Sanitation in Developing Countries

WWF5 – Session 2.1.4 on Sanitation – S. Bensaid - Istanbul - 19 March 2009WWF5 – Session 2.1.4 on Sanitation – S. Bensaid - Istanbul - 19 March 2009

Sanitation in Developing Countries

Samir BENSAIDInstitut int. de l’Eau & de l’Assainissement, IEA

ONEPMorocco

The Crisis is not a fatality


Sanitation in Developing CountriesAn Alarming Situation


Sanitation in Developing CountriesOff track the MDGs-related


Annual average costs of damage linked to environmental degradation (%GDP)

The Cost of Inaction


(Source Haller L.,Hutton G., Bartram J. (2004) Estimating the costs and health benefits of water and sanitation improvements at global level WHO Geneva)

Economic benefitsof Sanitation Improvement

1/2 Highcost-

benefit

average

5.5

Sub Saharian

Africa8.9

North Africa23.5


Economic benefitsof Sanitation Improvement

2/2

Specific IssueREUSE BenefitsIn addition of the economic benefits of REUSE linked to de-pollution,REUSE could provide an additional non conventional water resources (mainly in arid and semi-arid regions).

REUSE could be an ecological and sustainablealternative to Desalination


Major Obstacles to Sanitation Improvement

Sanitation crisis is above all due to the weakness of the Political Willas shown by limited resources allocated to the sector: Ignorance of Sanitation benefits

Lack in integration of sanitation within water programs Water: In contradiction with IWRM and with a sustainable development

Dilemma between the Relative « High costs » to implement an Action Plan for Sanitation due to the huge gap to fill by one hand and the unwillingness of the poor people to pay the service by the other hand: Who should pay for negligence in sanitation in the past?

Inadequate choices in term of approach and technology,

Lack of Capacity Building including awareness & communication


1. Setting Sanitation as a Priorityby Advocating “Right to Sanitation”

2. Integrating Financing programs for Water and Sanitation Responsibility of both governments and Donors

3. Subsidizing Sanitation through government budget. It’s not fair to make pay the mistakes of the past by only the water users

4. Fostering Public Operators as main tools for achieving MDG’ San. By Investing in Capacity Building and Sharing Common Knowledge (i.e PuP, WOP mechanisms, partnership SIAAP-ONEP, CENTA-ONEP…)

5. R&D for appropriate/sustainable Approaches & Technologies e.g. Sustainable Sanitation approaches enable the complete recoveryof all nutrients from faeces, urine and greywater to the benefit of agriculture, and the minimisation of water pollution

Major Key Issues For A Sustainable Strategy in Sanitation

SIAAP-ONEP

An exemplary

partnership


I- The relevant perimeter to manage Sanitation?

How to deal with the dilemma between:- Managing sanitation services by local authorities and- IWRM approach which is rather operated at a catchment level & involves different water using sectors

II- Stormwater Management

Flooding is becoming increasingly a huge problem, because it generates human, environmental & economic disasters even in developing countries cities

II- Public or Private management?

Specific Key Issues to Debate

« An extensive review of 22 empirical tests and 48 case studies on the « An extensive review of 22 empirical tests and 48 case studies on the effect of private sector participation in water services has been effect of private sector participation in water services has been conducted.This survey shows that private sector participation, per se, in conducted.This survey shows that private sector participation, per se, in water supply does not systematically lead to gains in efficiency »water supply does not systematically lead to gains in efficiency ».Ref. OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 265 - Mars 2008 - PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION & REGULATORY REFORM IN WATER SUPPLY: THE SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN EXPERIENCE.


Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attentionand your commentsand your comments

ContactContact

Samir BENSAIDSamir [email protected]

Sanitation in Developing Countries

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