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Manila, 23rd of May of 2011

Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All:

a blend of promising approaches

ADB-DMC Dialogue

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Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All

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What do we need to achieve?

• Acceleration of progress

• Coverage and quality

• Equity: reducing disparities

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Coverage, progress and quality

Country Ruralcoverage(JMP 2010)

SNV Programme areas(baselines 2010)

toilets Access to

sanitarytoilets

Hygienic

use

Bhutan 54% 86% 59% 29%

Cambodia 23% 22% 22% 13%

Lao PDR 38% 12% 8% 8%

Nepal 27% 50% 33% 37%

Viet Nam 67% 60% 39% 21%

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Equity: reducing disparities

0%

10%

20%30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Kinh H Mong Thai Kho Mu Nung Tay Phu la

   A  c  c  e  s  s   t  o

   t  o   i   l  e   t

  s

Ethnic group

North west Vietnam access to toilets fordifferent ethnic groups (baseline 2010)

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How to facilitate access to sanitationhardware and services?

1. The majority of households can be reached by

strengthening the sanitation supply chains

2. Support mechanisms complement efforts for

those lagging behind: the poorest

6

Shops for sanitation hardware and masons building

toilet exist in any country

The challenge is to increase outreach

And serve many more customers

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• Understand diverse consumer aspirations

• Simplify the product and/or the process

• Increase outreach and information

• Work with the right people

1. Reaching the majority bystrengthening sanitation supply chains

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Sanitation Supply Chain Analysis

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1. Reaching the majority bystrengthening sanitation supply chains

a

•

Understand diverse consumeraspirations

• People do not want SHIT toilets

• Women aspire bathrooms for

privacy

• WTP is much higher than we think, if 

they feel they can trust supplier

• The price of toilets is ridiculously

high

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1. Reaching the majority bystrengthening sanitation supply chains

b

• Simplify the product and/or the buying

process

• Cambodia with IDE’s “EZ latrine” plus added bathrooms

• Laos, developing a cost effective mould

• Bhutan, Nepal and Laos: Reduce cost by

BULK purchase

• Vietnam: The suppliers go in right after

the demand creation processes

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1. Reaching the majority bystrengthening sanitation supply chains

b

• Cambodia: Sales agents

• Nepal: outlets through small

shops

•

Bhutan: Tsechus for marketlinkages, information and

show-casing toilets through

public use

c • Increase outreach and information

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1. Reaching the majority bystrengthening sanitation supply chains

ad•

Work with the right people

• Small margins in rural sanitation

market are often only attractive

for small business or through a

“franchising model”

• 41% of retailers in Laos are co-

owned and operated by women

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•

Channelling• Targetting

• Monitoring for effectivenes

To households• Cash, materials, vouchers

• Upfront or after construction

To communities or lowest government

• Earmarked funding

• Post-ODF awards

Via the private sector

• Output based incentives

• Subsidised materials

• Subsidised credit

2.Support those lagging behind: thepoorest of the poor

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Common challenges for pro-poor support

• Many different forms and levels of subsidy existing

within one area creating confusing incentives, damaging

market development

• Effectiveness in reaching the poor

• Lack of monitoring information

14

Harmonise: avoid conflicting supportmechanisms and dependency on projectsDecentralise targettingChannel different sources through one agencyNo one-size fits all groups

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Promising ways out

• Link to existing rural employment

schemes

• Discussing existing poverty data

locally and find options

• Women’s union groups to link with

existing subsidy provisions

• Harmonise support at district level and channel

through private sector (Cambodia, Nepal)

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Lessons learned

• Public funded support should onlycomplement sanitation markets, not replace.

• A mix of different support mechanisms works best

• Responsibility for targetting and reaching

(sustainable) ODF should be combined

• Build on existing support mechanisms• Support should only come AFTER sanitation

demand creation 16