Submission 05: Current and Future Development of Open Source Software and Latest Development in ICT

Current and Future Development of Open Source Software and Latest Development in ICT2013

Submission 05: Current and Future Development of Open Source Software and Latest Development in ICT

Name: Ahmad Imran IdzqandarIdentification Card Number: 970929-12-5417Class: 417

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction22.0 Latest Open Source Operating System (OS)42.1 Meaning of Open Source Operating Software (OS)42.2 Examples of Open Source Operating System (OS)52.2.1 Haiku52.2.2 Linux Mint73.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software103.1 Meaning of open source application software103.2 Examples of Open Source Application Software113.2.1 Mozilla Firefox113.2.2 VLC Media Player144.0 The Latest Development in ICT164.1 Hardware164.2 Software205.0 Pervasive Computing245.1 Meaning of pervasive computing245.2 Two Examples of Pervasive Computing245.2.1 Pebble (watch)255.2.2 Google Glass266.0 Conclusion287.0 References29

1.0 Introduction

Open source softwareis computer software that is available in source code form, the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that permits users to study, change, improve and at times also to distribute the software. Some open source software is available within the public domain. Open source software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open-source software is the most prominent example of open-source development and often compared to user-generated content or open content movements.

Hardware is a general term for the physical artifacts of a technology. It means the physicaldevices or physical components of a computer system, in the form of computer hardware. Hardware of a modern personal computer are monitor, motherboard, CPU, RAM, expansion cards, power supply, optical disc drive, hard disk drive, keyboard and mouse.

Software is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do and how to do it. We can also say software refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of the computer for some purposes. In other words software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithms and its documentation. Program software performs the function program it implements, either by directly providing instructions to the computer hardware or by serving as input to another piece of software. Software is intangible, meaning it "cannot be touched". Software is also sometimes used in a more narrow sense, meaning application software only.

2.0 Latest Open Source Operating System (OS)2.1 Meaning of Open Source Operating Software (OS)

An operating system is a set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources. Most operating system perform similar function that includes starting a computer, provide a user interface, managing program, managing memory and configuring devices. Some operating system also allows user to control a network and administer security.

Open Source Operating System is any operating system that is free to use and which provides the original code where the source code is available (under a copyright license) to the public, which enables them to use, modify or enhance the operating system, and redistribute the modified (or unmodified) form of the operating system. The advance user can modify the code of the operating system to make it works better for them in starting the computer or a likely user interface.

Linuxis the best example of Open Source OS.OpenSolaris, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, GNU etc are other example of Open Source OS's

2.2 Examples of Open Source Operating System (OS)

2.2.1 Haiku

Company/developerHaiku Project

OS familyBeOS

Working stateAlpha

Source modelFree and open source software

Initial releaseOpenBeOS: 2002[1]

Latest unstable releaseR1 Alpha 4.1 / November14,2012

Marketing targetPersonal computer

Availablelanguage(s)Multilingual

Supported platformsIA-32

KerneltypeHybrid

LicenseMIT License,Be Sample Code License

Official websitehaiku-os.org

Description;Haikuis afree and open sourceoperating systemcompatible withBeOS. Its development began in 2001, and the operating system becameself-hostingin 2008. The firstalpha release was made in September 2009, and the most recent was November 2012.Haiku is supported by Haiku Inc., anorganization based inRochester, Newfounded in 2003 by former project leader Michael Phipps.

History ;Haiku began as theOpenBeOSproject in 2001, the year that Be, Inc. was bought byPalm Inc.and BeOS development was discontinued; the focus of the project was to support the BeOS user community by creating an open-source,backward-compatiblereplacement for BeOS. The first project by OpenBeOS was a community-created "stop-gap" update for BeOS 5.0.3 in 2002. In 2003, the non-profit organization Haiku Inc. was registered in Rochester, New York, to financially support development, and in 2004, after a notification of infringement of Palm's trademark of the BeOS name was sent to OpenBeOS, the project was renamedHaiku. However, development would only reach its first milestone in September 2009 with the release of Haiku R1/Alpha 1.

The Haiku operating system

Company/developerClement Lefebvre, Jamie Boo Birse, Kendall Weaver, and community[1]

OS familyUnix-like, based onUbuntu, optionally based onDebian(LMDE)

Working stateActive

Source modelFree and open-source softwareand proprietary

Initial release27August 2006; 7 years ago

Latest stable releaseLinux Mint 15 ("Olivia") / May29, 2013; 3 months ago

Availablelanguage(s)Multilingual[2]

Update methodAPT(+ mintUpdate,Synaptic)

Package managerdpkg

Supported platformsi486,x86-64

KerneltypeMonolithic(Linux)

Defaultuser interface1.0-8:KDE9:GNOME212:GNOME3 withMGSE13-14:Cinnamon/MATE/Xfce/LXDE/KDE

LicenseMainlyGPLand various otherfree software licenses

Official websitewww.linuxmint.com

2.2.2 Linux Mint

Description;Linux Mintis aLinux distributionfor desktop computers, based on UbuntuorDebian. Linux Mint is aimed at being a "modern, elegant and comfortable operating system, which is both powerful and easy to use." Mint provides full box multimedia support by including some proprietarysoftware such asJavaand Adobe. Mint's motto is "from freedom came elegance".New versions of Linux Mint are released every six months. The first release, named "Ada", was released in 2006. Its latest and 15th release is "Olivia".

History;Linux Mint started in 2006 with a beta release of version 1.0,codenamed "Ada", based onKubuntu. Following its release, version 2.0 was the first version to use Ubuntu as itscodebase. Mint had few users from these early versions until the release of 3.0, "Cassandra."[4][5]Version 2.0 "Barbara" was based onUbuntu 6.10, using its package repositories and using it as acodebase. From there, Linux Mint followed its own codebase, building each release from its previous one but it continued to use the package repositories from the latest Ubuntu release. As such the distribution never reallyforked. This resulted in making the base between the two systems almost identical and it guaranteed full compatibility between the twooperating systems.[citation needed]In 2008, Linux Mint adopted the same release cycle as Ubuntu and dropped its minor version number before releasing version 5 "Elyssa". The same year, in an effort to increase the compatibility between the two systems, Linux Mint decided to abandon its code-base and changed the way it built its releases.[citation needed]Starting with version 6 "Felicia" each release was now completely based on the latest Ubuntu release, built directly from it, timed for approximately one month after the corresponding Ubuntu release (i.e. usually in May and November).In 2010 Linux Mint releasedLinux Mint Debian Edition. Unlike the other Ubuntu-based editions, it is arolling releasebased directly onDebian GNU/Linuxand is not tied to Ubuntu packages or its release schedule.

The Linux Mint Operating System

3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software3.1 Meaning of open source application software

Open source application softwareis computer software that is available in source code form for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that permits users to study, change, and improve the software. Open source licenses often meet the requirements of the Open Source Definition. Some open source application software is available within the public domain. Open source application software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open source application software is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to user-generated content or open content movements.The termopen source application softwareoriginated as part of a marketing campaign for free application software.

3.2 Examples of Open Source Application Software3.2.1 Mozilla Firefox

Developer(s)Mozilla Foundationand contributorsMozilla Corporation

Initial releaseSeptember23, 2002; 11years ago

Stable release24.0(September17, 2013; 23days ago)[][1]

Preview release25.0b4(October1, 2013; 9days ago)[][2]

Development statusActive

Written inC/C++,[citation needed]JavaScript,[3]Cascading Style Sheet,[4]XUL,XBL

Operating systemWindows,OS X,Linux,Android,[5]FreeBSD[6]

EngineGecko

Size22MB: Windows[7][8]44MB: OS X[7]27-28MB: Linux[7]22MB: Android[9]510MB: source code[7]

Available in79 languages[10]

TypeWeb browserFeed reader

LicenseMPL[11]

Websitemozilla.org/firefox

Standard(s)HTML5,CSS3,RSS,Atom

Description;Mozilla Firefoxis afree and open source web browserdeveloped forWindows,OS X, andLinux, with amobileversion forAndroid, byMozilla Foundationand its subsidiary, theMozilla Corporation. Firefox uses theGeckolayout engineto render web pages, which implements current and anticipatedweb standards. As of July 2013, Firefox has between 16% and 21% of worldwideusage, making it the third most popular web browser, according to different sources. According to Mozilla, Firefox counts over 450 million users around the world.[18]The browser has had particular success inIndonesia,Germany, and Poland, where it is the most popular browser with 57%,45%,and 44%of the market share, respectively.

Firefox 24 running on Mac OSX

History;The Firefox project began as an experimental branch of theMozilla projectby Dave,Joe HewittandBlake Ross. They believed the commercial requirements ofNetscape's sponsorship and developer-drivencreep compromised the utility of the Mozilla browser. To combat what they saw as theMozilla Suite'ssoftware bloat, they created a stand-alone browser, with which they intended to replace the Mozilla Suite. On April 3, 2003, theMozilla Organizationannounced that they planned to change their focus from the Mozilla Suiteto Firefox andThunderbird.

Phoenix 0.1 screenshot

The Firefox project has undergone several name changes. Originally titledPhoenix, it was renamed because of trademark problems withPhoenix Technologies. The replacement name,Firebird, provoked an intense response from theFirebirdfree database software project. In response, the Mozilla Foundation stated that the browser should always bear the nameMozilla Firebirdto avoid confusion with the database software. After further pressure from the database server's development community, on February 9, 2004, Mozilla Firebird becameMozilla Firefox,[26]often referred to as simplyFirefox. Mozilla prefers that Firefox be abbreviated asFxorfx,though it is often abbreviated asFF.[27]The Firefox project went through many versions before version 1.0 was released on November 9, 2004.

3.2.2 VLC Media Player

Developer(s)VideoLANProject

Initial releaseFebruary1, 2001; 12years ago

Stable release2.1.0[1](September25, 2013; 15days ago)[]

Preview release2.1.0-rc2[2](September12, 2013; 28days ago)[]

Written inC,C++,Objective-CusingQt

Operating systemWindows,OS X,iOS,Linux,Android,BSD,BeOS,OS/2,Solaris,Syllable,QNX[3]

Available in53 languages[4]

TypeMedia player

LicenseGNU General Public Licensev2 or later and LGPL[5][6]

Websitevideolan.org/vlc/

Description;VLC media player(commonly known asVLC) is a portable,free and open-source,platform mediaandstreaming mediaserverwritten by theVideoLANproject.VLC media player supports many audio and video compressionmethods andfile formats, including DVD-Video,video CDand streamingprotocols. It is able to stream overcomputer networkand to transcodemultimedia files.[7]The default distribution of VLC includes a large number of free decoding and encoding libraries, avoiding the need for finding/calibrating proprietary plugins. Many of VLC's codecs are provided by the libavcodeclibrary from theFFmpegproject, but it uses mainly its ownmuxerand demuxers and its own protocols implementations. It also gained distinction as the first player to support playback of encrypted DVDs on Linux andOS Xby using thelibdvdcssDVD decryption library.

History;The VideoLan project was originally started as an academic project in 1996.VLCused to stand forVideoLAN Client, but since VLC is no longer simply a client, thatinitialismno longer applies.It was intended to consist of a client and server to stream videos across a campus network. VLC was the client for the VideoLAN project. Originally developed by students at thecole Centrale Paris, it is now developed by contributors worldwide and is coordinated by theVideoLANnon-profit organization.Rewritten from scratch in 1998, it was released underGNU General Public Licenseon 1 February 2001, with authorization from the headmaster of thecole Centrale Paris. The functionality of the server program, VideoLan Server(VLS), has mostly been subsumed into VLC and has been deprecated. The project name has been changed toVLC media playerbecause there is no longer a client/server infrastructure.The cone icon used in VLC is a reference to thetraffic conescollected by Ecole Centrale's Networking Students' Association.The cone icon design was changed from a hand drawn low-resolution iconto a higher resolutionCGI-rendered version in 2006, illustrated by Richard iestad. After 13 years of development, version 1.0.0 of VLC media player was released on July 7, 2009. Version 2.0.0 of VLC media player was released on February 18, 2012. In 2011 and 2012, large parts of VLC were relicensed to theGNU Lesser General Public License. VLC is first in the sourceforge.net overall download count and has been downloaded more than 1.3 billion times. VLC is now available for theiPad,iPhone, andiPod Touchon Apple'sApp Store. It was present in the past, was pulled due to a licensing conflict between the GPL and the iTunes Store agreement,[20]but was then resubmitted under the Mozilla Public License

The VLC user interface4.0 The Latest Development in ICT

4.1 Hardware

PhoneiPhone 5S

Available in silver, gold, and space gray, iPhone5s features an A7 chip, a Touch ID fingerprint identity sensor, ultrafast LTE wireless, an iSight camera with a larger 8MP sensor, and iOS7.Learn more

iPhone 4S

Available in black and white, iPhone4s features an A5 chip, an 8MP iSight camera, and Siri, the intelligent assistant you control with your voice.Learn more

Color and FinishSilverSpace GrayGold BlackWhite

Weight and DimensionsHeight:4.87 inches (123.8 mm)Width:2.31 inches (58.6 mm)Depth:0.30 inch (7.6 mm)Weight:3.95 ounces (112 grams) Height:4.5 inches (115.2 mm) Width:2.31 inches (58.6 mm) Depth:0.37 inch (9.3 mm)Weight:4.9 ounces (140 grams)

ChipsA7 chipwith 64-bit architecture

M7 motion coprocessorA5 chip

Cellular and WirelessGSM/EDGEUMTS/HSPA+DC-HSDPACDMA EV-DO Rev. A and Rev.B (CDMA models only)LTE3Wi-Fi (802.11a/b/g/n; 802.11n on 2.4GHz and 5GHz)Bluetooth 4.0GPS and GLONASS GSM/EDGE UMTS/HSPA - CDMA EV-DO Rev. A4 - Wi-Fi (802.11b/g/n; 802.11n on 2.4GHz) Bluetooth 4.0GPS and GLONASS

Touch IDFingerprint identity sensor-

Display4-inch (diagonal) Retinadisplay1136-by-640 resolution326 ppi 3.5-inch (diagonal) Retina display 960-by-640 resolution326 ppi

iSight Camera

8 megapixels with 1.5 pixels/2.2 apertureSapphire crystal lens coverTrue Tone flashBackside illumination sensorFive-element lensHybrid IR filterAutofocusTap to focusFace detectionPanoramaAuto image stabilizationBurst modePhoto geotagging 8 megapixels /2.4 aperture - LED flash Backside illumination sensor Five-element lens Hybrid IR filter Autofocus Tap to focus Face detection Panorama - -Photo geotagging

Video Recording1080p HD video recording30 fpsTrue Tone flashSlo-mo videoImproved video stabilizationTake still photo while recordingvideoFace detection3x zoomVideo geotaggingTap to focus 1080p HD video recording 30 fps LED flash - Video stabilization - Face detection - Video geotaggingTap to focus

Facetime Camera1.2MP photos (1280 by 960)720pHD video recordingNew backside illumination sensor VGA-resolution photosVGA-resolution video recording

Video CallingFaceTimeiPhone5s to any FaceTime-enabled device over Wi-Fi or cellularInitiate video calls over LTE, DC-HSDPA, HSPA+, 3G, and 2GHVGA-resolution (480 by 368) calls over Wi-Fi FaceTime iPhone4s to any FaceTime-enabled device over Wi-Fi or cellular Initiate video calls over HSPA, 3G, and 2GHVGA-resolution (480 by 320) calls over Wi-Fi

Audio CallingFaceTimeiPhone5s to any FaceTime-enabled device over WiFi or cellular FaceTimeiPhone4s to any FaceTime-enabled device over Wi-Fi or cellular

Intelligent AssistantSiriUse your voice to send messages, set reminders, andmore.SiriUse your voice to send messages, set reminders, andmore.

Power and BatteryBuilt-in rechargeable lithium-ion batteryCharging via USB to computer system or power adapterTalk time: Up to 10 hours on 3GStandby time: Up to 250 hoursInternet use: Up to 8 hours on 3G, up to 10 hours on LTE, up to 10 hours on Wi-FiVideo playback: Up to 10 hoursAudio playback: Up to 40 hours Built-in rechargeable lithium-ion battery Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter Talk time: Up to 8 hours on 3G Standby time: Up to 200 hours Internet use: Up to 6 hours on 3G, up to 9 hours on Wi-Fi Video playback: Up to 10 hoursAudio playback: Up to 40 hours

HeadphonesApple EarPods withRemote and MicStorage and travel case

Apple Earphones with Remote and Mic

SensorsThree-axis gyroAccelerometerProximity sensorAmbient light sensorFingerprint identity sensor Three-axis gyro Accelerometer Proximity sensor Ambient light sensor-

Sim CardNano-SIM Micro-SIM

ConnectorLightning

30-pin

4.2 SoftwareiOSiOS(previouslyiPhone OS) is amobile operating systemdeveloped and distributed by AppleOriginally unveiled in 2007 for theiPhone, it has been extended to support other Apple devices such as theiPod Touch(September 2007),iPad(January 2010),iPad Mini(November 2012) and second-generationApple TV(September 2010). UnlikeMicrosoft'sWindows PhoneandGoogle'sAndroid, Apple does not license iOS for installation on non-Apple hardware. As of August 2013, Apple'sApp Storecontained more than 900,000 iOS applications, 375,000 of which were optimized for iPad. These apps have collectively been downloaded more than 50billion times.It had a 21% share of thesmartphonemobile operating system units shipped in the fourth quarter of 2012, behind only Google's Android. In June 2012, it accounted for 65% of mobile web data consumption (including use on both the iPod Touch and the iPad). At the half of 2012, there were 410 million devices activated. According to the special media event held by Apple on September 12, 2012, 400million devices had been sold by June 2012. Theuser interfaceof iOS is based on the concept ofdirect manipulation, usingmulti-touch gestures. Interface control elements consist of sliders, switches, and buttons. Interaction with the OS includes gestures such asswipe,tap,pinch, andreverse pinch, all of which have specific definitions within the context of the iOS operating system and its multi-touch interface. Internalaccelerometersare used by some applications to respond to shaking the device (one common result is the undo command) or rotating it inthree dimensions(one common result is switching from portrait to landscape mode.iOS is derived fromOS X, with which it shares theDarwinfoundation and various application frameworks. iOS is Apple's mobile version of theOS Xoperating system used on Apple computers.Major versions of iOS are released annually. The current release,iOS 7, was released on September 18, 2013. In iOS, there are fourabstraction layers: the Core OS layer, the Corelayer, the Media layer, and theCocoa Touchlayer. The current version of the operating system (iOS 7.0.2), dedicates 11.5 GB of the device's flash memory for the system partition, using roughly 800 MB of that partition (varying by model) for iOS itself. iOS currently runs on the iPhone, iPad, iPad Mini, iPod Touch and Apple TV.

iOS 6iOS 6is thesixthversion of theiOSmobile operating systemfromApple Inc., initially released on September 19, 2012. The final version of iOS 6 is 6.1.4. It was preceded by iOS 5(final version was 5.1.1) and was succeeded byiOS 7on September 18, 2013.Features;Two notable apps that iOS 6 removed by default areGoogle MapsandYouTube.The built-inMapsapp uses Apple's new vector-based engine that eliminates thelagpresent while downloading bitmaps from Google's servers, making for smootherzooming. New to Maps isturn-by-turn navigationspoken directions in certain countries, 3D views in some major cities and real-time traffic.Turn-by-turn navigation is only available foriPhone 4Sor later andiPad 2or later with cellular capability, while 3D views are only available for iPhone 4S or later, fifth-generationiPod Touch, and iPad 2 and later. Another change includes the inability to download Podcasts through the regular iTunes application. Instead, users are prompted to download the official Podcasts App in order to continue.iOS 6 brings the retrieval of documents such asboarding passes, admissiontickets,couponsandloyalty cardsthrough its new Passbookapp. An iOS device with Passbook can be scanned under areaderto process amobile paymentat participating locations. The app has context-aware features such as notifications for relevant coupons when in the immediate vicinity of a given store. ApplesSiriintelligent personal assistantwas improved to include the ability to make restaurant reservations, launch apps, dictate Facebook or Twitter updates, retrieve movie reviews and detailed sports statistics.Siri, which previously was only supported on iPhone, is also now supported oniPhone 5, fifth-generation iPod Touch,third- throughfourth-generation iPadandiPad Mini. Facebookcomes integrated through Apples native apps with iOS 6. Facebook features can be directly accessed from within native apps such as Calendar which can sync Facebook events, or use Facebookslike buttonfrom within theApple App StoreandGame Center. New privacy settings are available to the user. In addition to location services, the following have been added in iOS 6: photos (already partially restricted in iOS 5), contacts (address book), calendars, reminders,Bluetoothsharing,Twitter,Facebook, andSina Weibo. iOS 6 also comes with a "Limit ad tracking" user control in the general settings menu to allow users the option to preventtargeted advertising. Apple's Advertising Identifier replaces the companys existingUDIDstandard.Advertising networksnot yet using Apple's Advertising Identifierdevice identifierstandard would not be affected although Apple will require the standard in the future. iOS 7iOS 7is theseventhversion of amobile operating systemdesigned byApple, under the product nameiOS, and is the successor toiOS 6. It was announced at the companys Apple(WWDC) on June 10, 2013, and was released on September 18, 2013. iOS 7 includes a redesigneduser interfaceand numerous functionality changes. The design of iOS 7's new elements was led byJony Ive, Apple's Senior Vice President of Design. Features;AirDropMain article:AirDropiOS 7 integrates Apple's ad-hoc Wi-Fi sharing featureAirDropfor the iPhone 5 onward, iPod Touch (5th generation), iPad (4th generation), and iPad Mini. Control Center

The Control Center interface on aniPod Touch.The Control Center display is available by swiping up from the bottom of the screen. It provides access to settings such asairplane modeand brightness, media controls,AirPlayandAirDrop, and shortcuts to several apps including a built-in flashlight, clock, calculator, and camera.Other functions offered are the ability to turn on or off Bluetooth, and Do Not Disturb; lock the screens orientation; play, pause, or skip a song, and see what is playing; connect toAirPlay-enabled devices; and quickly access the clock, calculator, and camera apps. Users also have access toAirDrop, previously only available on Macs and newly added in iOS 7, as a method of transferring files between iOS devices. iOS in the Car

Other updatesThere are seven "dynamic" wallpapers included in the operating system (note iPhone 4 does not receive live wallpapers due to hardware limitations). All seven have "bubble" designs with different colors. The bubbles in the wallpapers move based on the device's accelerometers and gyroscope. Static wallpapers now move with the gyroscope in an effect calledParallax. iOS 7 builds on the limited multitasking introduced in iOS 4 and provides full multitasking for all apps. The multitasking layer also provides for background updating of apps, and previews of all running apps. Photos in iOS 7 uses theEXIFdata in each photo to sort photos by date and location, to the year level, and also supports sharing video through iCloud Photo Stream. Safari in iOS 7 integrates the smart search field first used in Safari 6 for OS X and Mavericks'iCloudimplementation ofiCloud Keychain. Other changes include infinite tabs, parental controls, and improvements to Twitter sharing and Reading List. The tab area has also been rearranged to look at the tabs from above rather than a paged front-on view. Siri features a new translucent redesign to match the rest of the system, new male and female voices, greater control over system settings, and Twitter, Wikipedia,Bing, and Photos integration.The trusted devices feature alerts the user when they connect their iOS device to a new Mac/PC by asking them if they trust the current computer. This feature is meant to prevent iOS devices from being compromised by potentially malicous software on computers or charging devices. Other changes mentioned, but not fully featured in the keynote, include audio-only calling with the newFaceTime Audio,Notification Centersyncing and availability from the lock-screen,Tencent Weibointegration,Wi-Fi Hotspot 2.0, OS-levelcall blocking, app-specificvirtual private networking(VPN), and activation locking throughFind My iPhone.

5.0 Pervasive Computing

5.1 Meaning of pervasive computing

Ubiquitous computing(ubicomp) is an advanced computing concept where computing is made to appear everywhere and anywhere. In contrast to desktop computing, ubiquitous computing can occur using any device, in any location, and in any format. A user interacts with the computer, which can exist in many different forms - laptop, tablets, terminals, phones, etc. The underlying technologies to support ubiquitous computing include Internet, advanced middleware, operating system, mobile code, sensors, microprocessors, new I/O (input / output), new user interfaces, networks, mobile protocols, location and positioning, new materials, etc.This new paradigm is also described aspervasive computing,ambient intelligence,or, more recently,every ware,where each term emphasizes slightly different aspects. When primarily concerning the objects involved, it is alsophysical computing, theInternet of Things,haptic computing, and things that think. Rather than propose a single definition for ubiquitous computing and for these related terms, taxonomy of properties for ubiquitous computing has been proposed, from which different kinds or flavors of ubiquitous systems and applications can be described.

5.2 Two Examples of Pervasive Computing

5.2.1 Pebble (watch)

Also known asPebble

ManufacturerPebble Technology

Typesmartwatch

Introductory priceKickstarter backers: USD 115Pre-orders: USD 150

Operating systemPebble OS, CustomizedFreeRTOS.[1]Can communicate withAndroidandiOSapps using Bluetooth

Power7 days, with updates may last 2-3 weeks

Memory8 App/watch faces

Display144 168 pixel LCD[2]

Graphics1 bit

Input4 buttons3 axisaccelerometerwith gesture detectionmagnetometer and ambient light sensor[1]

Camerano camera

ConnectivityBluetooth 2.1 + EDRBluetooth 4.0Low Energy

Dimensions50.33mm (1.981in) H32mm (1.3in) W8.44mm (0.332in) D[3]

Related articlesSmart Watches

Websitegetpebble.com

Description;ThePebbleis asmartwatch developed by Pebble Technology and released in 2013 that was funded by raising money via the crowdplatform Kickstarter. After raisingventure capitalfor the product under their former name inPulse, the company failed to attract traditional investors under their new brand name, so the company requested crowd funding in April 2012. At the end of the funding, Pebble became the second more information needed]most highly crowd-funded project to date with $10,266,844 pledged by 68,928 people. As of July 4th 2013, Pebble has sold over 85,000 units.

5.2.2 Google Glass

Also known asProject Glass

DeveloperGoogle

ManufacturerFoxconn

TypeAugmented reality(AR),Optical head-mounted display(OHMD),Wearable technology,Wearable computer

Release dateDevelopers (US):February 2013[1]Consumers:2014[2]

Introductory priceExplorer version: $1500 USDConsumer Edition: $300-500

Operating systemAndroid[3](4.0.4[4])

PowerLithium Polymer battery (2.1 Wh)[5]

CPUOMAP4430 SoC, dual-core[5]

Storage capacity16 GB Flash total[5](12 GB of usable memory)[6]

Memory1GB RAM (682MB available to developers)

DisplayPrism projector, 640360 pixels (equivalent of a 25 in. screen from 8 ft. away[6])

SoundBone conduction transducer[6]

InputVoice command through microphone,[6]accelerometer,[6]gyroscope,[6]magnetometer,[6]ambient light sensor, proximity sensor

Controller inputTouchpad, MyGlass phone app

CameraPhotos - 5 MP, videos - 720p[6]

ConnectivityWi-Fi 802.11b/g,[6]Bluetooth,[6]micro USB

Weight50g

BackwardcompatibilityAny Bluetooth-capable phone; MyGlass companion app requires Android 4.0.3 (Ice Cream Sandwich) or higher[6]

Websitegoogle.com/glass

The google glass explorer editionDescription;Google Glass(styled "GLSS") is awearable computerwith anoptical head-mounted display(OHMD) that is being developed byGooglein theProject Glassresearch and developmentproject, with a mission of producing a mass-marketubiquitous computer. Google Glass displays information in asmartphone-like hands-free format, that can communicate with the Internet vianatural languagevoice commands. While the frames do not currently have lenses fitted to them, Google is considering partnerships with sunglass retailers such asRay-BanorWarby Parker, and may also open retail stores to allow customers to try on the device. The Explorer Edition cannot be used by people who wear prescription, but Google has confirmed that Glass will eventually work with frames and lenses that match the wearer's prescription; the glasses will be modular and therefore possibly attachable to normal prescription glasses. Glass is being developed byGoogle X, which has worked on other futuristic technologies such asdriverless cars. The project was announced on Google+by Project Glass lead Babak Parviz, an electrical engineer who has also worked on putting displays into contact lenses; Steve Lee, a product manager and "geolocation specialist"; andSebastian Thrun, who developedUdacityas well as worked on theautonomous car project. Google has patented the design of Project Glass. Thad Starner, anaugmented realityexpert, is a technical lead/manager on the project.

6.0 Conclusion

ICT technology is constantly evolving. Each update whether it be software or hardware better than the previous. Open source be it software or hardware give the average consumer a chance to use great programs for free designed by the community shared together. Open source software will bring software to new heights with the combined brainpower of many individuals around the world. Pervasive computing is also evolving at a rapid rate. Computers are everywhere now, from your wrist to your eyes. The age of computers has just begun.

7.0 References

http://mbarhanudin.blogspot.com/2010/07/open-source-operating-system.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_open_source_operating_systemshttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/open_source.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Open_Source_Definitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glusterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiku_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Minthttp://iloveubuntu.net/transform-unity-launcher-ubuntu-touch-launcher-ubuntu-touch-launcher-iconshttp://www.webupd8.org/2012/05/linux-mint-13-released-2-editions.htmlhttp://www.slashgear.com/xbox-one-vs-xbox-360-whats-changed-21283010/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ios_6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS_version_history

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