Rwandan Genocide: The Hutu Insurgency against the Tutsi People
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Transcript of Rwandan Genocide: The Hutu Insurgency against the Tutsi People
RWANDAN GENOCIDE:THE HUTU INSURGENCY AGAINST THE TUTSI PEOPLE
BY MATT BEAL
RWANDA GEOGRAPHY
• Extremely Mountainous Country• One source of the Nile River
Example of typical mountains for Rwanda
Political Map of Rwanda
Located in Central Africa
HUTU AND TUTSI
• Origins• Very similar people
Current Tutsi President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame.
Third President of Rwanda, Hutu, Juvénal Habyarimana
WHY THE FIGHTING?• Lived in perfect harmony
prior to 1890’s• European Colonialism
• Germans- Believed only the Tutsi were fit for power
• Belgians- practiced similar policies in regards to power delegation
• Animosity begins to grow• Hutu began to resent the
power that minority Tutsi had over them.
• Tutsi began to resent Belgian control
• Hutu Control
A Rwandan man being “identified” by colonial census agents.
RWANDAN PATRIOTIC FRONT AND CIVIL WAR• The Rwandan Patriotic Front
• Formed in 1987
• In 1990 RPF invaded Rwanda and Civil War began• RPF Forces gained good ground the first two days• Used surprise and terrain to their advantage
• French intervention• Stalemate reached• Ashura Accords
• Ceasefire signed in 1993• Catastrophe• Hutu reaction
The RPF flag, still proudly used by some today.
GENOCIDE BEGINS
• Hutu Moderates Targeted as well• Gisenyi
• News of assassination spreads
• Attacks were extremely precise and coordinated
Newspaper showing the horrors of the massacre
LAST CHANCE FOR TUTSI • UN withdraws• Romeo Dallaire
• Tried to defend as many known Tutsi hideouts in Kigali as he could
• May 17,1994• RPF forces march through Kigali
AFTERMATH• Fears of retaliation
• Hutu feared Tutsi Retribution and fled across border• Tutsi in Zaire• Laws against discrimination• General to President• Trust Issues• Economic difficulties
• Currently rebounding• Rwandan Resilience Hutu refugee camp in Zaire
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Rwanda 1990 Population
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Rwanda 1995 Population
% Females% Males
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Rwanda 2000 Population
% Females% Males
RESOURCES• The CIA World Factbook. 2012. Rwanda. • Des Forges, A. 1999. Leave No One to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda. Human
Rights Watch.• Freedman, S., H. Weinstein, and T. Longman. 2006. The Republic of
Rwanda. University of California Regents. • Hymowitz, S., and A. Parker. History of the Tutsi and Hutus. American
University Washington College of Law Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
• Irish, J. 2012. French probe exonerates Rwanda leader in genocide. Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/10/us-rwanda- genocide-report-idUSTRE80924720120110
• Kinzer, S. 2008. A Thousand Hills: Rwanda's Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It. London
• Orth, R. 2001. Rwanda’s Hutu Extremist Insurgency: An Eyewitness Perspective. Former US Defense Attaché in Kigali
• Prunier, G. 1995. The Rwanda Crisis. Columbia University Press. New York. The Rwandan Genocide and its Aftermath.• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2000.