ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN MECHATRONICS,

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics

Series Editors: K. Miya, A.J. Moses, Y. Uchikawa, A. Bossavit, R. Collins, T. Honma,

G.A. Maugin, F.C. Moon, G. Rubinacci, H. Troger and S.-A. Zhou

Volume 27

Previously published in this series:

Vol. 26. G. Dobmann (Ed.), Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation (VII) Vol. 25. L. Udpa and N. Bowler (Eds.), Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation (IX) Vol. 24. T. Sollier, D. Prmel and D. Lesselier (Eds.), Electromagnetic Nondestructive

Evaluation (VIII) Vol. 23. F. Kojima, T. Takagi, S.S. Udpa and J. Pv (Eds.), Electromagnetic Nondestructive

Evaluation (VI) Vol. 22. A. Krawczyk and S. Wiak (Eds.), Electromagnetic Fields in Electrical Engineering Vol. 21. J. Pv, G. Vrtesy, T. Takagi and S.S. Udpa (Eds.), Electromagnetic Nondestructive

Evaluation (V) Vol. 20. Z. Haznadar and . tih, Electromagnetic Fields, Waves and Numerical Methods Vol. 19. J.S. Yang and G.A. Maugin (Eds.), Mechanics of Electromagnetic Materials and

Structures Vol. 18. P. Di Barba and A. Savini (Eds.), Non-Linear Electromagnetic Systems Vol. 17. S.S. Udpa, T. Takagi, J. Pv and R. Albanese (Eds.), Electromagnetic

Nondestructive Evaluation (IV) Vol. 16. H. Tsuboi and I. Vajda (Eds.), Applied Electromagnetics and Computational

Technology II Vol. 15. D. Lesselier and A. Razek (Eds.), Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation (III) Vol. 14. R. Albanese, G. Rubinacci, T. Takagi and S.S. Udpa (Eds.), Electromagnetic

Nondestructive Evaluation (II) Vol. 13. V. Kose and J. Sievert (Eds.), Non-Linear Electromagnetic Systems Vol. 12. T. Takagi, J.R. Bowler and Y. Yoshida (Eds.), Electromagnetic Nondestructive

Evaluation Vol. 11. H. Tsuboi and I. Sebestyen (Eds.), Applied Electromagnetics and Computational

Technology Vol. 10. A.J. Moses and A. Basak (Eds.), Nonlinear Electromagnetic Systems Vol. 9. T. Honma (Ed.), Advanced Computational Electromagnetics Vol. 8. R. Collins, W.D. Dover, J.R. Bowler and K. Miya (Eds.), Nondestructive Testing of

Materials

Volumes 16 were published by Elsevier Science under the series title Elsevier Studies in Applied Electromagnetics in Materials.

ISSN 1383-7281

Electromagnetic Fields in

Mechatronics, Electrical and

Electronic Engineering Proceedings of ISEF05

Edited by

Andrzej Krawczyk Central Institute for Labour Protection, Department of Bioelectromagnetics,

Warsaw, Poland

Sawomir Wiak Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Mechatronics and Information

Systems, Lodz, Poland

and

Xose M. Lopez-Fernandez University of Vigo, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vigo, Spain

Amsterdam Berlin Oxford Tokyo Washington, DC

2006 The authors.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,

or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher.

ISBN 1-58603-627-0

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006928635

Publisher

IOS Press

Nieuwe Hemweg 6B

1013 BG Amsterdam

Netherlands

fax: +31 20 687 0019

e-mail: order@iospress.nl

Distributor in the UK and Ireland Distributor in the USA and Canada

Gazelle Books Services Ltd. IOS Press, Inc.

White Cross Mills 4502 Rachael Manor Drive

Hightown Fairfax, VA 22032

Lancaster LA1 4XS USA

United Kingdom fax: +1 703 323 3668

fax: +44 1524 63232 e-mail: iosbooks@iospress.com

e-mail: sales@gazellebooks.co.uk

LEGAL NOTICE

The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information.

PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS

Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering v

A. Krawczyk et al. (Eds.)

IOS Press, 2006

2006 The authors. All rights reserved.

Preface

This book contains the papers presented at the International Symposium on Electro-

magnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering ISEF05 which

was held in Baiona, Spain on September 1517, 2005. ISEF conferences have been

organized since 1985 as a common initiative of Polish and European researchers who

deal with electromagnetic fields applied to electrical engineering. Until now the con-

ferences have been held every two years, either in Poland or in one of European aca-

demic centres renowned for electromagnetic research. The Royal Village of Baiona is

well-known in the world for its beauty and historical background and meaning, as it

was the place where Columbus landed after his travels to the New World. The venue of

the conference is very close to Vigo, which is one of the most important cities in Span-

ish Galicia. The University of Vigo was the logistic centre of the conference.

It is the tradition of the ISEF meetings that they try to tackle quite a vast area of

computational and applied electromagnetics. Moreover, the ISEF symposia aim at join-

ing theory and practice, thus the majority of papers are deeply rooted in engineering

problems, being simultaneously of high theoretical level. Continuing this tradition, we

hope to touch the heart of the matter in electromagnetism.

After the selection process 211 papers were accepted for presentation at the Sym-

posium and almost all of them were presented at the conference both orally and in the

poster sessions. The papers have been divided into the following groups:

Computational Electromagnetics

Electromagnetic Engineering

Coupled Field and Special Applications

Micro- and Special Devices

Bioelectromagnetics and Electromagnetic Hazards

Magnetic Material Modelling

The papers which were presented at the symposium had been reviewed and as-

sessed by the sessions chairmen and the Editorial Board assembled for the post-

conference issue of ISEF05. All the papers accepted for further publication were di-

vided into two parts: those of more computational and those of more applicable nature.

The latter ones are published here while the first, which contains less papers (26), went

to COMPEL journal.1

The papers selected for this volume have been grouped in three chapters which

cover the topics:

Fundamental Problems

Computational Electromagnetics

Applied Electromagnetism

1 COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engi-neering, vol. 25, No. 3/2006.

vi

They introduce some necessary order while reading the book and somehow repre-

sent the main directions which are penetrated by researchers dealing with contemporary

electromagnetics. Looking at the content of the book one may also notice that more and

more researchers are engaging in investigation of electromagnetic applications, espe-

cially these connected with mechatronics, information technologies, medicine, biology

and material sciences. This is readily seen when looking at a number of papers which

belong to each part of the book. Computational techniques which were under develop-

ment during the last three decades and are still being developed serve as good tools for

discovering new electromagnetic phenomena. This means that computational electro-

magnetics belongs to an application area rather than to research area. Anyway, a lot of

researchers are still working on this subject.

The first chapter is devoted to fundamental problems which appear in electromag-

netics. The subject has been intensively developed from the very beginning of the his-

tory of electromagnetism. Some problems are still the subject of scientific discussions

and are still unsolved; other problems are discussed as the background for building

numerical models. There is a group of papers dealing with the analysis of material

properties (magnetic, dielectric or even biological), and thus the papers have more

physical than computational considerations. Such an analysis is somehow out of the

scope of international conferences, like COMPUMAG, AEM or CEFC, which rather

focus their attention on computational aspects. Also, there are some papers in the chap-

ter which show analytical solutions of the electromagnetic field problems. The analyti-

cal approach is nowadays mostly not of interest for researchers, especially those of the

younger generation, but this attitude seems not to be supported by the reality of elec-

tromagnetism. The analysis of electromagnetic field sometimes requires deeper insight

into the structure of mathematical model and this can be done just by means of analyti-

cal approach.

The second chapter is devoted to problems widely discussed at all conferences,

namely how to improve the efficiency, accuracy and ability of numerical models. Older

participants of the conference and readers of the book will remember that a few dec-

ades ago the majority of papers concentrated on the problems of how to build FEM

solver or how to regard nonlinearity or dynamics in computer modelling. Also, there

were strong discussions about the advantages and disadvantages of such numerical

methods, such as FEM, FDM, BEM, and during the conferences followers of each par-

ticular method tended to form separate groups. Nowadays, these problems are mostly

behind us and the interest of researchers is focused on some specific contributions to

the existing solvers.

The last chapter, the richest in papers, is a good mirror of what the ISEF confer-

ence is. As has already been mentioned, most papers deal with some applications of

electromagnetic field and the stress in these papers is put on the phenomena or devices

or both, and computational technique is there just as a tool to understand the phenom-

ena, to design a device or to know what hazards can occur. It seems to be very difficult,

even impossible, to find some common idea which joins the papers in some groups

because, in fact, each paper deals with its own particular problem. Prospective readers

are recommended to look at this chapter very carefully and find the paper of their per-

sonal interest.

At the end of these remarks let us, the Editors of the book, be allowed to express

our thanks to our colleagues who have contributed to the book by peer-reviewing the

vii

papers at the conference as well as in the publishing process. We also convey our

thanks to IOS Press (Publisher) for their effective collaboration in shaping this editorial

enterprise. As ISEF conferences are organised biannually we do hope to keep our

strong links with IOS Press in the future.

Xose M. Lopez-Fernandez Andrzej Krawczyk Sawomir Wiak

Chairman of the Scientific Secretary Chairman of the ISEF

Organising Committee Symposium

ix

Contents

Preface v

Xose M. Lopez-Fernandez, Andrzej Krawczyk and Sawomir Wiak

Chapter A. Fundamental Problems

Introductory Remarks 3

Co-Evolutionary Approach Applied to the Constrained Optimization Problem of

Electromagnetic Devices 5

Kwang-Ok An, Chang-Hwan Im and Hyun-Kyo Jung

Assessment of Influence of Maxwell Displacement Currents on Electromagnetic

Fields Distribution 12

Stanisaw Apanasewicz and Stanisaw Pawowski

Dual Electric and Magnetic Networks: Extension to Time-Varying and

Hysteretical Conditions 17

A. Giovanni Beccuti, Sonia Leva and Adriano P. Morando

Optimal Shielding Thickness of Low Frequency Magnetic Fields 23

H. Beltran, V. Fuster and A. Quijano

Analytic Method for Dealing with Rotating Magnetic Field 29

M. Bologna, B. Tellini and D. Pelliccia

The Influence of the Electromagnetic Wave Parameters on SAR Coefficient 36

Katarzyna Ciosk, Andrzej Krawczyk and Roman Kubacki

Sensitivity Study with Fractional Factorial Design and Its Integration in a CAD

Package for Electromechanical System 40

E. de Cecco, Z. Makni, C. Marchand and M. Besbes

Examination of Electromagnetic Field Caused by Cellular Phone 46

Lvia Fejrvri Fhrer and Tams Barbarics

Implementing Business Rules in Object-Oriented Technology: Application in

Multi-Physics Numerical Simulation 52

Huynh Quoc Hung, Yves Marechal and Jean-Louis Coulomb

Numerical Analysis of Fokker-Planck Equation in Ferroelectrics with Regard to

Polarization Fluctuations 58

J. Kaupus, J. Rimshans and N. Smyth

The Parameters of the Synchronous Machine 64

Gloria Ciumbulea, Xose Fernandez Lopez, Rafael Vives Fos and Neculai Galan

Analysis of Frequency Dependence of Multiconductor Resistances 71

G. Martnez, M. Sancho, D. Mndez and C. Daz

x

Computational Electromagnetics in an Electromagnetic Laboratory 77

Paulo G. Pereirinha and Carlos F.R. Lemos Antunes

Microwave Imaging of Two-Dimensional Conducting Scatterers Using Particle

Swarm Optimization 84

Ioannis T. Rekanos and Maria A. Kanaki

New Dynamical Hysteresis Model 90

Adam Schiffer and Amalia Ivanyi

Stability Analysis of a Levitated Micro-Motor 96

Stephen Wilkinson, Rafal Wrobel, Philip Mellor and Derrick Holliday

The Frequency Analysis of the Ferromagnetic Power Losses Using Classical

and Domain Models 102

Grzegorz Zwoliski and Zbigniew Gmyrek

Chapter B. Computational Electromagnetics

Introductory Remarks 111

The Modelling of a Rotating Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor with

Remeshing 114

Gordon Aird, Simon Taylor, Alex Michaelides and Asmo Tenhunen

On the Use of Unsupervised Neural Networks to Assist the Dimensionality

Reduction in an Induction Motor Redesign 118

Pablo Arboleya, Guzmn Daz, Tania Gil and Amalia Barrera

Evaluation of the Electromagnetic Coupling Mechanisms in the Brushless

Doubly-Fed Induction Machine 124

F. Blzquez, C. Veganzones and D. Ramrez

Trigonometric Approximations for the Computation of the Radiation Pattern of

a Mobile Antenna in Presence of Human Head 132

Giuseppe Borz and Cinzia Giuffrida

Coupled Fe-Meshless Methods for Electromagnetic Low-Frequency Problems 136

V. Cutrupi, A. Formisano and R. Martone

Performance Evaluation of an Axial Flux PM Motor Based on Finite Element

Analysis 143

Goga Cvetkovski and Lidija Petkovska

A Nested Evolutionary Algorithm to Simultaneously Optimize the Compression

Ratios in Designing Rectangular Grounding Grids 149

Giuseppe Delvecchio, Francesca Lerario, Ferrante Neri and Diego Sylos Labini

Couplings of Electromagnetic Field Formulations in Finite Element Analysis of

Transverse Flux Induction Heating Systems 156

V. Fireteanu and T. Tudorache

xi

Time Domain Sensitivity Analysis of Electromagnetic Quantities Utilising FEM

for the Identification of Material Conductivity Distributions 162

Konstanty M. Gawrylczyk and Mateusz Kugler

Multi-Slice Finite Element Modelling of Induction Motors Considering Broken

Bars and Inter-Bar Currents 169

J. Gyselinck, J. Sprooten, L. Vandevelde and X.M. Lopez-Fernandez

FEM Analysis of Grounding System Parameters Considering Additional

Substance 175

Anton Habjani and Mladen Trlep

New Electromagnetic Actuator with Multi-Motion 179

Y. Hasegawa, K. Hirata, H. Maeyoshi, Y. Ishihara and T. Todaka

Sliding-Surface Interface Conditions and Force Calculation for a Linear

Actuator Discretised by the Finite Integration Technique 185

Mariana Ion, Herbert De Gersem and Thomas Weiland

A New Control-Oriented Modeling Methodology for a Series DC Motor 193

Krzysztof J. Latawiec, Czesaw Marciak and Gustavo H.C. Oliveira

Investigation of ELCID Testing Using FEM Analysis and Test Core

Measurements 199

Danilo Makuc, Maks Berlec and Konrad Lenasi

A Derivation of Macroscopic Maxwell Matter-Field Equations Including

Dynamic Magnetic Hysteresis and Extra-Losses 205

O. Maloberti, V. Mazauric, G. Meunier, A. Kedous-Lebouc, O. Geoffroy, Y. Rebire, P. Labie and Y. Marchal

Adaptive Object Models Architecture for Simulation Software Design 211

Yves Marchal, Yves Souchard, Guy Jrome and Carlos Antonio Frana Sartori

The 3D Field-Circuit Model of Power Transformer Supplied by Three-Phase

Non Symetric Votage System 218

Lech Nowak and Krzysztof Kowalski

Fast Finite Element Computation of Wave Propagation Problems over a

Wide Frequency Range Using Pad Approximation 222

Xavier Ojeda and Lionel Pichon

Optimum Design on Reduction of Torque Ripple for a Synchronous

Reluctance Motor with Concentrated Winding Using Response Surface

Methodology 228

Seong June Park, Su Jin Jeon and Jung Ho Lee

A Resonance Current Based Operating Strategy for a Variable Reluctance

Motor 234

Chung-How Poh, zdemir Gl and Sam Ali

Higher-Order Spatial FDTD Schemes for EM Propagation in Dispersive Media 240

K.P. Prokopidis and T.D. Tsiboukis

xii

A Perturbation Technique for the Finite Element Modelling of Nondestructive

Eddy Current Testing 247

Ruth V. Sabariego and Patrick Dular

Fast Estimation of Generator End Region Losses with an Axiperiodic Fourier

Expansion Boundary Element Method 254

E. Schlemmer, B. Streibl and F. Mller

A Polar Magnetization Model Inserted in Finite Element Method Software 260

E. Vinot and D. Frachon

An Analysis of a Mode Stirred Chamber Excited by Wires Using TLM and

FEM 266

Djonny Weinzierl, Ralf Jacobs, Arnulf Kost and Adroaldo Raizer

Chapter C. Applied Electromagnetism

Introductory Remarks 275

Electromagnetic and Temperature Fields in Continual Induction Heating

System for Thin Non-Ferrous Strips 277

Jerzy Barglik

Prediction of Core Losses in Switched Reluctance Motors Using Finite Element

Method and Rainflow Algorithm 283

Francis Bokose, Lieven Vandevelde and Jan A.A. Melkebeek

Reduction of Cogging Torque in a Novel Axial Flux Permament Magnet BLDC

Motor 290

Yun-Hyun Cho, Yon-Do Chun, Dae-Hyun Koo and Won-Young Cho

Analysis of a Hybrid Method for the Simulation of Electric Fields in Bio-MEMS

Applications 294

Laurent De Vroey and Damien Grenier

The Comparison of Different Models of Induction Motors for Power Controller

Supply 300

Maria Dems and Krzysztof Komeza

On a Class of Small Dielectric Motors: Experimental Results and Shape Design 306

P. Di Barba, E.R. Mognaschi, M.E. Mognaschi and A. Savini

Analytical Calculation of the Air-Gap Magnetic Field in Salient-Pole

Three-Phase Synchronous Machines with Open Slots 312

Antonino Di Gerlando, Gianmaria Foglia and Roberto Perini

An Efficient BLDC with Gearbox Solution for EGR 319

D. Frachon, E. Vinot, G. Andrieux and J.D. Alzingre

Estimation of Overall Efficiency of Linear Induction Motor with Magnet

Rotator Type of End-Effect Compensator 323

Nobuo Fujii, Yuichiro Ito and Takehiro Yoshihara

xiii

Investigation of Squirrel Cage Induction Motors with Semi-Closed and Closed

Stator Slots by a Transient Electromechanical Finite Element Technique 329

C. Grabner

Determination of Radial and Axial Magnetic Flux Density in PMSM(s) 335

J.A. Gemes, A.M. Iraolagoitia and J.I. Del Hoyo

Development of a Bone Conduction Vibrator for Hearing Impaired Persons

Used for Portable Acoustic Device 342

Sang-Moon Hwang, Hong-Joo Lee, Joong-Hak Kwon, Young-Chang Yang and Gun-Yong Hwang

Finite Element Analysis for the Diagnosis of Broken Rotor Bars in 3-Phase

Induction Machines 348

Joya Kappatou, Claude Marchand and Adel Razek

Levitation Force Analysis Acting on Sliding Conductor by 3-D Finite Element

Method 354

Yoshihiro Kawase, Tadashi Yamaguchi, Takafumi Eguchi, Takayuki Kobayashi, Osamu Noro, Koji Hashimoto and Yuji Shindo

Experimental Verification of the 3D Voltage Driven Edge Elements Model of a

Fractional Power Induction Motor 358

Krzysztof Komeza, Sawomir Wiak, Maria Dems and Pawe Jastrzabek

Analysis of Induction Heating Process in Hot Galvanizing Line of Steel Sheets 364

K. Kurek, M. Niklewicz and W. Koszuta

Verification of Axi-Periodic Analysis with 3D-FEA and Calculation of Eddy

Current Loss of Flux Shield in the Large Turbo Generator Using Axi-Periodic

Analysis 370

S.O. Kwon, Hyuk Nam, B.Y. Choi and J.P. Hong

Efficiency Evaluation of PMASynRM vs. SynRM Using Coupled FEM &

Preisach Modeling 377

Rae Hwa Lee, Young Jin Jang and Jung Ho Lee

Magneticfield Analysis of Non-Contact Magnetic Gear by Using Equivalent

Magnetization Current 384

Sang-Ho Lee, Soon-O. Kwon, Jung-Pyo Hong, Young-Kyun Kim and Kyung-Ho Ha

New Approach to Applying Capacitance Control in the Main Insulation of HV

Instrument Transformers 390

Lesniewska Elzbieta

A Study of Magnetic Flux Density Harmonics in a Three Phase Squirrel-Cage

Induction Machine at Ideal No-Load Condition 396

T. Mari, M. Hadiselimovi, I. Zagradinik and B. tumberger

Iron Loss Characteristics of Skewed Induction Motor Using 3-D Finite Element

Method 402

Tatsuya Masuda, Yoshihiro Kawase, Tadashi Yamaguchi, Hitoshi Yonezawa and Toshiyuki Yano

xiv

Dynamic Model of PMSM Based on 2d FEM Flux and Torque Computation 406

L. Melcescu, M. Covrig, V. Bostan and A. Fociuc

The Influence of the Electromagnetic Wave Polarization on SAR in Human

Body Model 412

Arkadiusz Miaskowski and Andrzej Krawczyk

3d FEM Simulation of an Electromagnetic Pump Using ANSYS and

Experimental Validation 416

Daniel Morigo, M. ngeles Rodrguez, Rafael Cuesta, Jose Antonio Maroto, Ana Rivas and David Escudero

Magnetic Behaviour of Superconducting Foil Utilized for Linear-Type Magnetic

Flux Pump 422

Taketsune Nakamura, Yoondo Chung and Tsutomu Hoshino

The Quick Method of the Coloured Maps for the Fields Visualisation 428

Napieralska-Juszczak Ewa, Krolewiak Adam and Napieralski Piotr

Analytical Calculation of Magnetic Field Distribution in Brushless DC

Permanent Magnet Motors 435

Hacer ztura

On-Line Testing of AC Motor for Predictive Maintenance 440

Frederic Perisse, Daniel Roger and Claude Saligot

Design and Analysis of Micro Positioning Actuator Using Three Dimensional

Finite Element Method 447

Jong-Seok Rho, Chang-Hwan Lee and Hyun-Kyo Jung

Electromagnetic Stirring in the Process of Continuous Casting of Steel Ingots 454

Czesaw Sajdak, Sawomir Golak, Alicja Kurek, Artur Mazur and Roman Przyucki

Permanent Magnet Motor with Embedded Magnets and Flux Barriers 461

Pia Salminen, Markku Niemel and Juha Pyrhnen

Evaluation of the Grounding System Influence on Field Coordination Studies

Applied to LPS Optimization 467

Carlos Antonio Frana Sartori, Jos Roberto Cardoso, Antonio Orlandi and Yves Marchal

Design Procedure of Bearingless High-Speed Permanent Magnet Motors 473

T. Schneider, A. Binder and L. Chen

Structure-Dynamic Simulation of an Induction Furnace with Respect to

Fluid-Solid Interaction of Liquid Metal and Crucible 479

M.C. Schning, D. van Riesen, H. Brunnberg and K. Hameyer

PCB Design Aspects in Distributed Control Architectures for Power Electronics 485

V. Serrao, A. Di Napoli and L. Solero

The Magnetic Network Modeling of a Permanent Magnet Motor with

Consideration of the Saturation and Heating Effects 491

S. Srairi, J. Farook, A. Djerdir and A. Miraoui

xv

Optimization of Exciter Coils in Eddy Current Transducer for Testing Thick

Conducting Plates 497

Krzysztof Stawicki and Stanisaw Gratkowski

The Impact of Magnetically Nonlinear Iron Core Characteristics on Responses

of a Three-Phase Power Transformer Dynamic Model 503

Gorazd tumberger, Sebastijan Seme, Klemen Deelak, Botjan Polajer, Matej Toman and Drago Dolinar

Electromagnetic Parameters Similarity for Scaled Geometries of Linear

Actuators 509

B. Tomczuk, K. Zakrzewski and M. Sobol

Analysis by Finite Element Method of the Crosstalk Compensation Procedures

for Current Transducers 515

A. Usn, J.S. Artal, J. Letosa, F.J. Arcega and M. Sampln

Influence of the Synchronous Cylindrical Machine Damping Cage on Content

of Higher Harmonics in Armature Currents During Co-Operation with the

Distorted and Asymmetrical Electric Power System 520

Sawomir Wiak, Roman Nadolski, Krzysztof Ludwinek and Jan Staszak

Analysis of Proximity Losses in a Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor 528

Rafal Wrobel, Phil Mellor and Neville McNeill

Author Index 535