SALT ANALYSIS.pptx

7/27/2019 SALT ANALYSIS.pptx

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QUALITATIVE SEMI MICRO ANALYSIS


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Analysis: It deals with the process of

detection of various components present

in a substance

Qualitative analysis: To identify thenature of the components

Quantitative analysis: To identify

the amount of the components


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MACRO ANALYSIS: Quantity of the substance is0.1 to 10grams

MICRO ANALYSIS: Quantity of the substance is

10 to 100 mg

SEMI MICRO ANALYSIS: Quantity of the substance is

1 to 10 mg


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1. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

2. ANALYSIS OF ANIONS

3. ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

Systematic Qualitative Semi micro Analysis


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Colour test: By observing the colour of the substance

we can predict the presence of some ionsEx. Light pink colour Mn+2

blue colour Cu+2 etc


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PHYSICAL STATE: Crystalline or Amorphous

COLOUR:

SOLUBILITY: Water soluble or water insoluble

FLAME TEST:

1. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION


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Flame test: Take little amount of salt in a watch

glass, add 2 to 3 drops of con. HCl and make it

as a paste, take small amount of the paste onthe loop of a platinum wire and introduce into

the side of the busen flame

Flame colorations

Barium (Ba+2 ) apple green

Strontium (Sr+2 ) crimson

red


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Classification of anions

I. Carbonate(CO3-2), Sulphite(SO3

-2), Sulphide (S-2)

II. Chloride (Cl-), Bromide(Br-), Iodide (I-)

III. Sulphate (SO4-2), Phosphate (PO4

-3).

IV. Nitrate (NO3-), Acetate (CH3COO

-)

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS


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ANALYSIS OF GROUP I ANIONS

Group reagentdil. HCl

Experiment: Take little amount of dry salt in a clean & dry test

tube, to this add few drops of dil. HCl.If first group anions are present you will observe a colourless gas

coming out with effervesces


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1. Colourles Odorless, gas turns

lime water into milky white

2. Colourless gas with burning

sulpher smell, turns the orangecoloured potassium dichromate

into green

3. Colourless gas with rotten egg

smell, turns lead acetate into black

Carbonate(CO3-2)

Sulphite(SO3-2)

Sulphide (S-2)

Observation and Inference


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ANALYSIS OF GROUP II ANIONS (wet test)

Group reagent

Silver Nitrate (AgNO3)

Take few drops of salt solution in a test tube and add

few drops of silver nitrate


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1. A curdy white ppt appears immediately,the ppt is soluble in ammonia and it will

be re obtained on adding dil. HNO3

2. A pale yellow colored ppt is formed,it is insoluble in ammonia.

3. A bright yellow coloured ppt is formed,

it is insoluble in ammonia

Chloride (Cl-)

Bromide(Br-)

Iodide (I-)



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ANALYSIS OF GROUP II ANIONS (dry test)

Group reagent con. H2SO4

Experiment: Take little amount of dry salt in a clean & dry test

tube, to this carefully add few drops of con. H2SO4


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1. A colourless gas with pungent smell,

which gives dense white fumes when a

rod dipped in ammonium hydroxide is

brought near the mouth of the test tube.

2. Reddish brown gas with a pungent

Odour is evolved

3. Violet vapours, which turn starch

paper blue and a layer of violetsublimate is formed on the sides of the

tube.

Chloride (Cl-)

Bromide(Br-)

Iodide (I-)



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ANALYSIS OF GROUP III ANIONS

Group reagentBarium-Calcium Nitrate (Barium nitrate &

Calcium nitrate)

Experiment: Take few drops of salt solution in a test tube andadd few drops of Barium-Calcium Nitrate reagent with

stirring


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A white precipitate is obtained whichremains undissolved after adding dil.

HCl and heating.

A white precipitate is obtained which

will get dissolved in dil. HCl

sulphate (SO4-2) ion

Phosphate (PO4-3)

ion



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ANALYSIS OF GROUP IV ANIONS

Test for Nitrate (NO3-) :

i) Brown ring test: Take few drops of salt solution in

a test tube and add few drops of freshly prepared

saturated ferrous sulphate solution and stir.

keep the test tube in inclined position and add

few drops of con.H2SO4 with a dropper slowly

along the side of the tube

A brown ring forms at the junction of two liquidsindicates the presence of Nitrate (NO3

-) ion


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Test for Acetate (CH3COO-

)

Experiment: Take few drops of salt solution in a test tube and add

few drops of neutral ferric chloride solution.

You observe deep red colouration on dilution and upon boiling a

brown coloured ppt will be formed. This indicates the presence of

Acetate (CH3COO-) ion


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ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

Classification of cations into groups

SALT ANALYSIS.pptx

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