Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species...
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Transcript of Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species...
![Page 1: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Salmon Species
ChinookAka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth”Largest of the seven speciesAverage 4-10 years at seaSpawn in main stem of rivers
![Page 2: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chum SalmonAka Dog salmon2nd largest of the salmon species2-6 years at seaSpawn in lower tidal stretches
![Page 3: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Silver SalmonAka Coho3rd largest of the seven species2-3 years at seaSpawn in upper reaches of rivers
![Page 4: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Pink Salmon1-2 years at seaReturn to rivers only in odd numbered years (in Washington)3-5 lbs
![Page 5: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Steelhead SalmonSpring Spawner both a summer run and winter runSpawn in fast flowing upper reaches
![Page 6: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cutthroat trout (salmon)Coastal fishMigrates to estuaries and spawns in upper reachesSmallest of the seven species
![Page 7: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sockeyeaka “Blueback” or “Kokanee” or “Red Salmon”Must spawn in river systems that have lakes (e.g. Lake Quinault)5-8 pounds
![Page 8: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Salmon LifecycleAnadromous—salmon are born in fresh water—migrate to ocean to grow& return to their stream of origin to reproduce. Semelparity—die after spawning
1.Egg Stage• Freshwater• Gravel• Need O2
2. Alevin Stage•Freshwater•Yolk sac contains proteins/carbs/fats
![Page 10: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3. Fry Stage•Emerge from gravel and are active feeders•Parr marks are forms of camouflage
Coho Fry
Chinook Fry
Steelhead Fry
![Page 11: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
4. SmoltSalmon spends time as a juvenile in the marine estuary Preparing it’s body to transition from a freshwater environment to a saltwater environment. This transitioning process is called smoltification. Notice the loss of their parr marks.
![Page 12: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
5. Ocean AdultSalmon puts on size depending on 3 factors:•Length of time in the ocean •Genetics•Ocean conditions
6. Returning AdultSalmon use chemoreceptors to find home streamAll rivers/streams have their own unique chemical signature based on the geology
![Page 13: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
7. Salmon CarcassesReturn 95% of ocean nutrients to our ogliotrophic (nutrient poor) streamsFood for multitudes of scavengers including young salmon fry
![Page 14: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
7 NeedsLimiting Factors
•Genetic Diversity•Access to Spawning habitat•Cool Clean Water—45-55 F•Food Supply-diet is 50% aquatic/50% terrestrial•Clean Gravel (remember Soil BMPs and Riparian Zones?)•Cover-Large Wooded Debris (LWD), undercut banks, rootwads•Balanced Predator Populations
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Large Woody DebrisCritical salmon habitat for cover; avoidingstrong currents; finding food; cool water temps
Clean Gravel
![Page 16: Salmon Species Chinook Aka “King” or “Tyee” or “Blackmouth” Largest of the seven species Average 4-10 years at sea Spawn in main stem of rivers.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e755503460f94b76ee2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Riparian ZonesCreate shade = cooler water = more OXYGEN—thus greater biodiversity!Source of LWDKeep gravel clean by trapping sediments