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SAFE FOOD – BETTER BUSINESS DR. P. VINCENT HEGARTY Founding Director and Professor Emeritus...
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Transcript of SAFE FOOD – BETTER BUSINESS DR. P. VINCENT HEGARTY Founding Director and Professor Emeritus...
SAFE FOOD – BETTER BUSINESS
DR. P. VINCENT HEGARTY
Founding Director and Professor Emeritus
INSTITUTE for FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONSMICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, USA
www.iflr.msu.edu [email protected]
TGDF FOOD CONGRESS 2013, Antalya, Turkey
MAIN POINTS
• SAFE FOOD - BETTER BUSINESS Food Standards Agency (UK) www.food.gov.uk
• GOVERNMENT, INDUSTRY, UNIVERSITIES, CONSUMERS ALL HAVE A ROLE TO PLAY
• TURKEY’S FOOD EXPORTS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) AND TO THE USA
• FDA and FSMA (Food Safety Modernization Act, 2011)
• TURKEY and CODEX ALIMENTARIUS
IS OUR FOOD SAFE?
FOOD LAWS & REGULATIONS
GOVERNMENTCreate/Monitor
CONSUMERS
FOOD INDUSTRYImplement
UNIVERSITIESAnalyze/Educate
CREATING FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS
• GOOD SCIENCE – GOOD FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS
• US EXAMPLE: Food safety laws (e.g. FSMA) drafted by relevant government agencies with input from ALL interested parties --- industry, consumers, etc.
• ALL stages of development of the law are published in Federal Register www.federalregister.gov with requested inputs from ALL parties
• Finished law sent to US Congress for approval vote. If approved, sent to US President for signature. Relevant government agencies then apply the law
• ALL resulting regulations, rules, guidelines etc. are developed by US government agencies with input from ALL interested parties
--------------------------------------------------• Draft: A Guide to Developing and Updating Food Laws and Regulations.
www.emro.who.int
IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL FOOD LAWS and REGULATIONS
• US EXAMPLE:• FDA (Food and Drug Administration) www.fda.gov --- safety and
labeling of most foods, dietary supplements, bottled water
• USDA (US Department of Agriculture) www.usda.gov --- safety of meat, poultry and certain egg products
• EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) www.epa.gov --- pesticides, non-bottled water
• CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) www.cdc.gov --- investigates local and nationwide outbreaks of foodborne illness
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct access to important food safety laws, e.g. Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA): www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/default.htm
EU: RASFF NOTIFICATIONShttp://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/index_en.htm
2010 2011 2012
China 450 561 540
India 251 336 338
TURKEY 255 319 310
Germany 156 152 103
USA 160 113 127
Spain 138 129 126
Italy 121 116 112
Thailand 131 95 120
France 116 122 90
Brazil 102 94 109
EU INSPECTIONS: TURKEYhttp://ec.europa.eu/food/fvo/ir_search_en.pdf
2013 (6684) Pesticides
2012 (6292) Aflatoxin --- hazelnuts, dried figs
2013 (6544) Fishery products
2014 (6575) Milk
2015 (8887) Fishery products
2016 (6029) Pesticides
2011 (8863) Contaminants --- Live animals and animal products
2017 (8583) Pesticides
2009 (8381) Plant health --- Synchytrium endobioticum
EU INSPECTIONS: TURKEY (Continued:
2009 (8251) Animal health --- poultry meat products
2009 (8165) Pesticides
2008 (7878) Milk and milk-based products
2008 (7644) Fishery products
2009 (7858) Mycotoxin contamination
2010 (7385) Animal/Public health General
2011 (7323) Residues and contaminants
2012 (7200) Pesticides
2007 (7356) Poultry, poultry meat, poultry meat products
EU INSPECTIONS: TURKEY (Continued:
2006 (8199) Milk and milk-based products --- casings
2006 (8101) Mycotoxin contamination
2007 (7502) Residues & contaminants: Live animals & animal products
2008 (7077) Pesticides
2009 (9130) Poultry
2003 (9105) Aflatoxin --- hazelnuts and dried figs
2010 (9114) Food irradiation facility
25 inspections 2003 – 2013; 6 pesticide inspections; 4 aflatoxin/mycotoxin; 3 fishery products
EU: BORDER REJECTIONS (2012)http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/docs/rasff_annual_report_2012_en.pdf
• 425 MYCOTOXINS• 320 PESTICIDE RESIDUES• 159 PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS• 144 POOR OR INSUFFICIENT CONTROLS• 108 HEAVY METALS• 74 ADULTERATION / FRAUD• 61 FOREIGN BODIES• 60 COMPOSITION• 59 FOOD ADDITIVES and FLAVOURINGS• 51 MIGRATION • 50 NON-PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS • 17 LABELLING
FDA: IMPORT REFUSALS: TURKEYwww.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/importrefusals
09/2013 Roasted garbanzos Unsafe color, Yellow #5
08/2013 Grape leaves, stuffed Pesticide
08/2013 Spaghetti Misbranding, Nutrition label
07/2013 Fresh trout fillet Filthy
07/2013 Organic raisins Filthy
07/2013 Pomegranate juice Misbranding, Adulteration
07/2013 Ground oregano Filthy
06/2013 Black olives No process
FDA: IMPORT VIOLATIONS BY FOOD PRODUCTwww.fda.gov
• 16% Seafood
• 15% Vegetables
• 9% Fruits
• 8% Spices, Flavors, Salts
• 8% Non-chocolate Candy
• 8% Bakery Products
• 4% Multi-food Dinners
• 4% Soft-drinks and Water
• 4% Chocolate and Cocoa
“ENSURING SAFE FOODS AND MEDICAL PRODUCTS THROUGH STRONGER REGULATORY SYSTEMS
ABROAD” Institute of Medicine, 2012 www.iom.edu
• “Food safety in the United States depends on systems in faraway places …. The FDA cannot do its job well without substantive improvements in the capacity of its counterpart agencies in emerging economies.”
• US FOOD IMPORTS: $41 billion (1998) $78 billion (2007)
• Approx 16% of all food eaten in the US is imported --- from 200 countries and over 250,000 foreign companies
• 15% fruits 20% vegetables 80% seafood is IMPORTED
FDA: FOOD IMPORTS (2011)www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm315486.htm#food_imports
2011:
• 10,439,236 Total food import lines in 2011
• 2.3% or 243,400 Food import lines physically examined
• ALL imports are screened using an automated system
• Import examination costs:
• ~$170 per field exam
• ~$2,800 per sample analyzed
FDA: FOOD SAFETY MODERNIZATION ACT (FSMA) www.fda.gov/downloads/food/guidanceregulation/ucm265430.pdf
• FOOD IMPORTS:
• Importer accountability
• Third party certification
• Certification for high risk foods
• Voluntary qualified importer program
• Authority to deny entry
TOP 10 REASONS TO ACT NOW ON FSMA COMPLIANCE
1) Prevention vs. Reaction
2) New rules are detailed --- know them NOW
3) Multiple rule compliance
4) Training
5) Return on investment
6) Improve food safety
7) Brand protection
8) Move towards or maintain certification to a GFSI-benchmarked scheme
9) Best practices for continuous improvement
10) Just do ithttp://achesongroup.com/2013/10/top-10-reasons-act-now-FSMA-compliance
TURKEY: CODEX COMMITTEE ATTENDANCEwww.codexalimentarius.org/meetings-reports/en
CCFH CCCF CCFA CCPR CCFL CCFICS CCFFV
2013 NO YES NO NO YES NO NO
2012 YES YES NO NO NO NO
2011 NO YES NO NO NO NO
2014 YES YES NO NO NO NO NO
2015 YES YES NO YES YES YES
2016 YES YES NO YES NO NO NO
2017 NO YES NO NO YES NO YES
FH = Food Hygiene; CCCF = Contaminants; FA = Additives; PR = Pesticides;
FL = Labelling; FICS = Food Import/Export; FFV = Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
No, those aren’t my diplomas.
Nature Biotechnology,Vol. 17,May 1999
EU CONSUMERS --- COUNTRIES DIFFER IN
BUYING GM FOODS
Euroborometer 58.0 “Europeans and Biotechnology in 2002” http://europa.eu.int/comm/public_opinion/archives/eb/ebs_177_en.pdf
All courses
United States*
European Union*
Canada*
Latin America*
Middle East*
Asia*
International Food Laws
Codex Alimentarius
*OIE
(World Organisation for Animal
Health*
IPPC(International
Plant Protection
Convention)
Winner 2003 ADEC National Excellence in Distance Education Award
THANK YOU
TESEKKUR EDERIM
GO RAIBH MAITH AGAIBH