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ARCHAEOLOGISTS IN TRAINING: STUDENTS AT THE BRITISH SCHOOL OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN JERUSALEM 1920-1936

A data paper describing this dataset is available at:Thornton, A. 2012. Archaeologists-in-Training: Students of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem, 1920-1936. Journal of Open Archaeology Data, 1(1), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/4f293686e4d62.

Name of Applicant and Date of BSAJ Minute Book Entry

Date(s) of Application, Admission and Duration of Study

Qualification

UniversityAffiliation

Work at BSAJ Nomination and Fee Status

Biographical Notes

Mr J. Lee Warner(1 March 1920) [1]

1920 [1] BA [3] None stated.

None stated. None stated. By 1921 Warner was an Assistant Custodian in the Palestine Department of Antiquities [2].

Professor Canney(8 February 1921) [3]

Feb 1921 (App), Autumn 1921 (duration of study) [3]

None stated. University of Manchester [3]

Academic Representative [3] Garstang instructed by Organising Committee to “offer the fullest facilities to Prof. Canney” [3]

Maurice Arthur Canney (d. 1942) was the second Professor of Semitic Languages at Manchester University (1912-1934) and Editor of the Journal of the Manchester Egyptian and Oriental Society (1912-1940). [4, 5]

Mr Farbridge(8 February 1921)[3]

Feb 1921 (App), Summer 1921 (Adm), 1 yr duration [3]

Lecturer in Oriental Studies [3]

University of Manchester [3]

None stated. The Organising Committee decided that if Manchester nominated Farbridge as their “Scholar”, he would be exempt from

H. H. Farbridge was an Assistant Lecturer at the University of Manchester from 1919-1923. [5]

Data collected by Amara Thornton, UCL Institute of Archaeology

http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/4f293686e4d62



Qualification



Biographical Notes

fees [3].Mr G. M. FitzGerald(8 February 1921) [3]

Feb 1921 (App), March 1922 (Adm), several years duration [3]

BA,Classical Tripos [3]

Cambridge [3]

Admitted as an advanced student, to work for “some years” [3]. Assisted at University Museum of Pennsylvania excavations at Beisan, May – August 1922 and BSAJ field work at Amman, Jerash and Umm Keis, September/October 1922 [7]; Studying Semitic languages at the Ecole Biblique [8]; BSAJ excavations at Tanturah, with G. Horsfield (q.v.) 1924 and caves in Galilee, 1925 with F. Turville-Petre (q. v.), G. E. W. Avory (q. v.) and T. Crouther-Gordon (q. v.) [9, 10, 68]; Senior Student at the School 1925-1926 [7, 10]; Assistant Archaeologist, Beisan [10, 12]; accepted post of Asst Director of BSAJ 4 June 1926 [6, 11]; appointed from February 1927 for 12 months [13]; worked with BSAJ Director John Crowfoot at PEF excavations on Mount Ophel/Tyropoeon Valley Jerusalem 1927/28 [62]; FitzGerald returned to England

“The qualifications Mr FitzGerald were explained by the Director and his application was approved.” [3]

Gerald Milnes Fitzgerald (1882-1978) is most well known for his work at Beisan for the University of Pennsylvania Museum, collaborating with Dr Clarence Fisher and Alan Rowe [12].




Qualification



Biographical Notes

in February 1928 [14, 30].Miss E. Grant(8 February 1921) [3]

Feb 1921 (App), 1921-22 (duration)[3]

None stated. None stated.

Wanted to work particularly in the Department of Records [3].

The Organising Committee decided that if Miss Grant were to “ratify her proposal” she should not pay fees “in view of the special services she proposed to offer” [3].

None available.

Mr David S. Stiven(22 January 1923) [15]

Jan 1923 (App) [15]

Maclean Scholar of Semitic Languages [15, 16]

University of Glasgow [15, 16]

Course of regional archaeology in late Autumn 1923; topography, Hebrew and Arabic in Winter 1923; accompanied tours of American Schools [8].

Nominated to be BSAJ student [15, 16]

David Stiven was a member of the Glasgow University Oriental Society; its President, William Barron Stevenson, proposed that the Society should contribute subscription funds to the BSAJ [16].

Mr Francis Turville-Petre(22 January 1923) [15]

Jan 1923 (App),Spring 1923 (Adm) [15] Proposal to return to BSAJ to excavate caves at

None stated. Exeter College, Oxford [15]

Explored Stone Age and “early monuments” in Galilee in 1923, took courses at the Ecole Biblique [8]; excavated caves at Tugbah (Mugharet el Emireh, Zuttiyeh), 1925 with T. Crouther-Gordon (q. v.) , G. M.

Accepted as a temporary student on full fees [17]

The life and work of Francis Turville-Petre (1901-1942) have been the subject of recent research [11, 20]. He also assisted Dorothy Garrod (q. v.) with excavations in




Qualification



Biographical Notes

Tabhgah 3 March 1925 [17]

FitzGerald (q. v.) and G. E. W. Avory (q. v.) [10, 20]; and in 1930 examined dolmens near Chorazin with grant from Robert Garnett [19, 20], cave Mugharet ez-Zuttiyeh, and another cave near Zikhron, Yakob [10, 19, 20, 63, 68]. In 1931 he excavated Kebara Cave with C. A. Baynes (q. v.) [20].

Iraq in 1928, along with C. A. Baynes (q. v.) [18, 20].

Maj. G. Horsfield(22 January 1923) [15]

Jan 1923 (App) [15]; Fall/Winter 1923 (Adm); 1923-1924(duration)

Architect [15]

None stated.

Studied at Ecole Biblique, Winter 1923 [23]; took part in BSAJ excavations at Tanturah with G. M. FitzGerald (q. v.), and conservation work in Amman, Jerash Spring 1924, 1925 [9, 10]; Appointed Hon. Clerk to the School, 17 November 1924 [21]; appointed Student Librarian 3 March 1925 [22].

Garstang suggested “in view of [Horsfield’s] offer to render services in [architecture] whilst a student at the School […] his usual fees be waived. This was agreed to, but the Hon. Secretary was instructed to write to Major Horsfield for

George Wilberforce Horsfield (1882-1956) became Chief Inspector in the Transjordan Department of Antiquities [24, 25]. With Agnes Conway, whom he married in 1932, Horsfield conducted the first scientific excavations at Petra [111].




Qualification



Biographical Notes

his records, which have not yet been received.” [15]

Mr T. Crouther-Gordon(3 March 1925) [17]

Mar 1925 (App), 1 April 1925 (Adm),1 year duration [17]

MA (Hons)[17]

University of Glasgow [17]

Joined BSAJ excavations at caves in Galilee, with F. Turville-Petre (q. v.), G. M. FitzGerald (q. v.) and G. E. W. Avory (q. v.) in 1925/26 [10, 68].

Nominated by Prof. W. B. Stevenson as Glasgow University’s nominee [17].

Thomas Crouther-Gordon (1898-1986) was awarded a Kerr Travelling Scholarship which funded his studies at the BSAJ. He graduated with an MA in 1922 from the University of Glasgow, gaining Bachelor and Doctor of Divinity degrees as well as a PhD in later life. He was a minister in Scotland from the late 1920s until the 1960s. In 1926 he published a book of collected essays on his experiences travelling and excavating in the Holy Land entitled A Travelling Scholar [64, 65, 70].

Mr R. Fisher(3 December 1925) [26]

Dec 1925 (App), Feb 1926 (Adm),Resigned 21


None stated Proposed by Mr Charles Mott, BSAJ Hon Secretary, who

None available.




Qualification



Biographical Notes

May 1926 [27] had interviewed Fisher [26]

Mr G. E. W. Avory(18 February 1926) [28]

Feb 1926 (Adm) [28]


Assisted in F. Turville-Petre’s (q.v.) Tubgah caves excavation with T. Crouther-Gordon (q. v.) and G. M. FitzGerald (q.v.) in 1926[68].

None stated. None available.

Mr C. N. Johns(17 October 1927) [29]

Oct 1927 (Provis. Adm) [29, 30]

BA [31]

History Teacher, St George’s College Jerusalem [29]

Emmanuel College, Cambridge [31]

Offered position of Librarian to the school in 1927 [29, 30]; assisted Crowfoot at PEF excavations at Tyropoeon Valley, Jerusalem, 1928/29 with M. Aviyonah (q. v.) [29, 30, 37].

Proposed by J. W. Crowfoot, Director of BSAJ. Johns’ admission was provisional on condition that the Bishop of Jerusalem gave his sanction [29].

Cedric Norman Johns (1904-1992) later became the Assistant Director of the Palestine Department of Antiquities [11, 67]. He assisted G. Horsfield (q. v.) at Ajlun Castle in Transjordan, later joining Pennsylvania University Archaeological Expedition [18]. He was appointed Field Archaeologist of the Palestine Government, clearing Athlit Crusader’s Castle, and worked at Meydum, Egypt with the Pennsylvania University Museum expedition in 1929/1930 [31]. His archive is now at the




Qualification



Biographical Notes

Palestine Exploration Fund [112].

Rev. D. J. Chitty(17 October 1927) [29]

Oct 1927 (Adm) [29]; 1927-31 (duration)

BA [30]Exploration of the Byzantine Cave Church (St Theoctistus at Deir el-Mukelik) and Mar Saba [29, 30]

New College, Oxford [30]

Worked at St Theoctistus, funded by Oxford University’s Denyer & Johnson Fund [14, 30]; began work at St Euthymius monastery at Khan el Ahmar with A. H. M. Jones (q. v.) and Mrs. F. Jones (q. v.) and Mr Michael Marcoff and Madame [Nadiejda Alexandrovna] Marcoff of Jerusalem 1927/28 [30]; fellow student A. G. Buchanan (q. v.) joined Chitty for work at St Euthymius (Khan el Ahmar), 1929 [31]; planned to study the Churches excavated at Jerash after work at St Euthymius (Khan el Ahmar) was complete [32]; studied lives of Palestinian saints at St. Mark’s Alexandria 1929/30[31]; continued with St Euthymius (Khan el Ahmar) work 1930/31 [19].

Admitted without fees [29].₤50.00 awarded to Chitty out of the Studentship Fund, established by Mr Robert Mond “to meet the travelling expenses of selected students” [32].

Derwas James Chitty (d. 1971) later married [Anna] Mary [Hawthorn] Kitson-Clark (q. v.). His book The Desert City features his Birkbeck lectures (1959-1960) on the history of monasticism in Egypt and Palestine [33, 34].

Miss Dorothy Garrod(18 November

Nov 1927 (Adm)[35]1935-36

MA [30]Planned to join

Newnham College, Cambridg

Admitted specifically for prehistoric research in Palestine as Mr Turville-Petre

Proposed by BSAJ Council Chairman John

The life and work of Dorothy Annie Elizabeth Garrod (1892-1968) has




Qualification



Biographical Notes

1927) [35] Session (Adm) [42], 1928-1936 (duration)

American School expedition for prehistoric researches in Mesopotamia, proposed that this be combined with research in Palestine [35].

e [18] was not available for continuing the work [35]; surveyed Shukbah caves with Mr and Mrs Woodbury of the American School 1927/28 [30, 36]; excavated caves at Athlit in 1929, with Mary Kitson-Clark (q.v.) and Elinor Ewbank (q. v.) [37]; excavated caves at Athlit in 1929/30 with Dr Martha Hackett and Theodore and Donald McCown, sons of the Director of American School [31]; excavated caves at Athlit 1930/31 with Theodore McCown, P. Van Heerden (q. v.) and Miss Heseltine [19]; conducted excavations at Wady Mughara autumn 1932 and spring 1933 with E. Dyott (q. v.), J. J. Hopkins (q. v.) and T. P. O’Brien (q. v.) [40]; continued at Athlit 1933/34 with E. Dyott and J. Crowfoot (q. v.)[41]; readmitted 1935-36 [42].

Linton Myres [35].

been the subject of much recent research. As director of one of the BSAJ’s main projects during the 1930s, Garrod regularly presented the results of the work at Athlit at Annual General Meetings of the BSAJ alongside Crowfoot presenting on the excavations at Samaria. In 1938 she became the first Disney Professor of Archaeology at Cambridge [38, 39, 113, 114].

Mrs C. A. Baynes(18 November 1927) [35]

Adm 1925 [19]Nov 1927 (Adm) [35]

“Previously carried out the

None stated.

Admitted specifically for prehistoric research in Palestine as Mr Turville-Petre

Proposed by Chairman J. L. Myres [35].

Charlotte Augusta Baynes (née Irby) (d. 1949) had been awarded an O.B.E.




Qualification



Biographical Notes

geological investigations in the recent Galilee work.” [35]

was not available for continuing this work [35]; dropped out after Mesopotamia expedition fell through [36]. Worked with F. Turville-Petre (q.v.) at a cave near Zikhron Yakob [19].

for war work as Superintendent of the Catholic Women’s League Huts in France [66]. She published notes on the geology of the caves excavated by Turville-Petrie in his 1927 report Researches in Prehistoric Galilee, and accompanied Garrod (q. v.) and Turville-Petre (q. v.) to Iraq [20, 68].

Lieut. Commander A. G. Buchanan R. N. (Ret)(21 March 1928) [14]

Mar 1928 (Adm) [14]; 1928-1932/33(duration)


Produced plans and drawings for and contributed to BSAJ excavations at Jerash with A. H. M Jones (q. v.) & F. Jones (q.v.) in 1928 and A. H. M. Jones and R. W. Hamilton (q.v.) in 1929 [30, 32]; temporary appointment in Transjordan Department of Antiquities [18]; joined D. J. Chitty (q.v.) at St Theoctistus (Khan-el-Ahmar) 1929 [18]; attended American School lectures, worked at Tell-el-Fara with the BSAE in 1930 [31]; working for the Egypt Exploration Society at Arment

“Interviewed and approved by Chairman [J. L. Myres] and Director [J. W. Crowfoot].” Paid entrance fee of ₤10.00. [14]

Archibald Buchanan took on the conservation of Jerash from 1929-1930. Buchanan had retired from service as an officer in the Royal Navy [43, 59].




Qualification



Biographical Notes

and surveying for BSAJ excavations at Samaria, with M. Bentwich (q. v.) and K. Kenyon (q. v.) and N. Wright (q. v.) in 1930/31 [19] and 1931/32 with M. Bentwich, K. Kenyon, and H. Barr (q. v.) [55]; with K. Kenyon, N. de Crespigny (q. v.) and K. Murray (q. v.) in 1932/33 [40]; working in England on plans for Samaria 1933/34 [41].

Mr A. H. M. Jones (Hugo)(21 March 1928) [14]

Mar 1928 (Adm),1928-1929 (duration)

None stated. All Soul’s College, Oxford [14]

Took part in BSAJ excavations at Jerash with F. Jones (q. v.) and A. G. Buchanan (q.v.), joined D. J. Chitty at Khan el-Ahmar in 1928 [30]; Working at Jerash with R. W. Hamilton (q. v.), A. G. Buchanan in 1929 [18, 32, 37].

Entrance fees waived [14].

Arnold Hugh Martin Jones (1904-1970) married Freda Katherine Mackrell in 1927. After working at Jerash he became Reader of Ancient History at the University of Cairo (1929-1934), Lecturer in Ancient History at Wadham College Oxford (1939-1946) and Professor of Ancient History at University College London (1946-1951), after which he was appointed the Chair in Ancient History at




Qualification



Biographical Notes

Cambridge and a fellow of Jesus College [44].

Mrs Jones (Freda Katherine née Mackrell)(21 March 1928) [14]

Mar 1928 (Adm)1928 (duration)

BA [30] Somerville College, Oxford [30].

Assisted with plans and sketches at Jerash with Mr A. V. H. Jones (q.v.) and A. G. Buchanan (q.v.)[14, 30], joined D. J. Chitty at Khan el-Ahmar in 1928 [30].

Entrance fees waived [14].

Freda Katherine Jones (née Mackrell) was a “medieval historian and archivist” [44].

Mr J. Mauchline(28 May 1929) [32]

? (Adm). Had returned to UK by May 1929 [18, 32]

MA Semitic LanguagesBD [18, 45]

Glasgow University [18, 32]

Worked on “the topography and antiquities of the Hebrew period” [32] and linguistic studies 1928/29 [18]

“nominated by Glasgow University” [32].

John Mauchline (1902-1984) had a long standing association with Glasgow University, serving as the University’s Professor of Old Testament Language and Literature (1935-1972), Dean of the Faculty of Divinity (1948-1951) and Principal of Trinity College Glasgow (1953-1984) [45].

Mr. Hine(28 May 1929) [32]

1927 (Adm)[30],1927-1929 (duration)

BA [30] Exeter College, Oxford [30]

Took part in excavations at Beisan 1927-1928 [30]; Due to illness was unable to do season at Beisan in 1928-29; proposed to do a “preliminary survey of the human remains in Palestine” [32]. Set out to do survey in July 1929 but “was prevented by the political

Given an award of ₤50.00 from Mond’s Studentship for travelling expenses in his survey of human remains [46].

H. J. Hine worked as a member of the “scientific staff” at Beisan/Beth-Shan; the other members noted by Alan Rowe in 1930 were G. M. FitzGerald (q.v.) the Assistant Field Director, S. Yeivin and Dr. I. Ben-Dor




Qualification



Biographical Notes

disturbances from entering Palestine via Egypt – he proceeded thence to Athens, but being taken ill was forced to return to England” [46].

[47].

Mr M. B. Aviyonah [sic][no associated BSAJ Minute Book entry] [18]

1929 (Adm) [18, 37]1929 (duration)

None stated. University College London

Hebrew University Jerusalem [18, 37]

Assisted with excavations at Ophel with C. N. Johns (q.v .) [37]; “studying the fragments of the lead sarcophagi in the Palestine Museum” in 1929 [18]

None stated. Michael Avi-Yonah (1904-1974) was appointed an assistant to the Library section of the Palestine Museum in 1930/31 [19], and later became Professor of Archaeology and History of Art at Hebrew University [48]. He edited the multi-volume Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, published in the 1970s [71].

Mr R. W. Hamilton [no associated BSAJ Minute Book entry] [18, 37]

1929 (Adm) [18,37]1928-1930 (duration)

BA, Senior Demyship [18]

Magdalen College Oxford [18]

“took part in excavation at Jerash, and studied Arabic, topography and antiquities” [18]; worked at Meydum with Pennsylvania University Museum excavations, 1929; took part in Jerash excavations 1929/30 [31].

None stated. Robert William Hamilton (1905-1995) was appointed Chief Inspector in the Palestine Antiquities Department in 1931 [19]. In 1938 he took over the Directorship of the Department on Ernest




Qualification



Biographical Notes

Tatham Richmond’s departure [49].

Miss Mary Kitson-Clark [no associated BSAJ Minute Book entry] [18, 37].

1929 [18, 37] BA Cambridge University [18, 37]

Helped D. Garrod (q. v.) at Athlit with E. K. Ewbank (q. v.) in 1929 [18]

Cambridge University Studentship [18]

[Anna] Mary [Hawthorn] Chitty (née Kitson-Clark) (1905-2005) later specialised in Romano-British archaeology, serving as curator of the Yorkshire Museum in York from 1941-1943. She married Rev. D. J. Chitty (q.v.) in 1943 [34, 39, 50].

Miss Elinor Ewbank [no associated BSAJ Minute Book entry] [18, 37]

1929 [18] BA [18] Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford [18]

Helped D. Garrod (q. v.) at Athlit in 1929 with M. Kitson-Clark (q. v.); became ill during season [18].

None stated. Elinor Katherine Ewbank (d. 1958) was a chemist. She eventually worked in the Dyson-Perkins Laboratory, publishing several co-authored papers [51, 115].

Miss Muriel Bentwich(21 November 1930) [52]

Nov 1930 (Adm)[52]1931-1932 (duration)


Assisted in Samaria excavations and prepared “coloured studies of the frescoes and other objects found” in 1930/31 with K. Kenyon (q. v.), N. Wright and A. G. Buchanan (q.v.) [19, 72]; assisted at Samaria 1931/32 with Kenyon, Wright, Buchanan, and H. Barr (q. v.) [55, 72];

Proposed by BSAJ Director J. W. Crowfoot; given a grant from the Studentship Fund [52].

Muriel Bentwich (later Moschenson) (1889-1981) was educated at the Slade School, and worked as an artist in Palestine where her brother, Norman Bentwich, was the Attorney General for the




Qualification



Biographical Notes

assisted at Samaria 1932/33 with Kenyon, Buchanan, J. Crowfoot (q. v.), N. de Crespigny (q.v.), K. M. E. Murray (q. v.), and C. Inge (q. v.) [40, 72].

Palestine Government [53, 54]. After her Samaria work, Bentwich was an assistant on the Palestine Exploration Fund’s excavations at Gezer in 1933/34 and on Baron E. de Rothschild’s excavations at et Tell [116].

Rev. Ninian B. Wright(21 November 1930) [52]

Nov 1930 (Adm) [52]1931 (duration)

MA [19] Aberdeen University [19, 52]

Assisted in Samaria excavations, particularly “coins and inscribed Rhodian jar-handles” in 1930/31with K. Kenyon (q. v.), M. Bentwich (q. v.) and A. G. Buchanan (q. v.) [19, 72]; returned to Samaria 1931/32 with K. Kenyon, A. G. Buchanan, M. Bentwich and H. Barr [55, 72].

Admission pending appointment to a Travelling Studentship from Aberdeen University [52]. Appointed to a Wilson Studentship from Aberdeen [52, 56].

In addition to his work at Samaria, Rev. Ninian Wright travelled to Aleppo, Smyrna and various parts of the Eastern Mediterranean. His report to the Wilson Trustees is now held in the Aberdeen University archives [56].

Mr C. W. Dugmore [no associated BSAJ Minute Book entry] [19]

1930/31[19] None stated. Exeter College, Oxford[19]

Travel and linguistic studies (Hebrew and Arabic), in conjunction with Hebrew University [19].

None stated. Rev. Clifford William Dugmore (1909-1990) later became Senior Lecturer in Ecclesiastical History at Manchester (1946-1948) and Professor of Ecclesiastical




Qualification



Biographical Notes

History at King’s College London (1958-1976). He edited the Journal of Ecclesiastical History from 1950-1978 [57].

Miss K. Kenyon(2 October 1931) [58]

1930/31 (Adm) [58]

BA[19]

Somerville College, Oxford [19]

Assisted in Samaria excavations 1930/31 with A. G. Buchanan (q.v.), N. Wright (q.v.), M. Bentwich (q.v.) and was particularly responsible for “supervision of work at the Hippodrome and on the summit” [19, 72]; supervised summit excavations at Samaria 1931/32 with H. Barr (q.v.), M. Bentwich, A. G. Buchanan and N. Wright [55, 72]; supervised summit excavations at Samaria 1932/33 with K. M. E. Murray (q. v.), C. H. Inge (q.v.), N. de Crespigny (q.v.) M. Bentwich, J. Crowfoot (q. v.) and A. G. Buchanan [72]; worked at Samaria objects in England 1933/34 with A. G. Buchanan [41]; supervised “principal field work” at Samaria in 1934/35 [83].

None stated. Kathleen Mary Kenyon (1906-1978) had a long career in archaeology which continues to be a subject of much research. She acquired archaeological experience at Gertrude Caton-Thompson’s excavations at Great Zimbabwe in 1929, and Mortimer and Tessa Wheeler’s excavations at Verulamium, St Albans in 1930, where she met Nancy de Crespigny (q. v.) and Joan Crowfoot (q. v.) before admission to the BSAJ and subsequent work in Samaria. Kenyon later excavated at Jericho and in Jerusalem. She was the daughter of Sir Frederic George Kenyon,




Qualification



Biographical Notes

President of the British Academy and Director of the British Museum [59].

Dr P. Van Heerden(2 October 1931) [58]

1930/31 (Adm) [58]

MD [19] Amsterdam[19]

Work at Athlit with D. Garrod (q. v.), T. McCown and Miss Heseltine in 1930/31 [19].

None stated. Dr Petronella van Heerden (1887-1975) grew up in Capetown, South Africa, and was the first qualified female Afrikaner physician. While a practicing gynaecologist in Cape Town she became involved in suffrage campaigns in the 1920s and a member of the ‘Purified’ National Party until the 1930s when members’ sympathies to Nazi ideology caused her to leave the party. On retiring from medicine van Heerden became a farmer [60, 61].

Miss Helene Barr(2 October 1931) [58]

Oct 1931 (Adm) [58]

Student [58] London School of Oriental Studies[55], 58]

Modern Arabic studies; assistance at Samaria in 1932, with K. Kenyon (q. v.), N. Wright (q. v.), M. Bentwich (q. v.), A. G. Buchanan (q. v.) [55, 72]

Paid entrance fee of ₤10.00 [58].

None available.

Miss Elisabeth Oct 1931 (Adm) B. A.; M. Sc. Girton “Special work at Athlit” [58] - Grant of ₤50.00 Elisabeth [also spelled




Qualification



Biographical Notes

Kitson(2 October 1931) [58]

[40] College, Cambridge

University College London [40]

Wady el Mughara expedition directed by D. Garrod (q. v.) with J. J. Hopkins (q. v.), E. Dyott (q. v.) and T. P. O’Brien (q. v.); completing excavations at Mugharet-el-Wad with T. P. O’Brien (q. v.) ; collaborated on Mugharet-et-Tabun with J. J. Hopkins in 1932/33 [40, 58].

awarded from the Studentship Fund [58].

Elizabeth] Kitson worked in Kenya with Louis Leakey at Kariandusi in 1929 before going to Palestine. In 1930 she was awarded the Benington Memorial Studentship for craniological and anthropometrical research by University College, becoming part of the Biometric Laboratory in the Department of Applied Statistics headed by Karl Pearson. She published two papers applying these methods to her work in Africa in 1931 and 1933. The Yorkshire Archaeological Society now holds letters, photographs and diaries from her archaeological work in both places [73, 74, 75, 76, 77].

Miss Jacquetta Hopkins (31 March 1932) [78]

1932 Session (Adm)

B. A.[40]

Newnham CollegeCambridg

Garrod intended Hopkins, Kitson (q. v.) and Dyott (q. v.) to work with her in Palestine on

None stated. Jacquetta Hopkins (1910-1996) married her first husband, archaeologist




Qualification



Biographical Notes

e[40]

her return to the country [78]; assisted D. Garrod (q. v.) at Wady el Mughara excavation with E. Kitson (q. v.) and E. Dyott (q. v.) and T. P. O’Brien (q. v.), directed Mugharet-et-Tabun excavations with E. Kitson[40].

Christopher Hawkes, in 1933. She became a noted author, publishing poetry, plays, biography, fiction and guidebooks as well as academic articles. She had a long and varied career following literary, archaeological and cultural pursuits [79].

Mr T. Patrick O’Brien (31 March 1932) [78]

Session 1931/32 (Adm)

Previous experience excavating with British School of Archaeology in Egypt at Tell el-Ajjul [55].

University College London [40]

Assisting in clearance of caves begun by Garrod and Turville-Petre, under the supervision of Theodore McCown, who had taken over Turville-Petre’s licence due to T-P’s illness with H. Movius (see N. de Crespigny (q. v.)) at Mugharat-es-Sukhul in 1931/32 [78, 55]; took part in Wady el Mughara excavation directed by D. Garrod (q. v.) with E. Kitson, E. Dyott (q. v.) and J. J. Hopkins (q. v.) and collaborated with E. Kitson in Mugharat-el-Wad excavations in 1932/33 [40].

None stated. Terence Patrick O’Brien (1909-1968) was heavily involved in archaeology in East Africa, particularly Uganda. He spent a year studying Egyptology at UCL in 1930, followed by work with Flinders Petrie in Gaza before joining Garrod’s excavations. He later undertook futher training in Cambridge. He spent 18 months researching in Uganda, forming the basis for his book, The Prehistory of Ugandan Protectorate (1939) [80, 81].

Miss Eleanor 1932 [40] None stated. None Assistance at Athlit directed by None stated. Eleanor Dyott (1908-




Qualification



Biographical Notes

Dyott[no associated BSAJ Minute Book entry] [40]

stated. D. Garrod (q. v.) with J. J. Hopkins (q. v.) and E. Kitson (q. v.), cleaning and registration of objects and “work on flints” in Jerusalem in 1932/33 session; futher work at Athlit in spring 1933; worked with D. Garrod (q. v.) and J. Crowfoot (q. v.) at Athlit 1933/34 [40, 41]; participated in the Wellcome Expedition to Tell-Duweir 1934/35 with C. H. Inge (q. v.) [83].

1982) married William Boyd Kennedy Shaw in 1936. Both had been members of the Wellcome-Marston Expedition’s excavations at Tell Duweir under J. L. Starkey in 1934/35, later working for the Palestine Department of Antiquities from 1936-1940. W. B. Kennedy Shaw is well known for his archaeological and botanical explorations in Libya in the 1930s and membership in the Long Range Desert Group [82, 83, 84, 85].

Mr. C. H. Inge[no associated BSAJ Minute Book entry] [40]

1932[40]

None stated. Oriel College, Oxford

Member of the Wellcome-Colt expedition to Tell el Duweir co-financed by H. Dunscombe Colt (q. v.); assisted at Samaria in 1933 with K. Kenyon (q. v.), K. M. E. Murray (q. v.), N. DeCrespigny (q. v.), M. Bentwich (q. v.), J Crowfoot (q. v.), A. G. Buchanan (q. v.) [72]; assisted on the Wellcome

None stated. Following the murder of J. L. Starkey in 1938, Charles H. Inge took over as Director of the Wellcome-Marston expedition to Tell Duweir (Lachish). Inge later became Director of Antiquities in Aden [86, 87, 117].




Qualification



Biographical Notes

Archaeological Expedition at Tell Duweir 1933/34, 1934/35 with E. Dyott (q. v.) [40, 41, 83].

Mr H. Dunscombe Colt (28 September 1933) [88]

Before 28 September 1933 (Adm) [87]; 1935-36 session [89].


Excavation of Isbeita, permit secured for excavation [88]. Colt was assisted by T. P. Colin Baly (q. v.) and L. J. Upton Way (q. v.) in 1933/34; Colt, Baly and Upton Way accompanied John Crowfoot and Molly Crowfoot on an expedition to Bosra [41].

Colt met all expenses of the excavation “from a special fund at his disposal” [88].

American-born Harris Dunscombe Colt (1901-1973) financed and directed the Colt Expedition from 1933-1938. After negotiations between Colt and the BSAJ Council, members of Colt’s expedition were admitted as BSAJ Students in 1935/36 (see Baly (q. v.), Upton Way (q. v.), Bird (q. v.), Burton (q. v.) Kendal (q. v.) and de la Motte (q. v.) [42]. The Expedition worked on four sites: Sbeitah (Subeta/Isbeita), ‘Auja el Hafir (Nessana), Khalasah (Elusu), and ‘Abdeh (Eboda) [90]. Colt had previously been involved in excavations in Malta with Themistocles Zammit, Curator (later Director) of the Valletta




Qualification



Biographical Notes

museum and Louis John Upton Way (q. v.), and in Tell el-Fara with W. M. Flinders Petrie and the British School of Egyptian Archaeology with Olga Tufnell, J. L. Starkey and G. Lankester Harding. He co-sponsored the first season’s excavations at Lachish in 1932/33 with Henry Wellcome [91, 92].

Miss K. M. E. Murray[no associated BSAJ Minute Book entry] [40]

1933 [40] B. A. [40] Somerville College, Oxford [40]

Assisted at Samaria with A. G. Buchanan (q. v.), M. Bentwich (q. v.), K. Kenyon (q. v.), C. Inge (q. v.), J. Crowfoot (q. v.), N. DeCrespigny (q. v.) [72]; supervising excavation of tower and shrine1933 [40].

Mond studentship [40].

Katherine Maud Elisabeth “Betty” Murray (1909-1998) graduated with a degree in History from Somerville in 1931 and obtained a BLitt in 1933 for a thesis later published as The Constitutional History of the Cinque Ports (1935). After working in administrative positions at Girton College, Cambridge and publishing futher research on the Cinque Ports, Murray became




Qualification



Biographical Notes

Principal of Bishop Otter College in Chichester, a small teacher training college for women from 1948-1970. She became active in archaeology in Sussex as President of the Sussex Archaeological Society. Murray’s correspondence from Samaria is held by the Palestine Exploration Fund [.

Mr Honeyman(8 October 1934) [94]

Oct 1934 (Adm) [94]

None stated. University of Glasgow

University of Chicago [83, 94]

Visiting sites in Palestine and studying modern Hebrew and Arabic; preparing a publication “on Biblical references to pots and potmaking” [83].

Nominated by Prof. W. B. Stevenson, Glasgow University [94]

Alexander Mackie Honeyman (1907-1988) later became Professor of Hebrew and Oriental Languages at St Andrews University in Scotland [95].

Miss N. le Ch. De Crespigny(1 October 1935) [42]

1933 [40]Readmitted for 1935-36 session [42].

None stated. Adelaide and London University[40]

Assistance at Samaria with K. Kenyon (q. v.), M. Bentwich (q. v.), C. Inge (q. v.), A. G. Buchanan (q. v.), J. Crowfoot (q. v.), K. M. E. Murray (q. v.), particularly excavations at the theatre and columned street in 1933 [40, 72].

None stated. Nancy de Crespigny was born in Australia, graduating from the University of Melbourne in 1933 with a degree in history and studied further at the University of London. Before joining the Samaria excavations,




Qualification



Biographical Notes

de Crespigny met Kathleen Kenyon (q. v.) and Joan Crowfoot (q.v.) on Mortimer and Tessa Wheeler’s excavations at Verulamium in St Albans, Hertfordshire. De Crespigny married Hallam Movius, Jr. an American archaeologist (see T. P. O’Brien (q. v.)). Together they explored prehistoric sites in Southeast Asia, China and France, making their home in Massachusetts, USA where Hallam Movius worked as curator of Paleolithic Archaeology at Harvard University’s Peabody Museum [59, 96, 97].

Miss E. W. Gardner(1 October 1935) [42]

1935-36 session (Adm) [42]


None stated. None stated. Elinor Wight Gardner (1892-c. 1980) was a geologist. Educated at Newnham College Cambridge, she became Lecturer in Geology at Bedford College London.




Qualification



Biographical Notes

In the mid-1920s, Gardner worked as geologist on Gertrude Caton-Thompson’s excavations of the prehistoric period at the Fayum in Egypt. As a member of the Geological Section of the Wellcome Archaeological Expedition to the Near East, she examined a site in Bethlehem, where the bones of an elephant had been found [99], with D. M. Bate. Gardner joined Caton-Thompson and Freya Stark on an expedition to Hadhramaut in 1937/1938 [100, 101].

Thomas James Colin Baly(15 January 1936) [102]

1935-36 session (Adm) [102]


Member of the Colt Archaeological Expedition to Esbeita/Isbeita [41]; accompanied H. Dunscombe Colt (q. v.), L. J. Upton Way (q. v.) and John Crowfoot and Molly Crowfoot on expedition to Bosra in 1934 [41]; directed

Admitted as part of the Colt Expedition [42].

T. J. Colin Baly served as the Assistant Director for the Colt Expedition to Auja el-Hefir (Nessana), the site to which the Expedition moved for the 1935/36 and 1936/37 seasons following a




Qualification



Biographical Notes

field work with L. J. Upton Way (q. v.) and G. E. Kirk (q. v) in 1935/36 and 1936/37 [103].

drought in Isbeita [103]. He had formerly been associated with the Egypt Exploration Society [41, 104].

Lewis John Upton Way (15 January 1936) [102]

1935-36 session (Adm) [102]


Member of the Colt Archaeological Expedition to Esbeita/Isbeita [41]; accompanied H. Dunscombe Colt (q. v.),T. J. Colin Baly (q. v.) and John Crowfoot and Molly Crowfoot on expedition to Bosra in 1934 [41]; directed fieldwork with T. J. Colin Baly (q. v.) and G. E. Kirk (q. v.) in 1935/36 and 1936/37 [103].


Upton Way worked on prehistoric sites in Malta with H. Dunscombe Colt in the mid 1920s before joining the Colt Expedition in Palestine. He was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and the Royal Geographical Society [91, 103].

Welbury A. Kendal(15 January 1936) [102]

1935-36 session (Adm) [102]


Member of the Colt Archaeological Expedition to Esbeita/Isbeita; responsible for measurements, and drew plans and reconstructions for the Colt Expedition excavations at Auja el-Hafir (Nessana) in 1935/36 and 1936/37 [103].


Welbury Kendal was an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects [103].

Hubert E. Bird(15 January 1936) [102]

1935-36 session (Adm)


Member of the Colt Archaeological Expedition to Esbeita/Isbeita; surveyor for the Colt Expedition excavations at Auja el-Hafir (Nessana) and


None available.




Qualification



Biographical Notes

responsible for drawing the architectural fragments in 1935/36 and 1936/37 [103].

Miss L. P. Burton(15 January 1936) [102]



Member of the Colt Archaeological Expedition to Esbeita/Isbeita


None available.

Miss J. de la Motte(15 January 1936) [102]



Member of the Colt Archaeological Expedition to Esbeita/Isbeita


None available.

Miss Joan Crowfoot(15 January 1936) [102]

1935-36 session (Adm) [102]


Assistance at Samaria 1933 with K. Kenyon (q. v.), M. Bentwich (q. v.), A. G. Buchanan (q. v.), N. DeCrespigny (q. v.), K. M. E. Murray (q. v.), C. Inge (q. v.) [72]; Assistance at Athlit with D. Garrod (q. v.) and E. Dyott (q. v.) in 1933/34 [41]; Cataloguing flints at the Palestine Archaeological Museum and working at Jericho with Prof. Garstang 1935/36 [83, 102].

None stated. Joan Crowfoot (1912-2002) was the daughter of BSAJ Director John Crowfoot and Molly Crowfoot. She married Denis Payne in 1937, and twenty years later was appointed Cataloguer in the Ashmolean Museum with particular responsibilities for the museum’s Egyptian collections. She published several scholarly articles on flints including those from Garstang and K. Kenyon’s excavations at Jericho,




Qualification



Biographical Notes

and produced a catalogue of the Museum’s collection of Egyptian and Nubian material in 1993 [105, 106, 107, 108, 118, 119, 120]. She had previously worked on Tessa and Mortimer Wheeler’s excavations at Verulamium, St Albans, where she met Nancy de Crespigny (q. v.) and Kathleen Kenyon (q. v.) [59].

Mr James Stewart(15 January 1936) [102]


None stated. Trinity HallCambridge

“Travelling in the Near East” [102]

None stated. James Rivers Barrington Stewart (1913-1962) was born in Australia to South African parents. He studied archaeology and anthropology at Cambridge, obtaining a B. A. in 1934. After excavating in Palestine he conducted excavations in Cyprus in the late 1930s in association with the British School at Athens, his interests being in links between Cyprus and




Qualification



Biographical Notes

Anatolia during the Early Bronze Age. After service in the Second World War Barrington returned to Australia to become Senior Lecturer and later head of the Archaeology Department and Professor of Middle Eastern Archaeology at the University of Sydney [109].

Mr Kirk(15 January 1936) [102]

1935-36 session (Adm) [102]

None stated. Cambridge [102]

“Travelling in the Near East” [102]; responsible for field work reconstructions at the Colt Expedition excavations at Auja el-Hafir (Nessana) with T. J. Colin Baly (q. v.) and L. J. Upton Way (q. v.) and worked on copying graffiti and tracing inscriptions in 1935/36 and 1936/37 [103].

None stated. Kirk later became assistant to P. L. O. Guy, Crowfoot’s successor as the Director of the BSAJ in 1936, and worked on the Archaeological Survey of Palestine, which became the School’s chief project under Guy’s Directorship. In 1940 he succeeded Guy as BSAJ Director [11, 110].


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[4] The Times. 19 May 1942. Professor M. A. Canney. The Times (49239, Col E), p. 6 [5] Richardson, M. E. J. 2005. The First Fifty Years: Background and History. Journal of Semitic Studies, 50 (1), 1-22, DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgi001.

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[8]British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem. 1923. Bulletin No. 3. London: Council of the BSAJ, pp. 19-34.



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