perform an operation in the SAP database. Identified by a transaction code (ej: SU01, SE16, FK01, PA20,)

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SAP Basic ConceptsABAP ABAP is the SAP high-level programming language used to develop business applications. Reports / Programs ABAP programs that receive user input and produce a report in the form of an interactive list. Function Modules Independent ABAP modules. Can be called locally or remotely. The RFC (Remote Function Call) Interface Used to call function modules on remote systems.9


SAP Basic ConceptsThe Authorization Concept (Simplified) Users are asigned roles/profiles. Each profile contains a set of Authorization objects. When a user tries to perform an activity, the required authorization objects are checked against users authorization objects (user buffer). Controlled Activities: Starting Transactions (S_TCODE) Accessing Tables (S_TABU_DIS) Starting Programs (S_PROGRAM) Calling RFC Function Modules (S_RFC) Authorization checks can also be done programatically, through the AUTHORITY_CHECK clause.10


Some Low-level Knowledge Low-levelSAP_ALL profile = SAP God. Many other profiles may enable a user become a god too. Each SAP System uses its own Database. SAP processes run under the adm or SAPService user accounts. Connections to the Database are done with the same UID. No authorization at this level Direct access to the Database means full SAP compromise! Connections between systems often based on Trust Relationships (r* services). Many customers interfaces are implemented through FTP (cleartext, usually weak passwords).11

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Why SAP Penetration Testing?Or why You and your CFO should care

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Why SAP Penetration Testing? 2008

Why do you Need an SAP Penetration Test?The new SAP system must be running on October 3rd, no excuses.

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Why do you Need an SAP Penetration Test?But we havent secured the systems yetyou know, there is something called Security The new SAP system must be running on October 3rd, no excuses.

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Why do you Need an SAP Penetration Test?But we havent secured the systems yetyou know, there is something called Security Security? Hmmis it French? I dont care Business *must* go on! The new SAP system must be running on October 3rd, no excuses.

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Why do you Need an SAP Penetration Test?But we havent secured the systems yetyou know, there is something called Security Security? Hmmis it French? I dont care But we should take care of User authorizations to Business *must* go on! prevent frauds! The new SAP system must be running on October 3rd, no excuses.

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Why do you Need an SAP Penetration Test?But we havent secured the systems yetyou know, there is something called Security Security? Hmmis it French? I dont care But we should take care of User authorizations to Business *must* go on! prevent frauds! Just give everyone full access(SAP_ALL)

The new SAP system must be running on

October 3rd, no excuses.

for three months,

then well lock it down

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Why do you Need an SAP Penetration Test?But we havent secured the systems yetyou know, there is something called Security Security? Hmmis it French? I dont care But we should take care of User authorizations to Business *must* go on! prevent frauds! Just give everyone full access OK(SAP_ALL)



for three months,


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Why do you Need an SAP Penetration Test?But we havent secured the systems yetyou know, there is something called Security Security? Hmmis it French? I dont care But we should take care of User authorizations to Business *must* go on! prevent frauds! Just @#-*!#&$%!! give everyone full access OK(SAP_ALL)



for three months,


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Why do you Need an SAP Penetration Test? (cont.)CFO Mistake: CFOs Mistake:Alert

Weak SAP Security configuration can definitely result in Business Frauds!guy Mistake: Security guys Mistake:Alert

SAP Security is much (*much*) more than User roles and authorizations!20


Why do you Need an SAP Penetration Test? (Wrap up)Security configurations of SAP systems are usually left by default. By default, many configurations are not secure. Conclusion: Many SAP implementations are not secure! Is yours secure? A Penetration Test to these systems will help you know how your SAP implementation can be attacked and which is the real impact of this. It will help you discover the weaknesses, secure them, and increase the security level of your systems (a.k.a decrease fraud risk). In this talk, well see some of the activities that make up the different phases of an SAP Penetration Testing (no way of covering them all).21

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PenTest SetupBefore we begin

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PenTest Setup 2008

PreparationWhat do you need? The Shopping List sapyto nmap r* tools (rsh, rlogin, rexec) SQL client tools NFS client tools SMB client & security tools BurpSuite / w3af Nessus john (patched) hydra

Try to get as much information as possible about target platforms, usage and policies before starting the assessment. Remember that everthing that breaks while you are pentesting *will* be your fault (even if someone breaks his leg).23

sapyto 2008

sapytoFirst SAP Penetration Testing Framework. Support for activities in all phases of the pentest. Open-source (and free). Plugin based. Developed in Python and C. Version 0.93 released at Blackhat Europe 07.

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sapyto 2008

Available Plugins in sapyto v0.93Audit: RFC Ping. Registration of External Servers. Detection of RFCEXEC. Detection of SAPXPG. Get system information. Get server documentation. Attack: RFC_START_PROGRAM Dir Traversal. Run commands through RFCEXEC. Run commands through SAPXPG. StickShell. Evil Twin Attack. Get remote RFCShell.

Tools: RFC Password Obfuscator / De-obfuscator.

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sapyto 2008

News! Hot News! sapyto v0.98Core and architecture fully re-built. Based on connectors. The SAPRFC* connectors and the RFCSDK. Plugins are now categorized in Discovery, Audit and Exploit. Discovery plugins find new targets. Audit plugins carry out the vulnerability assessments. Exploit plugins are used as proof of concepts for discovered vulns. sapytoAgents deployment. New plugins for auditing SAProuters, find clients, bruteforcing,

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Discovery PhaseFinding SAP targets

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Discovery Phase 2008

Discovering SAP Systems and Applications (Targets)Available Options: Traffic sniffing. SAP portscanning. Checking SAPGUI configurations. SAP Systems use a fixed range of ports. Most ports follows the PREFIX + SYS. NUMBER format. Common ports: 32XX, 33XX, 36XX, 39XX, 3299, 81XX, Nmap: Watch Timings (-T3) and dont use version detection. New sapyto will provide automatic discovery of SAP systems and configuration of targets/connectors for auditing!28

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Exploration PhaseGetting as much information as possible

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Exploration Phase 2008

Getting Information from SAP Application ServersThe RFC_SYSTEM_INFO function module returns information about remote SAP Application Servers (implemented in sapytos sapinfo plugin) Can be called remotely (and anonymously) by default. [5]sapinfo(target#0) { Remote System Information: RFC Log Version: 011 Release Status of SAP System: 700 Kernel Release: 700 Operating System: Linux Database Host: sapl01 Central Database System: ORACLE Integer Format: Little Endian Dayligth Saving Time: Float Type Format: IEEE Hostame: sapl01 IP Address: 192.168.3.4 System ID: TL1 RFC Destination: sapl01_TL1_00 Timezone: -18000 (diff from UTC in seconds) Character Set: 4103 Machine ID: 390

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Getting Information from SAP Application ServersThe RFC_SYSTEM_INFO function module returns information about remote SAP Application Servers (implemented in sapytos sapinfo plugin) Can be called remotely (and anonymously) by default. [5]sapinfo(target#0) { Remote System Information: Protection / RFC Log Version: 011 Countermeasure Release Status of SAP System: 700 Kernel Release: 700 Restrict connections to the SAP Gateway at the network level. Operating System: Linux Database Host: sapl01 For more information, refer to SAP Note 931252. Central Database System: ORACLE Integer Format: Little Endian Dayligth Saving Time: Float Type Format: IEEE Hostame: sapl01 IP Address: 192.168.3.4 System ID: TL1 RFC Destination: sapl01_TL1_00 Timezone: -18000 (diff from UTC in seconds) Character Set: 4103 Machine ID: 390

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Finding Available ClientsUsers are client-dependent. Default clients: 000, 001, 066.

getClients(target#0) Client 000 is Client 001 is Client 066 is Client 101 is Client 200 is } res: Ok

{ available. available. available. available. available.32


Analyzing Shared ResourcesThe Common Transport Directory (CTD) is the directory where changes (transports) are exported to and imported from in an SAP landscape. This directory must be shared for all systems in the landscape. It is often the case, where the kernel files and profiles are shared to dialog instances.$ showmount e sapserver /export/usr/sap/trans /export/sapmnt/NP1 /export/informix/NP1 /export/interfacesNP1 /export/interfsrcNP1 (everyone) (everyone) (everyone) (everyone) (everyone)

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Analyzing Shared ResourcesThe Common Transport Directory (CTD) is the directory where changes (transports) are exported to and imported from in an SAP landscape. This directory must be shared for all systems in the landscape. It is often the case, where the kernel files and profiles are shared to Protection / Countermeasure dialog instances.Shared resource access should be restricted to SAP $ showmount e sapserver related systems and users only. /export/usr/sap/trans (everyone) /export/sapmnt/NP1 (everyone) /export/informix/NP1 (everyone) /export/interfacesNP1 (everyone) /export/interfsrcNP1 (everyone)

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Vulnerability Assesment PhaseAnalyzing the discovered components

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Vulnerability Assessment Phase 2008

SAP Default UsersThere is public information regarding the existence of default SAP user accounts. Many of these accounts are configured with high privileged profiles.User ID SAP* DDIC EARLYWATCH SAPCPIC Description Super user ABAP Dictionary super user User for the EarlyWatch Service Communication User Clients 000,001, 066 new clients 000,001 066 000, 001 Password 06071992 PASS 19920706 SUPPORT ADMIN

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SAP Default UsersThere is public information regarding the existence of default SAP user accounts. Many of these accounts are configured with high privileged profiles.User ID SAP* DDIC Description Clients Protection / Countermeasure Super user 000,001, 066 Default users must be secured. new clientsSAP*ABAP Dictionary super should be deactivated.

Password 06071992 PASS 19920706 SUPPORT ADMIN

000,001 066 000, 001

user Use report RSUSR003 to check the status of default users. EARLYWATCH SAPCPIC User for the EarlyWatch Service Communication User

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SAP User Account BruteforcingUsernames are up to 12 characters long. As part of the PenTest, you can try guessing/cracking user credentials.Old Passwords ( 6.40) Max. Length Case 8 Insensitive New Passwords (> 6.40) 40 Sensitive

WARNING! User locking is implemented! (usually, between 3-12 tries) Ops! In versions 6.20, lock counter is not incremented through RFC. sapytos bruteLogin plugin can work in different modes: Try default users only and SAP*:PASS in detected clients. Specific credentials wordlist. Username and Password wordlists.38


Getting Credentials from the Wire RFC SniffingRFC (Remote Function Call) is the most widely used interface in the SAP world. In order for a system to connect through RFC, it must provide login information for the remote system. RFC is clear-text, but you wont be able to see the password in the wire Password is obfuscated! -> Use sapytos getPassword plugin... 01a0 01b0 01c0 01d0 01e0 01f0 0200 0210 0220 0230 0240 0250 0260 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 05 14 00 10 5f 22 ea 45 5e 22 c5 10 e1 00 00 00 c0 a8 02 8b 05 14 01 30 00 0a 72 66 63 5f 73 65 72 76 65 72 01 30 01 11 00 06 42 43 55 53 45 52 01 11 01 17 00 0b 81 bb 89 62 fc b5 3e 70 07 6e 79 01 17 01 14 00 03 30 30 30 01 14 01 15 00 01 45 01 15 05 01 00 01 01 05 01 05 02 00 00 05 02 00 0b 00 03 36 34 30 00 0b 01 02 00 0e 5a 43 55 53 54 5f 47 45 54 4d 4f 4e 45 59 01 02 05 14 00 10 5f 22 ea 45 5e 22 c5 10 e1 00 00 00 c0 a8 02 8b 05 14 02 01 00 09 43 4c 49 45 4e 54 5f 49 44 02 01 02 03 00 08 43 55 53 54 30 30 31 00 02 03 ff ff 00 00 ff ff 00 00 01 c7 00 00 3e 80 ..........._".E^ ".............0. .rfc_server.0... .BCUSER......... b..?w.oy......00 0......E........ ...........640.. ....ZCUST_GETMON EY......_".E^".. ..............CL IENT_ID......CUS T001............ ...>.

for CHAR in CLEAR_TEXT_PASS: OBFUSCATED_PASS[i] = CHAR

XOR

KEY[i]

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Getting Credentials from the Wire RFC SniffingRFC (Remote Function Call) is the most widely used interface in the SAP world. In order for a system to connect through RFC, it must provide login information for the remote system. RFC is clear-text, but/ Countermeasure to see the password in the you wont be able Protection wire Password is obfuscated! -> Use the confidentiality and integrity of Enable SNC, protecting sapytos getPassword pluginthe traffic.... 01a0 01b0 01c0 01d0 01e0 01f0 0200 0210 0220 0230 0240 0250 0260 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 05 14 00 10 5f 22 ea 45 5e 22 c5 10 e1 00 00 00 c0 a8 02 8b 05 14 01 30 00 0a 72 66 63 5f 73 65 72 76 65 72 01 30 01 11 00 06 42 43 55 53 45 52 01 11 01 17 00 0b 81 bb 89 62 fc b5 3e 70 07 6e 79 01 17 01 14 00 03 30 30 30 01 14 01 15 00 01 45 01 15 05 01 00 01 01 05 01 05 02 00 00 05 02 00 0b 00 03 36 34 30 00 0b 01 02 00 0e 5a 43 55 53 54 5f 47 45 54 4d 4f 4e 45 59 01 02 05 14 00 10 5f 22 ea 45 5e 22 c5 10 e1 00 00 00 c0 a8 02 8b 05 14 02 01 00 09 43 4c 49 45 4e 54 5f 49 44 02 01 02 03 00 08 43 55 53 54 30 30 31 00 02 03 ff ff 00 00 ff ff 00 00 01 c7 00 00 3e 80 ..........._".E^ ".............0. .rfc_server.0... .BCUSER......... b..?w.oy......00 0......E........ ...........640.. ....ZCUST_GETMON EY......_".E^".. ..............CL IENT_ID......CUS T001............ ...>.

for CHAR in CLEAR_TEXT_PASS: OBFUSCATED_PASS[i] = CHAR

XOR

KEY[i]

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Analysis of the RFC InterfaceRFC Communication is done through the Gateway Service. The GW can connect with external RFC servers: Registered Servers: The external system registers to the GW under a Program ID. Started Servers: The GW connects to a remote system and starts a program (trust?)

By exploiting Registered Servers caveats, it may be possible to obtain confidential information, DoS, perform RFC MITM and callback attacks. By exploiting Started Servers vulnerabilities, it may be possible to obtain remote code execution on misconfigured Application Servers.(check the Attacking the Giants: Exploiting SAP Internals white-paper)41

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Exploitation PhaseGetting access and beyond

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Exploitation Phase 2008

But why do we need Exploitation anyway? ButVulnerability Assessments reports enumerate discovered vulnerabilities with the associated risk estimate. A security aware individual would easily see the problems. But, what about the people from the Financial areas? For them to get involved, they need to see the facts! You must show them how their information can be compromised -> screenshots, livedemosVulnerability Assessments are 2D, Exploitation adds a new Dimension.

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SAP Password Considerations & CrackingSAP has implemented different password hashing mechanisms. Passwords hashes are stored in table USR02 (BCODE, PASSCODE) and USH02.Code Vers. A B C D E F G Description Obsolete Based on MD5, 8 characters, Uppercase, ASCII Not implemented Based on MD5, 8 characters, Uppercase, UTF-8 Reserved Based on SHA1, 40 characters, Case Insensitive, UTF-8 Code Version F + Code Version B (2 hashes)

On June 26 2008, a patch for John The Ripper for CODVN B and F was published.44


SAP Password Considerations & CrackingSAP has implemented different password hashing mechanisms. Passwords hashes are stored in table USR02 (BCODE, PASSCODE) and USH02.Code Vers. Description Protection / Countermeasure A Obsolete B Based on MD5, 8 characters, Uppercase, ASCII Access to tables USR02 and USH02 should be protected. C Not implemented Password security should be enforced through profile D Based on MD5, 8 characters, Uppercase, UTF-8 configuration (login/* parameters). E Reserved Table USR40 can be used to protect from trivial passwords. F Based refer to SAP Note 1237762. For more information, on SHA1, 40 characters, Case Insensitive, UTF-8 G Code Version F + Code Version B (2 hashes)

On June 26, a patch for John The Ripper for CODVN B and F was published.45


Exploiting SAP/Oracle Authentication MechanismDiscovered by me in 2007. Discovered by Jochen Hein in 2003 (Doh!) Target: Default SAP/Oracle installations.

The SAP+Oracle Authentication MechanismSAP connects to the database as the OPS$ (eg: OPS$adm). Retrieves user and password from table SAPUSER. Re-connects to the database, using the retrieved credentials.

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Exploiting SAP/Oracle Authentication MechanismThere is a special Oracle configuration parameter named REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT. If set to TRUE, Oracle trusts that the remote system has authenticated the user used for the SQL connection (!) The user is created as indentified externally in the Oracle database. Oracle recommendation: remote_os_authent = false SAP default and necessary configuration: remote_os_authent = true What do you need? Database host/port. SAP System ID. Oracle Instance ID ( = SAPSID?)

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Exploiting SAP/Oracle Authentication MechanismThere is a special Oracle configuration parameter named REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT. If set to TRUE, Oracle trusts that the remote system has authenticated the user used for the SQL connection (!) The user is created as indentified externally in the Oracle database. Protection / Countermeasure Oracle recommendation: remote_os_authent = false SAP default and necessary configuration: remote_os_authent = true Restrict who can connect to the Oracle listener: What do you need?tcp.validnode_checking = yes = (192.168.1.102, )

tcp.invited_nodes Database host/port.

SAP System ID. Oracle Instance ID ( = SAPSID?)

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Exploiting Weak RFC Interface SecurityPossible in default configuration of SAP Systems. Allows for unauthenticated remote code execution. Starting EXPLOIT plugins ---------------------------weakRFC(target#1) { Creating new SHELL object... SHELL object created. ID: 536 } res: Ok sapyto> shells sapyto/shells> list Shell ID: 536 [RFCShell] Target information: Connector: SAPRFC_EXT SAP Gateway Host: sapprd01 SAP Gateway Service: 3300 ... ... sapyto/shells> start 536 Starting shell #536 RFCShell - Run commands through RFC. The remote target OS is: Win.NET. sapyto/shells/536> run whoami Call successfull. Command output: prdadm sapyto/shells/536>

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Exploiting Weak RFC Interface SecurityPossible in default configuration of SAP Systems. Allows for unauthenticated remote code execution. Protection / Countermeasure Starting EXPLOIT plugins ---------------------------weakRFC(target#1) { Starting of External Creating new SHELL object...through the file RFC Servers is controlled SHELL object created. ID: 536 res: Ok specified by}the gw/sec_info profile parameter. sapyto> shells sapyto/shells> list This file should exist and restrict access to allowed systems Shell ID: 536 [RFCShell] Target the Application Servers. to start specific programs ininformation: Connector: SAPRFC_EXT The gw/reg_info fileSAP Gateway Host: sapprd01 protects Registered Servers and should SAP Gateway Service: 3300 be configured as well. ... ...

For more information, refer to SAP Note 618516.sapyto/shells> start 536 Starting shell #536 RFCShell - Run commands through RFC. The remote target OS is: Win.NET. sapyto/shells/536> run whoami Call successfull. Command output: prdadm sapyto/shells/536>

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Case Study: SAProuter Security Assessment

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Case Study: SAProuter Security Assessment 2008

SAProuter IntroductionSAProuter is an SAP program working as a proxy, which analyzes connections between SAP systems and between SAP systems and external networks.Typical SAProuter ArchitectureInternal Network External User Other Internal Systems Internet DEV QAS PRDIntraWeb

SSH Server

SAProuter Border FW

Internal Users

Mainframe

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SAProuter IntroductionIf SAProuter is in place, clients have to specify a route string to connect.

/H/saprouter/S/3299/H/sapprd1/S/3200

Access in controlled through an ACL file called Route Permission Table. Entry format:P/S/D src_host dst_host dst_port pwd

First-match criteria. In no match, deny connection.53


The Route Permission TableRoute Permission Table Example:D P S D host1 192.168.1.* 10.1.*.* * host2 host2 10.1.2.* * serviceX * * * * pass123

Route Permission Table in the real life:D P S P host1 192.168.1.* 10.1.*.* * host2 host2 10.1.2.* * serviceX * * * *54

pass123


SAProuter Security Assessment with sapytoThe saprouterSpy plugin Performs Internal Network port-scan. Discovers new targets through SAProuter and configure them for auditing by other plugins.

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SAProuter Security Assessment: sapytoAgents Assessment:Native Routing SAPRouter also supports the routing of native protocols. Useful for remote administration of Operating Systems, DB, etc. Certain limitations apply. saprouterAgent plugin deploys a sapytoAgent, which can be used to proxy native connections (HTTP, SSH, Telnet, etc) to internal systems.

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SAProuter IntroductionSAProuter is an SAP program working as a proxy, which analyzes connections between SAP systems and between SAP systems and external networks.Protection / CountermeasureTypical SAProuter Architecture

SAProuter should be implemented in a separate DMZ. Use VPNs and/or restrict connections at the border Firewall. specific targets and ports. SNC should be required.Internet DEV QAS PRDIntraWeb

Internal Network

External User The Route Permission Table should restrict access only to allowed parties, to Other Internal Systems

Entries containing wildcards (*) are discouraged and should be carefully analyzed.

SSH Server

SAProuter Border FW

Internal Users

Mainframe

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ConclusionsWrapping up

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Conclusions 2008

ConclusionsIts impossible to cover all the activities of an SAP Pentest in a one hour talk! SAP systems deal with sensitive business information and processes. The integrity, confidentiality and availability of this information is critical. SAP systems security is often overlooked during the implementation phase, in order to avoid business delays. SAP security is much more than User Roles/Profiles and Authorizations! By default, some configurations would expose the systems to high risk threats. SAP provides many ways to secure systems and communications. Administrators should enable security settings as soon as possible. Pentesting your SAP systems will let you know the current security level of your implementation (and show your managers why you need resources to secure it :P ) CYBSECs sapyto supports activities of all phases of the project. SAP Penetration Tests should be carried out in controlled environments, performed by qualified experts in the subject.59

References 2008

ReferencesAttacking the Giants: Exploiting SAP Internals White-paperhttp://www.cybsec.com/upload/bh-eu-07-nunez-di-croce-WP_paper.pdf

John The Ripper Patch for SAP hasheshttp://marc.info/?l=john-users&m=121444075820309&w=2

sapytohttp://www.cybsec.com/EN/research/sapyto.php

CYBSECs SAP Security Serviceshttp://www.cybsec.com/EN/services/SAP_security.php

SAP Note 931252 - Security Note: Authority Check for Function Group SRFC. SAP Note 618516 - Security-related enhancement of RFCEXEC program. SAP Note 1237762 - ABAP systems: Protection against password hash attacks

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Questions?

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Thank you!

www.cybsec.com

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SAP Penetration Test Framework

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