S13_Applications and Performance of NDT Technologies in Condition Assessment of Concrete Bridge...

7/29/2019 S13_Applications and Performance of NDT Technologies in Condition Assessment of Concrete Bridge Decks_LTC2013

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Applications and Performance of

NDT Technologies in Condition

Assessment of Concrete Bridge

Decks

Nenad GucunskiRutgers University

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

2013 Louisiana Transportation Conference

February 18, Baton Rouge, LA


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SHRP 2 R06-ANDT for Bridge Decks 2013 LTC

NDT for Bridge Decks 2013 LTC

Bridge Deck Damage


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Typical Deck Deterioration


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Roughly 600,000 Nations bridges with an average

age of 44 years. At the same time concrete decks are

deteriorating faster than other bridge components. Between 50 and 85% of bridge maintenance funds

are spent to repair or replace portions of the

Nations 2.8 billion square feet of bridge decks.

Several billions are spent annually to maintain, repairand replace bridge decks.


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Traditional Methods of Deck Evaluation


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NDE Techniques for Bridge Decks

Resistivity

GPR

Seismic/Ultrasonic

GPR Ultrasonics

Impact Echo

Half-

Cell

Ultrasonics and

Impact Echo


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SHRP 2 R06-ANDT for Bridge Decks 2013 LTCNDT for Bridge Decks 2013 LTC

Project Objectives

1. To identify and characterize rapid NDT technologies

for concrete deck deterioration;

2. To evaluate the strengths and limitations of

applicable NDT technologies from theperspective of speed, accuracy, precision, and ease

of use; to validate the promising technologies;

3. To recommend test procedures and protocolsfor the most effective application of the bridge deck

NDT methods evaluated, and;

4. To develop an NDT repository for practitioners.


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Outline

NDE technology validation objectives

Validation testing of NDT technologies

Field validation testing

Laboratory validation testing

Grading of NDT technologies

Electronic repository of NDT technologies NDToolbox

Conclusions and anticipated impacts


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Project Flow and Anticipated Impacts

NDT Technology RankingTest Bed Selection

Panel ReviewPhase II Work Plan

Validation TestingRecommendations

Electronic ResourceFinal Report

Improved Knowledge on

NDT for Bridge Decks andFoundation for Better AssetManagement

Project InitiationLiterature Search


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Selection of Deterioration Types

The evaluation of NDT technologies was carried out

with respect to the following four deterioration types:

Delamination,

Corrosion,

Cracking, and

Concrete degradation.


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Selection of Performance Measures

Five performance measures selected for categorizing

and ranking of technologies:

Accuracy,

Repeatability, Ease of data collection, analysis and interpretation,

Speed of data collection and analysis, and

Cost of data collection and analysis.


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Considered NDE Technologies

1. Impact echo

2. Ultrasonic pulse echo (UPE)

3. Ultrasonic surface waves (USW)

4. Impulse response (IR)

5. Ground penetrating radar (GPR)6. Microwave moisture technique

7. Eddy current

8. Half-cell potential

9. Galvanostatic pulse measurement (GPM)

10.Electrical resistivity (ER)11.Infrared (IR) thermography

12.Visual inspection

13.Chain drag/hammer sounding

14.Chloride concentration measurement


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Project InitiationLiterature Search


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Validation Testing Objectives and Scope

Objectives:

1. Conduct validation testing

2. Document generic features of NDT technologies

Scope:

1. Field validation testing on a real bridge

2.Laboratory validation testing on a deck withprefabricated deterioration and defects


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Field Validation Testing

1. Testing conducted on the LTBP Program bridge in

Haymarket, VA, on a section approximately 84 x 12 ft.

Testing took place in November, 2010.

2. Concentrated on repeatability, speed, ease of use of NDT

technologies.

3. Information regarding the costassociated with the testing

obtained from the participants.


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Rt.15 over I-66 Bridge, Haymarket, VA


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Field Validation Test Area

NTesting

Area

Parking

Area


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Field Validation Testing

AB

CDEF

0 10 20 30 40 50

A

B

C

D

E

F

0 10 20 30 40

Test line for repeatability testing

Test lines and points for the result reporting

Core locations for corrosion validation

Core locations for vertical crack validation

Core locations for delamination validationCore locations for delamination validation

Core locations for concrete deterioration validation


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Haymarket Bridge Deck Surface


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Haymarket Bridge Deck Surface


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Vertical Crack Evaluation


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Validation Cores


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GPR Single Antenna Systems

S


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GPR Single Antenna System

SHRP 2 R06 A


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GPR Single Antenna System

SHRP 2 R06 A


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GPR Multi Antenna Systems

SHRP 2 R06 A


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GPR Multi Antenna System

SHRP 2 R06 A


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Impact Echo and Surface Wave Testing

SHRP 2 R06 A


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Impact Echo Testing

SHRP 2 R06 A


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Air-Coupled Impact Echo

SHRP 2 R06 A


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Air-Coupled Impact Echo

SHRP 2 R06 A


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Impulse Response

SHRP 2 R06 A


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Surface Wave Testing

SHRP 2 R06 A


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Air-Coupled Surface Wave Testing

SHRP 2 R06 A


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Galvano-static Pulse Measurement

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Chain Drag

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Hammer Sounding

SHRP 2 R06-A


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SHRP 2 R06 ANDT for Bridge Decks 2013 LTC

Field Validation of NDT Technologies

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Sample Impact Echo Results

Incipient Delamination Area with no DelaminationShallow Top Concrete

Delamination

A

B

C

D

E

FG

A

B

C

D

E

FG

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Sample Impact Echo Results

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Sample GPR Results

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Sample GPR Results

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Longitudinal Distance (ft)

Depth Corrected GPR Condition

0

5

10

-40 -30 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4

SERIOUS POOR GOODFAIR

Signal Attenuation (Normalized dB) as Condition Indicator

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Delamination Detection ResultsParticipant

#Technology C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8

9 IE

9Chain Drag/

Hammer Sounding

6 AC IE

7 IE

1 IE

2 Infrared

Correct Detection False Detection Approximate DetectionNo data available:

N/A

Participant # C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8

1

8 N/A N/A N/A

9

4/5

4

Correct Detection False DetectionApproximate

Detection

No data available:

N/A

Impact

Echo

GPR

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Sample Corrosion Assessment Results

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80


5

10

5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95

Corrosion Rate Grade

VeryHigh

High

Modto

LowLow Decreasing Corrosion Rate Indication

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80


0

4

8

12

-720 -600 -480 -360 -307 -237 -180 -140 -100 -60

90% prob. ofno corrosion

90% prob. ofcorrosion

transition

Electrical

Resistivity

Half-Cell

Potential

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Sample Results Technology Repeatability

SHRP 2 R06-A


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NDT for Bridge Decks 2013 LTCNDT for Bridge Decks 2013 LTC

Validation Testing

2. Laboratory component (conducted at UTEP, mid

December, 2010 to mid January 2011)

a. Testing on a prepared 20x8 ft bare deck slab with aseries of defects/deteriorations (delaminations,

vertical cracks, corrosion).

b. Testing on a section of a real bridge where

deterioration and defects were determined after the

validation testing through autopsies.c. Concentrated on accuracy and repeatability of NDT

technologies.

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Test Slab with Simulated Deterioration

Shallow Delamination Shallow Very Thin Delamination

Shallow Severe Delamination Deep Delamination

Vertical Cracking Rebar Corrosion

Test Lines and Points Core Location

8

ft

20 ft

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17

DL8

DL9

C3 C4

C1 C2

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Laboratory Validation Fabricated Slab

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Cores from the Validation Slab

C3

Very Thin

Delamination

Delamination

Thick

Delamination

C2C1

Delamination

Corroded Rebar in Core:

Black Corrosion (Fe3O4)

C4

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Seismic/Ultrasonic and GPR Testing

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Galvanostatic Pulse Measurement and GPR

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Contact and Air-Coupled Impact Echo and

Surface Wave Testing

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Chain Drag and Hammer Sounding

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Delamination Detection from Impact Echo


Shallow Severe Delamination Deep DelaminationVertical Cracking Rebar Corrosion

Test Lines and Points

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17

Frequency[kHz]

4

6

8

10

12

14

# of Column2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 181

#ofRow

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

SC=Shallow delamination

SC

SC

SC SC

SC

4.2 in.

3~6 in.

4 in.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Longitudinal Distance

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

LateralDistance

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Delamination Detection Results GPR


Shallow Severe Delamination Deep DelaminationVertical Cracking Rebar Corrosion

Test Lines and Points

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Infrared Thermography Result

`

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Grading of NDT Technologies - Accuracy

Detectability

Extent

(weight =0.3)

Detectability

Threshold

(weight = 0.3)

Severity of

Deterioration

(weight = 0.4)

8 Air-Couplded 3 3 1 2.2

4 Ground Coupled 3 3 1 2.2

1 Ground-Coupled 1 1 1 1.0



4 Scanning System 3 3 3 3.0

6 Air-Coupled 5 5 1 3.47 Air-Coupled 3 3 1 2.2



IE-USW 9 Stationary 3 5 1 2.8 2.8 2.8

Infrared 2 Handheld Camera 3 3 1 2.2 2.2 2.2

Chain Drag 9 -- 3 1 1 1.6 1.6 1.6

GPM-HCP 4 Stationary 3 1 3 2.4 2.4 2.4



HCP 9 Stationary 3 3 1 2.2 2.2 2.4

1 Stationary 3 1 1 1.6

4 Stationary 3 3 3 3.0

SWT 7 Stationary 3 3 3 3.0 3.0 3.0

TOFD 7 Stationary 3 1 1 1.6 1.6 1.6

Concrete

D

egradation

USW 9 Stationary 3 3 5 3.8 3.8 3.8

DefectAverage

Point

Max.

Point

1.7 2.2

Delamination

2.8 3.4

Technology Participant Device Point

GPR

Performance Parameters for Accuracy

Impact Echo

GPRRebar

Co

rrosion

CrackDepth

1.6 1.6

SASW 2.3 3.0

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Grading of NDT Technologies - Speed

Technology Participant

Speed (ft2/hr)

(Raw Data)

Speed

(Grade)

Overall Grade

Data

CollectionData Analysis

Data Collection

(WF = 0.6)

Data Analysis

(WF = 0.4)

Infrared 2 1750 1008 4 5 4.4

GPR (Aladdin) 4/5 2931 5 3 4.2

GPR 8 2871 600 5 3 4.2

GPR 9 2313 800 5 3 4.2

GPR 4 2032 5 3 4.2

Electrical Resistivity 9 1415 1008 3 5 3.8

Infrared 10 1227 3 5 3.8

Half Cell Potential 9 1156 1008 3 5 3.8

Impulse Response 3 1217 1008 3 5 3.8

GPR (Hand cart) 1 2188 252 5 1 3.4

GPR 5 2060 120 5 1 3.4

Chain drag/hammer

sounding9 802 1008 2 5 3.2

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Grading of NDT Technologies - Speed

Technology # of Participants Max Grade Average Grade

Infrared 2 4.4 4.1

GPR 5 4.2 3.9

ER 1 3.8 3.8

HCP 1 3.8 3.8

Impulse R 1 3.8 3.8

Chain Drag 1 3.2 3.2

GPM 1 2.4 2.4

USW 1 2.4 2.4

impact Echo 6 2.8 2.3

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Grading of NDT Technologies- Ease of Use

Technology Participant

DataCollection

Data Analysis Potential forAutomation Overall Index

for Ease of Use

WF = 0.45 WF = 0.4 WF = 0.15

Infrared 10 3.7 5 3 4.1

Chain drag/hammer sounding 9 3.4 5 3 4

Infrared 2 3.2 5 3 3.9

Resistivity 9 3.7 3 5 3.6

Half Cell 9 3.2 3 5 3.4

Impulse Response 3 2.3 3 3 2.7

Galvanostatic Pulse Meas. 4 2.1 3 3 2.6

Impact echo 9 3.0 1 5 2.5

GPR 9 3.2 1 3 2.3

GPR 1 3.2 1 3 2.3

GPR 5 3.2 1 3 2.3

GPR 4 3.2 1 3 2.3

IE-SASW(Surface Waves) 4 3.2 1 3 2.3

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Grading of NDT Technologies - Cost

$-

$0.10

$0.20

$0.30

$0.40

$0.50

$0.60

$0.70

$0.80

Radar Acoustic Chain D/

Hammer S

Infrared Electro-chemical

OverallCost/ft2

(exc

ludingthetrafficco

ntrol)

5000 ft2 Bridge

10000 ft2 Bridge

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Summary Grades

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Project Initiation

Literature Search

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Content of Electronic NDT Repository

1. Summarized information on all recommended

methods for bridge deck evaluation, to obtain:

a. information about a particular NDT technique,

and

b. a prioritized list of NDT techniques for different

types of deterioration detection.

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Content of Electronic NDT Repository

2. Documentation for recommended test procedures,

protocols, and available standards and guidelines,

3. Samples of data output, results presentation and

interpretation,4. Equipment features, including cost, availability and

specifications,

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Expanded NDT Toolbox for Transportation

Infrastructure AssetsIncorporated additional SHRP 2 projects:

1. R06B: Evaluating Applications of Field Spectroscopy Devices

to Fingerprint Commonly Used Construction Materials

2. R06C: Using Both Infrared and High-Speed Ground PenetratingRadar for Uniformity Measurement on New HMA Layers

3. R06D: Nondestructive Testing to Identify Delaminations

between HMA Layers

4. R06E: Real-Time Smoothness Measurements on Portland

Cement Concrete Pavements During Construction

5. R06F: Development of Continuous Deflection Device

6. R06G: Mapping Voids, Debonding, Delaminations, Moisture,

and Other Defects Behind or Within Tunnel Linings

SHRP 2 R06-A


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SHRP 2 R06-A


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Conclusions

A number of NDE technologies can provide detailedand accurate information only about a certain type ofdeterioration or defect.

Comprehensive condition assessment of bridge

decks, at this stage, can be achieved only through acomplementary use of multiple technologies.

Complete conclusions and recommendations can befound in the final report

http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/167278.aspx

SHRP 2 R06-A
http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/167278.aspxhttp://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/167278.aspx


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Anticipated Contributions and Impacts

The final product, the electronic repository NDToolbox,

is:

Complete in the subject matter(detailed in

descriptions and discussions, fully illustrated, etc.)

Practical in the manner it conveys guidance to

engineers and maintenance managers, incorporating

a number of itemized checklists of important activities

and actions associated with selecting and executing

NDT to identify the deterioration of bridge decks.

SHRP 2 R06-A


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Thank You!

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