Russia and Sustainable Development

7/31/2019 Russia and Sustainable Development

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T{qqge enm Q{q}egnedikMkskilzokn}E Ow}f }l Dk Atke}km lt en Ksli{}glnetw Q}kz<

Kikne I{`wenlse

]fkqgq q{dog}}km gn zet}gei c{icgiokn} lc }fk tku{gtkokn}q clt}fk Mkbtkk lc Oeq}kt lc Zfgilqlzfw gn

A{i}{tk) Knsgtlnokn} enm Q{q}egnedgig}w

Akn}tk clt Mkskilzokn} enm }fk Knsgtlnokn}

[ngsktqg}w lc Lqil

Dignmktn) Nltrew

Eztgi 4:5:


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gq} ik c{ego ne fedfenn

eb{q bfkldfegmf } dtkea

Igq}kn }l }fk ql{nm lc }fk tgskt

enm wl{ rgii bk} e }tl{}.

Gtgqf ztlsktd


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5/129

ggg

Edq}tea}8 ]fgq gn}ktmgqagzignetw q}{mw kvziltkq }fk gmke lc q{q}egnedik

mkskilzokn} gn }fk aln}kv} lc lnk al{n}tw8 T{qqge. ]fk ego lc }fk q}{mw gq }l

kveognk }fk nl}gln lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} }ftl{bf }fk aeqk q}{mw lc }fkltw

enm ztea}gak gn T{qqge. Tkqketaf tkie}gnb }l lccgagei mla{okn}q) mgqal{tqkq)a{i}{tei enm qagkn}gcga fktg}ebk) gq aettgkm l{} e} }fk ne}glnei ikski. ]l gii{q}te}k

ow zlgn}q e} }fk ilaei ikski) G cla{q ln }fk @teqnlmet }kttg}ltw. ]fkqgq cgnmgnbq etk

olq}iw deqkm ln }fk sgkrq enm kvzktgknakq lc zklzik gn }fk cgkim. Aftlnlilbw gq

kozilwkm eq zet} lc }fk etb{okn} enm eq en ezztleaf. E mgq}gna}gln gq mtern

dk}rkkn }fk Qlsgk} kte) }fk ketiw }tenqcltoe}gln zktglm gn }fk ketiw 577:q) enm

tkakn} mkskilzokn}q e} }fk }{tn lc }fk }rkn}w/cgtq} akn}{tw. ]fgq rlt` ztkqkn}q

}fk aetkkt lc }fk gmke lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} e} }fk ckmktei ikski) gnai{mgnb

g}q ztea}gaei gozikokn}e}glnq enm gozkmgokn}q) eq rkii eq }fk gii{qglnq enm

mgqgii{qglnq e} }fk ilaei ikski. ]fk mgafl}low qkkn eitkemw gn }fk }fkqgq }g}ik

eau{gtkq o{i}gzik et}ga{ie}glnq gn }fgq tkqketaf lc zlig}gaei enm a{i}{tei fenmignb

lc gmkeq lc }fk ae{qk lc agsgigxe}gln) f{oen enm ne}{tk mgbng}w gn T{qqge. ]fgq

q}{mw gq zet}ga{ietiw alnaktnkm rg}f }fk bez dk}rkkn gmkeq enm ea}gln. ]fgq bez

}e`kq) eq e t{ik) }fk clto lc fwzlatgqw lt gnalnqgq}knaw dk}rkkn mkagqgln enmea}gln. ]fgq tkqketaf kveognkq }fk mgqatkzenagkq dk}rkkn gn}ktne}glnei ea}gsg}gkq)

ne}glnei gnci{knakq enm agta{oq}enakq enm ilaei a{i}{tkq. Eaaltmgnbiw) G gn}knm

rg}f }fgq q}{mw }l dtlemkn gng}gei bildei kikokn}q lc }fk gmke lc q{q}egnedik

mkskilzokn} rg}f oltk ilaei zlig}gaei) fgq}ltgaei) a{i}{tei enm kol}glnei aln}kn}.

]fk q}{mw eiql mgqa{qqkq }fk rewq gn rfgaf a{i}{tk enm a{i}{tei atgqgq aen

gnci{knak l{t ztlqzka}q clt e q{q}egnedik c{}{tk.


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gs

]edik lc Aln}kn}q

]EDIK LC ALN]KN]Q....................................................................................................GS

IGQ] LC ]EDIKQ.......................................................................................SGGG

EA@NLRIKMBKOKN]Q................................................................................................GV

GN]TLM[A]GLN.................................................................................................................5

Dea`btl{nm clt }fk Q}{mw................................................=

Clto{ie}gln lc Akn}tei U{kq}glnq enm Ego lc }fk Tkqketaf. .........................7

]fkltk}gaei Ezztleaf enm @kw Alnakz}q lc }fgq Q}{mw...................................7

]fk ne}{tk lc }fgq Q}{mw. .................................................................................... 5;

Ok}flmlilbw .... 53

Qk}}gnb }fk qaknk. Me}e aliika}gln . ..................................................................... 57

]fkqgq L{}ignk. ....................................................................................................44

Afez}kt 5. Q{q}egnedik Mkskilzokn} }fk Zktakz}glnq lc }fk Rkq}ktn

Zetemgbo gn T{qqge. ...4;

5.5. ]fk Tkakz}gln lc }fk Dt{nm}ienm Tkzlt}. ]fk Lccgagei Tkakz}gln lc }fk

RAKM Bleiq........................................................................................................ 4;

5.5.5. ]fk Tlik lc }fk Alnakz} lc Q{q}egnedik Mkskilzokn} gn }fk T{qqgen

Ikbgqie}gln enm }fk Ilaei Blsktnenak ............................................................... 43

5.5.4. Z{diga Tkqzlnqk enm Zlikogaq ................................................................... .46


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s

5.5.1. ]fk T{qqgen ]tenqie}gln lc }fk Alnakz} enm E}}koz}q }l Aietgcw g}q

Okengnb .................................................................................................................47

5.4. ]fk Mgq}gna}gsk Cke}{tkq lc }fk T{qqgen Q{q}egnedik Mkskilzokn}

Mgqal{tqk ..............................................................................................................1:

5.4.5. ]fk Ne}glnei Gmke Mgqal{tqk. .....................................................................15

5.4.4. A{i}{tei Mgq}gna}gsknkqq eq e Zlqg}gsk Cea}lt clt Q{q}egnedgig}w...14

5.4.1. Q{q}egnedik Mkskilzokn} enm }fk Gqq{kq lc }fk Ne}glnei Qka{tg}w............1=

5.4.=. ]fk Al{n}twq Ne}{tei Mgq}gna}gsknkqq. ....1;

5.4.;. T{qqgen Qagkn}gcga Fktg}ebk eq e ]fkltk}gaei Btl{nm clt }fk Alnakz} .13

5.4.3. Oltei Ldigbe}glnq enm A{i}{tei enm Qzgtg}{ei Nkkmq. ..=5

5.1. Alnai{mgnb Tkoet`q .....==

Afez}kt 4. ]teagnb Q{q}egnedgig}w Gmkeq }l }fk T{qqgen Kalilbgaei ]temg}gln.

...............................................................................................................................=7

4.5. Ztk/tksli{}glnetw Fligq}ga ]fkqkq. T{qqgen Alqogqo . ...............................=7

4.4. ]fk Gozlt}enak enm Sei{k lc Gn}kbte}gnb @nlrikmbk . ..............................;5

4.1. Knsgtlnokn}ei Ztl}ka}gln enm }fk Te}glnei [}gigxe}gln lc Ne}{tei

Tkql{takq. .............................................................................................................;=

4.=. Qlagei Kalilbw. .................................................................................... .........;3

4.;. A{i}{tei Kalilbw. ................................................................................ .........;3

4.3. Nllqzfktk ]fkltw enm g}q Gn}kiika}{ei Tkql{tak. Tkakz}gln lc Sktnemq`w

enm Fgq Gmkeq. ............................................................................................ ..........;6


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sg

4.2. Tlik lc Qagknak enm e Qagkn}gcga Ezztleaf. ................................................ 3:

4.6. 576:/q.]fk Lccgagei Kcclt}q }fe} Ztkakmkm }fk Q{q}egnedgig}w Mkde}k...... ...35

4.7. ]fk Zieak lc Knsgtlnokn}ei Alnaktnq rg}fgn }fk Ilbga lc }fk Qlsgk}Qwq}ko...................................................................................................................34

Afez}kt 1. Fligq}ga Gmkeq. Siemgogt Sktnemq`wq ]fl{bf} sq. Q{q}egnedik

Mkskilzokn}. ..33

1.5. Fligq}ga Sgkrq enm Ltgbgnei Gmkeq lc Sktnemq`w.... 33

1.4. Nllqzfktk. ....................................................................................................36

1.1. Gn}ktztk}gnb Nllqzfktk.... 37

1.=. Nllqzfktk Mkskilzokn}............................................................................... 2:

1.;. ]fk Q}e}{q lc Sktnemq`wq Gmkeq gn }fk Rkq}. ............................................ 24

1.3. Sktnemq`w) Qagkn}gq} enm Gn}kiika}{ei Ztkmkakqqlt lc }fk Aln}kozltetwRltim Eebknme. 2=

1.2. Q{q}egnedgig}w eq e Aln}kozltetw Tkqlnenak lc }fk Gmke lc }fk

Nllqzfktk 23

Afez}kt =. ]fk Ilaei Zlig}gaq lc Bildei Q{q}egnedgig}w. 64

=.5. Ilaei Zktqzka}gskq. ............................................................ ...........................64

=.4. Ilaei Tkqzlnqk }l }fk Bildei enm Ilaei Ebknme. .................................. ...6;

=.1. Tkiksenak lc Gn}tgnqga T{qqgen Sgqglnq lc Q{q}egnedik Mkskilzokn} clt

Ilaei Ztea}gakq. ............................................................................. .....................66

=.=. ]fk A{ttkn} Olm{q Lzktenmg. .................................... ..............................67


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sgg

=.;. Knsgtlnokn}ei Tkb{ie}gln enm Afenbgnb Q}t{a}{tkq lc Blsktnenak. 75

=.3. Gn}ktne}glnei Allzkte}gln enm Qzlnqltqfgz clt }fk Knsgtlnokn}. ........... 71

=.2. Mkskilzokn} lc e Agsgi Qlagk}w sq. Aliika}gsk Gttkqzlnqgdgig}w. . 7=

=.6. L{}alokq. . 73

ALNAI[QGLN .................................................................................................. 5::


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sggg

Igq} lc }edikq

]edik 58 ]fk ne}glnei mgqal{tqkq enm gqq{kq gnsliskm gn }fk q{q}egnedgig}w

mgqal{tqk gn T{qqge.

]edik 48 ]edik lc etb{okn}q.

]edik 18 Zteboe}ga q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} sq. gmkeigxkm nllqzfktk.


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gv

Ea`nlrikmbkokn}q

]fkqk ckr rltmq etk gnemku{e}k }l kvztkqqgnb ow mkkz ckkignbq lc bte}g}{mk enm

ezztkage}gln }l ksktwlnk rfl feq fkizkm enm q{zzlt}km ok m{tgnb }fk

ztkzete}gln lc }fgq }fkqgq. Oenw zklzik fesk aln}tgd{}km }fkgt }gok) kcclt})

ze}gknak enm ztlckqqglneigqo }l }fk ztlhka}) gnai{mgnb8 zet}gagzen}q gn }fk Akn}tk

clt Knsgtlnokn} enm Mkskilzokn} &Q[O' Oeq}kt Ztlbteook kqzkageiiw Ngne

Rg}lqxk` &ow q{zktsgqlt' enm Fei Rgifg}k0 ow rlnmktc{i ceogiw enm ctgknmq)

kqzkageiiw gnai{mgnb En}ln enm Mktk` Okiqkt0 enm T{qqgen knsgtlnokn}eigq}q.

E bllm mkkm gq nkskt ilq}%

Ik} zkeak enm q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} alok qllnkt...

Kikne I{`wenlse

Lqil 4:5:


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5

Gn}tlm{a}gln

Q{q}egnedgig}w feq dkalok e qgbngcgaen} mkskilzokn}ei zetemgbo qgnak }fk

z{digae}gln lc }fk Dt{nm}ienm Tkzlt}. Eq e o{i}gie}ktei gng}ge}gsk) q{q}egnedik

mkskilzokn} gq aloolniw zktakgskm eq e bildei ztgnagzik d{} }knmq }l ilqk g}q

atkmgdgig}w ln }fk ilaei q}ebk. Oltklskt) g} aen dk etb{km }fe} }fk oegnq}tkeo gmke

lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} gq ...e f{oenk sktqgln lc a{i}{tei gozktgeigqo

&Rg}lqxk`846:' 5. Gn }fgq qknqk) g} gq zet}ga{ietiw gn}ktkq}gnb }l }teak) rg}fgn q{af

a{i}{tei fkbkolnw ctlo }fk bildei zktqzka}gsk) flr }fk alnakz} lc q{q}egnedik

mkskilzokn} gn}ktea}q rg}f }fk a{i}{tei 4

]fk alnakz} lc q{q}egnedgig}w feq dkkn atg}gagqkm &Kqaldet 577;) Rg}lqxk` 577;')

ln }fk btl{nmq }fe} ...}fk nl}gln gq nltoeiiw mkzilwkm rg}f nl tkcktknakq }l g}q

gn}kiika}{ei enm fgq}ltgaei tll}q &Ikk814'.

ikbeaw lc e zet}ga{iet al{n}tw. ]fgq q}{mwknmkesl{tq }l l{}ignk }fkqk gn}ktea}glnq gn T{qqge.

1

E alnqgmktedik sli{ok lc ig}kte}{tk feq dkkn rtg}}kn ln }fk u{kq}glnq lc }fk

okengnb enm gozikokn}e}gln lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn}. G ren} }l }e`k en

ei}ktne}gsk ze}f gn ow rlt` lt) e} ikeq}) }l bk} e nkr enbik ln }fk gmke lc

q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn}. Ow gn}kn}gln gq }l cliilr }fk q}ebkq lc }fk gn}tlm{a}gln

lc e bildei gmke ln}l e ne}glnei qaknk enm }l qflr flr }fk oegnq}tkeo mgqal{tqk

ln q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} feq dkkn kntgafkm dw }fk T{qqgen sgkr. ]fgq q}{mw

eneiwqkq mgccktkn} eqzka}q lc }fk alnakz} lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn}) qzkagcgaeiiw)

}fkltw) zligaw enm ztea}gak. ]fkltk}gaei eqzka}q) alodgngnb fgq}ltgaei gnqgbf}q enm

eneiwqgq lc ig}kte}{tk) rgii) eq cet eq zlqqgdik gn e oeq}ktq }fkqgq) kvziltk }fk

]fk a{i}{tei mgoknqgln lc }fk alnakz}

lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} tku{gtkq c{t}fkt gnskq}gbe}gln.

5 ]fk Knbigqf sktqgln req ztlsgmkm dw }fk e{}flt.4 Nl}gln lc a{i}{tk gn }fk }fkqgq tkcktq }l lnk ctlo }fk zlgn} lc sgkr lc qkogl}gaq.1

Rg}lqxk` gn fkt eneiwqgq lc }fk Dt{nm}ienm Tkzlt} eiql qfetkq dkigkc }fe} }fk Tkzlt} gbnltkq eqgbngcgaen} alnnka}gln dk}rkkn fgq}ltgaei okoltw enm }fk ztlakqq lc oe`gnb qknqk lc ksktwmew igck enm

ztlsgmkq en gmke lc en en e/fgq}ltgaeiiw alnq}t{km q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} &Rg}lqxk`8464'.


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4

ne}glnei ikski. Ow eneiwqgq lc zligaw enm ztea}gakq eneiwqkq rgii alnakn}te}k ln

}fk ilaei ikski.

F{oen fgq}ltw gq gn kqqknak e fgq}ltw lc gmkeq &F.B. Rkiiq 574:'. ]flqk gmkeq

lt alnakz}q) gn }{tn) fesk }fkgt lrn fgq}ltgkq. ]fk dtlem fgq}ltw lc }fk alnakz} lc

q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} g}qkic gq ztkqkn}km kiqkrfktk &k.b.) Fetmlw 4::5'. Ow

gn}kn}gln gn }fgq q}{mw gq }l emm }l }fgq fgq}ltw dw cla{qgnb ln T{qqgen gmkeq enm

q}te}kbgkq rfgaf fesk dkkn nkbika}km gn }fk bildei q{q}egnedgig}w mgqal{tqk. ]fk

q}{mw rgii cla{q) gn zet}ga{iet) ln flr }fk alnakz} lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} gq

gn}ktztk}km gn }fk T{qqgen qlagei enm a{i}{tei aln}kv} qgnak }fk Tgl Mkaiete}gln.

E atg}gaei eneiwqgq lc T{qqgen }fkltw enm ztea}gak ln }fk gqq{kq lc q{q}egnedik

mkskilzokn} gq }fk oegn ego lc }fk }fkqgq. Eq Hlne}fen M. Limcgkim etb{kq)

T{qqgeq qgxk enm alnqku{kn} gozlt}enak clt }fk ilnb/}kto gn}kbtg}w lc bildei

dglzfwqgaei qwq}koq lt) gn l}fkt rltmq) g}q zl}kn}gei }l gnci{knak }fk q}e}k lc }fk

bildei knsgtlnokn}) ztlsgmkq e alozkiignb tkeqln clt }fgq aeqk q}{mw &ac. Limcgkim

4::587='.

Lnk `kw cke}{tk lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} gq g}q kozfeqgq ln nl} lniw kalilbgaei

d{} eiql zlig}gaei enm a{i}{tei eqzka}q lc }fk rltim. ]fk gmke lc q{q}egnedik

mkskilzokn} q}tkqqkq }fk eretknkqq }fe} g}q nl} h{q} ne}{tei knsgtlnokn} enm

aigoe}k etk gozlt}en} clt c{}{tk mkskilzokn} d{} aigoe}k lc zlig}gaei mkagqglnq

enm knsgtlnokn} lc h{q}gak enm agsgi qlagk}w. Cliilrgnb }fk mgeaftlnga ezztleaf

gn }fgq q}{mw) G gn}knm }l }l{af {zln ztk/tksli{}glnetw T{qqgen enm Qlsgk} T{qqgen

knsgtlnokn}eigqo. Flr rk ezztleaf }fk fgq}ltgaei aln}kv} gq en kqqkn}gei zlgn}

enm gn }fgq qknqk g} gq at{agei nl} }l lsktill` }fk zlig}gaei aigoe}k gn rfgaf

knsgtlnokn}eigqo gn T{qqge ...igskm enm mgkm &B{fe851:'. Dkae{qk

knsgtlnokn}eigqo lt mkcknmgnb ne}{tkq mgbng}w gn }fk aigoe}k lc zlig}gaei

lzztkqqgln blkq fenm gn fenm rg}f ...e rgmkt q}t{bbik clt mkolateaw

&B{fe851='. Q}gii aln}kozltetw knsgtlnokn}ei ltbengxe}glnq tkqgq} }fk alilqqei

oeafgnk lc d{tke{ateaw enm altt{z}gln gn T{qqge. Knsgtlnokn}ei ea}gsg}gkq }fe}

alnciga} rg}f }fk gn}ktkq}q lc zlig}gaei enm emogngq}te}gsk kq}edigqfokn} gn T{qqge


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1

ogbf}) eq gn ketigkt }gokq) dkalok e }ftke} }l }fk zktqlnei qeck}w enm mgbng}w lc

ea}gsgq}q. Qzke`gnb l{} ebegnq} knsgtlnokn}ei ed{qk) gn qlok aeqkq gnskq}gbe}gsk

hl{tneigq}q) knsgtlnokn}ei ltbengqe}glnq enm z{diga ea}gsgq}q etk q}gii }fk lniw lnkq

rfl metk enm aetk }l mgqqkn}. ]fkw lzzlqk mkq}t{a}gsk mkskilzokn} ztlhka}q){qgnb }fkqk gqq{kq }l kvztkqq }fkgt zlig}gaei zlqg}gln enm tkcika} ln l}fkt qlagei

enm zlig}gaei ztldikoq.

Zlqg}glngnb lc ow }lzga rg}fgn }fk ig}kte}{tk ln q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} gozigkq

zieagnb }fk T{qqgen kvzktgknak=

]fk mgafl}low gn }fk }g}ik lc ow }fkqgq }g}ik begnq o{i}gzik et}ga{ie}glnq gn }fgq

tkqketaf lc zlig}gaei enm a{i}{tei fenmignb lc gmkeq lc }fk ae{qk lc agsgigxe}gln)

f{oen enm ne}{tk mgbng}w gn T{qqge. Aln}temga}glnq dk}rkkn rltmq enm mkkmq

}e`k }fk clto lc m{zigag}w lc e{}fltg}gkq) oltei mgikooeq) mgsktbknak lc gn}ktkq}q

enm ztgltg}gkq dl}f gn zlig}gaei tfk}ltga enm z{diga ea}gln. ]fgq q}{mw gq zet}ga{ietiwalnaktnkm rg}f }fk bez dk}rkkn gmkeq enm ea}gln. ]fgq bez dk}rkkn rltmq enm

mkkmq kccka}q eq e t{ik gn fwzlatgqw lt gnalnqgq}knaw dk}rkkn mkagqgln enm ea}gln)

dk}rkkn lccgagei aloog}okn} enm ea}{ei q}e}k lc }fgnbq lt eaaltmgnb }l

Dt{nqqlnq q}{mw lc fwzlatgqw &Dt{nqqln 4::4' }rl qwq}koq8 }fk gmkeq qwq}ko

rfgaf mkcgnkq ...rfe} gq fenmikm gn okn}ei enm aloo{ngae}gsk ztlakqqkq enm

}fk ea}gln qwq}ko gmkn}gcwgnb ...rfe} gq fenmikm gn oe}ktgei ztlakqqkq

&Dt{nqqln8536'.

rg}fgn }fk aln}kv} lc Rkq}ktn knsgtlnokn}ei

ztea}gak. Ln }fk l}fkt fenm) ow eneiwqgq rgii kvzlqk }fk ilaei ztea}gakq }fe} etk

blgnb ln {nmkt }fk alskt lc }fk lccgagei tfk}ltga enm }fk lccgagei aloog}okn} }lq{q}egnedik mkskilzokn}.

Gn }fkgt tkqketaf Limcgkim enm Qfer zlgn}km }l }fk zlqqgdgig}w }fe} en lccgagei

aloog}okn} }l q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} gn T{qqge e} }fk tfk}ltgaei ikski ogbf} dk

{nmktq}llm gn}ktne}glneiiw eq e aloog}okn} }l en gn}ktztk}e}gln lc q{q}egnedik

=Kqzkageiiw }flqk eqzka}q lc }fk T{qqgen kvzktgknak) rfgaf Limcgkim tkcktq }l eq ...}fk lc}/gbnltkm

{nmktiwgnb knsgtlnokn}ei qknqgdgig}gkq }fe} kvgq}km dkfgnm }fk qlageigq} ceaemk &Limcgkim 4::;844'.


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=

mkskilzokn} qgogiet }l }fk lnk ezztlskm dw Rkq}ktn blsktnokn}q &Limcgkim enm

Qfer8174'. Oltklskt) Rkq}ktn knsgtlnokn}ei }fgn`gnb feq) rg}f akt}egn

kvakz}glnq) ietbkiw nkbika}km }fk zlqqgdik gnci{knak lc ...a{i}{tei cea}ltq ln }fk

ne}{tk lc T{qqgeq aloog}okn} }l q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} &Limcgkim enmQfer8174'.

Gn }fkgt q}{mw lc }fk T{qqgen a{i}{tei enm qagkn}gcga }temg}glnq enm }fk alnakz} lc

q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn}) Limcgkim enm Qfer l{}ignkm qksktei zlqqgdik tkeqlnq clt

}fgq nkbika}. ]fk cgtq} enm olq} ldsgl{q tkeqln gq aloo{ngae}gsk. Qkalnm) }fk

tkie}gsk gqlie}gln lc }fk tkbgln) m{k }l }fk Alim Ret) ldq}t{a}km knbebkokn} rg}f

T{qqgen knsgtlnokn}ei }fl{bf}. ]fgtmiw) }fktk gq en gnci{kn}gei eqq{oz}gln }fe} eal{n}tw }fe} oemk q{af rkii/z{digagqkm knsgtlnokn}ei ogq}e`kq m{tgnb }fk Qlsgk}

zktglm gq fetmiw u{eigcgkm }l }keaf }fk bildei aloo{ng}w nkr }fgnbq edl{}

alnqktse}gln enm oltk bknktei knsgtlnokn}ei gqq{kq &Limcgkim enm Qfer817;) ac.

Ztwmk 5775'. ]fgq atg}gagqo qfl{im nl} q}lz tkqketaf ln }fk {ngu{k T{qqgen

}temg}gln lc knsgtlnokn}ei }fl{bf} enm g}q zlqqgdik aln}tgd{}gln }l }fk

gn}ktne}glnei mkde}k.

Dea`btl{nm clt }fk Q}{mw.

Mkskilzokn} req enm aln}gn{kq }l dk ei}fl{bf ikqq alnsgnagnbiw ql eq }fk

wketq bl dw enm g}q ztlogqkq bl {nc{icgiikm }fk oebga clto{ie &Kqaldet8sgg'.

]fk alnakz} lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} req oken} }l dkalok e tkeigq}ga ztlzlqei

}l qlisk knsgtlnokn}ei ztldikoq gn e dtlem qknqk) ztlsgmgnb ...e cteokrlt` clt

}fk gn}kbte}gln lc knsgtlnokn}ei zligagkq enm mkskilzokn} q}te}kbgkq

&RAKM8=:'. ]rl mkaemkq ec}kt }fgq ezzkei gn L{t Alooln C{}{tk lc }fk

Rltim Aloogqqgln ln Knsgtlnokn} enm Mkskilzokn} &5762') m{k }l }fk

alnakz}"q "aln}kv}/qzkagcgag}w" &Qnkmmln 4::: eq ag}km gn Limcgkim enm Qfer)

z.176') tkqketafktq ea`nlrikmbk g}q tkiksenak clt ne}glnei enm gn}ktne}glnei

zligaw enm g}q kccka}gsknkqq eq en eneiw}gaei }lli.


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D{} rfgik }fk lskteii tku{gtkokn} lc }tenqg}gln }l q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} gq e

nkr ltgkn}e}gln gn gn}ktne}glnei tkie}glnq &RAKM8=:') q{q}egnedgig}w feq nl} wk}

dkkn gozikokn}km e} }fk bildei ikski. G} al{im dk etb{km }fe} }fk Dt{nm}ienm

tkzlt} gq oktkiw ...e }eik }fe} e mgqknafen}km &olmktn' rltim }kiiq g}qkic edl{} g}qqem alnmg}gln &Kqaldet8576' lt e bildei ow}f. Rfk}fkt q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn}

}knmq }l dkalok e} ikeq} e ne}glnei ow}f gn T{qqge rgii dk mgqa{qqkm gn }fgq rlt`.

Gn T{qqgen fgq}ltw lnk aen ldqktsk flr gmkeq dkaeok zlig}gaei ow}fq enm

gmklilbgaei ikbg}gogqgnb mksgakq. Qlsgk} ikemktq fem cen}eq}ga sgqglnq enm

ztlaiegokm }fkgt alnaktn clt z{diga fkei}f enm }fk ztl}ka}gln lc ne}{tei tkql{takq)

wk} sglie}km ztgnagzikq lc h{q}gak enm }fk mgbng}w lc f{oeng}w enm ne}{tk.Ckqfdeaf enm Ctgknmiwq ae{}glnetw }eik lc e fgbf alq} lc nkbika}gnb }fk

knsgtlnokn} gn }fk Qlsgk} T{qqge tkognmq e tkemkt ...lc }fk }kttgdik ztgak gn

f{oen fkei}f enm ne}{tei rkei}f kvea}km ctlo }fk Qlsgk} zklzik dw ikemktq enm e

qwq}ko }fe} z{} cgtq} }fgnbq ieq} &Ckqfdeaf enm Ctgknmiw8vsgg'. Kalilbgaei

mkq}t{a}gln req kv}knqgsk) d{} }fk Qlsgk} qwq}ko eiql ae{qkm oeqqgsk q{ccktgnb

enm al{n}ikqq agsgigen mke}fq mteoe}gaeiiw tkm{agnb zklzikq zlig}gaei tgbf}q enm

agsgi zl}kn}gei. ]fk qalzk lc }fk knsgtlnokn}ei atgqgq ...nl} lniw mkcie}km

ztk}knqglnq edl{} }fk qlagei oktg}q lc }fk Qlsgk} qwq}ko d{} eiql tkcika}km ...en

eaa{o{ie}gnb qlagei dtke`mlrn &Ckqfdeaf enm Ctgknmiw84'. ]fk ogbf}w Qlsgk}

gnm{q}tgei agsgigxe}gln sgt}{eiiw enngfgie}km g}qkic dw zlgqlngnb g}q ienm)

knmenbktgnb }fk fkei}f lc g}q zklzik enm {nmktogngnb }fkgt zqwaflilbgaei rkii/

dkgnb &Ckqfdeaf enm Ctgknmiw85)4'. ]fk aeqk tkbgln }fk ckt}gik @{den)

T{qqgeq dtkemdeq`k} / rg}nkqqkm dl}f oeqqgsk {qk lc }lvga ebtga{i}{tei

afkogaeiq) zlgqlngnb g}q re}kt et}ktgkq enm lskteii }fk Qke lc Exls enm }fk Diea`

Qke) mgqt{z}gln lc ienm enm btl{nmre}kt aln}eogne}gln) gn{nme}glnq) ilqq gn

cgqfktw gnalok ae{qkm dw zkq}gagmkq enm gnm{q}tgei req}kq enm koktbknak lc e

rflik et}gcgagei qke }l q{zzlt} gttgbe}gln lc en eodg}gl{q ztlhka} ln a{i}gse}gln lc

ilrienm tgak.


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Ztgltg}w clt btlqq l{}z{} gn gnm{q}tw enm ebtga{i}{tk) f{bk gnskq}okn}q gn }fk

rtlnb }kafnlilbgkq &ac. Ckqfdeaf enm Ctgknmiw83:') mkaemkq lc kttlt enm

gnmgccktknak &Ckqfdeaf enm Ctgknmiw8;5') ogqt{ik) igu{gme}gln dw kvztlztge}gln)

mkzlt}e}gln) }fk oen/oemk ceognk enm ...oenebktgei gnalfktknak enmaln}koz}{l{q nkbika} fesk eii ikc} e zg}gc{i ikbeaw lc req}km enm ed{qkm

tkql{takq) dl}f zfwqgaei enm f{oen &Ckqfdeaf enm Ctgknmiw8;2'. Kqqkn}gei

f{oen tgbf}q) ne}{tk enm f{oen fkei}f rktk }e`kn eq e zikmbk lc }fk gozktgei

ztlqzktg}w.

G} gq gtlnga }fe} e} }fk }gok lc }fkqk e}tlag}gkq enm kalagmei ztea}gakq eiolq} ksktw

qk}}ikokn} ln }fk seq} }kttg}ltw lc }fk Qlsgk} [ngln ok} wl{ rg}f }fk bgen} ik}}ktq8Ksktw}fgnb }l }fk f{oen dknkcg}) ksktw}fgnb clt }fk f{oen bllm% Nkg}fkt

f{oen/ nlt kal/akn}tkm gnm{q}tgei kalnlow lc }fk Qlsgk} q}e}k {qkm q{af qilbenq

}l mgqb{gqk mgqtkbetm clt) f{ogige}gln enm mgqkozlrktokn} lc g}q ag}gxknq enm

...}fk ilnb/}kto enm aln}gn{gnb ed{qk lc }rl kqqkn}gei tkql{takq) ne}{tk enm

f{oen fkei}f &Ckqfdeaf enm Ctgknmiw84'. E tgaf ztk/tksli{}glnetw }temg}gln lc

ne}{tei fgq}ltw enm ne}{tk ztl}ka}gln qlagk}gkq &B{fe8543) ac. Rkgnkt 5777)

Limcgkim 4::;' enm }fk kv}teltmgnetw zl}kn}gei lc }fk Qlsgk} T{qqgen qagknak rktk

fgnmktkm dw lzztkqqgsk tkbgokq. Fgq}ltgaeiiw) ...}fk tkqketaf ebknme ztlol}km dw

Qlsgk} kalilbgq}q req nl} tkemgiw aloztkfknqgdik }l ltmgnetw cli` lt }l Qlsgk}

d{tke{ate}q &Rkgnkt8552' rfl igskm dkfgnm }fk gmklilbgaei ill`gnb/bieqq lc e

oe}ktgeigq}ga sgqgln. Enm tkskeignb enl}fkt mgqatkzenaw8 ...rk oew qzke` lc }fk

dglilbgq}q/ea}gsgq}q enm }fk d{tke{ate}q eq dkilnbgnb }l }rl qkzete}k a{i}{tkq)

}twgnb }l aloo{ngae}k eatlqq e rgmk b{ic lc ienb{ebk enm sei{kq &Gdgm.8552'. Gn

tkeig}w }fk Qlsgk} q}e}k fkim dea` knsgtlnokn}eigqo enm }fk nkr T{qqgen q}e}k feq

aln}gn{km }fgq ztea}gak {z {n}gi nlr. Enm g}q ceemk gq q}gii zegn}km rg}f

mkolate}ga qilbenq.

Sei{kq b{gmk {q gn aflgakq lc ea}gsg}gkq enm bleiq. ]fk mkskilzokn} ztldiko

aloolniw tkie}kq }l }fk ztldiko lc sei{kq enm e}}g}{mkq. ]fe} gq rfw tkqketaf ln

q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} qfl{im gnslisk ailqk kveogne}gln lc ilaei e}}g}{mkq enm


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2

zet}ga{ietg}gkq. Alnaktngnb q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn}) }fktk gq e f{bk bez gn

T{qqgen qlagk}w dk}rkkn mkqgtkm qwq}ko lc sei{kq enm kvgq}gnb ze}}ktnq enm

e}}g}{mkq. Olmktn qlagk}ei ztea}gakq gn T{qqge mgqziew en gttkalnagiedik z{ii erew

ctlo }fk deqga ztgnagzikq lc }fk Dt{nm}ienm Tkzlt}. Bknkteiiw) ow gn}kn}gln gq nl}}l etb{k }fe} q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} gq ...e Rkq}ktn ok}flm lc mlogne}gnb)

tkq}t{a}{tgnb) enm fesgnb e{}fltg}w;

]fk T{qqgen sgkr ln q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} aloolniw &gn lccgagei mla{okn}q)

mgqal{tqkq enm zlz{iet sgkrq' d{gimq ln e zfgilqlzfgaei enm a{i}{tei fktg}ebk.

lskt mkskilzokn}q ebknme rltim/rgmk. G

eo alnsgnakm }fe} q{q}egnedgig}w gq nl} h{q} e mgqal{tqk d{} e bkn{gnk nkkm.

3

Qlok Rkq}ktn tkqketafktq fesk emog}}km }fk bez8

O{af lc }fgq }fkltk}gaei cl{nme}gln gq ztlsgmkm dw Siemgogt Sktnemq`wqnllqzfktk }fkltw. Gn Sktnemq`w"q ltgbgnei }fkltw) }fk nllqzfktk gq }fk }fgtm

zfeqk lc ksli{}gln) ec}kt }fk bklqzfktk &gnengoe}k oe}}kt' enm }fkdglqzfktk

&dglilbgaei igck'. ]fk at{agei zlgn} gq }fe} f{oenq fesk dkalok e nkr enm

zlrktc{i bklilbgaei cltak edik }l }tenqclto }fk zienk}. ]fk koktbknak lc }fk

nllqzfktk qfl{im dkalok ...e atg}gaei ksli{}glnetw q}kz nkkmkm clt ztkqktsgnb

enm tkalnq}t{a}gnb }fk dglqzfktk gn }fk gn}ktkq} lc f{oeng}w eq e qgnbik kn}g}w

&Qogi8433'. T{qqgen ezztleafkq }l }fk alnakz} lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn}

ztkq{zzlqk }fkqk gmkeq lc Sktnemq`w. Gn lccgagei mkde}kq) }fk alnakz} lc

nllqzfktk gq gn}ktign`km rg}f }fk gmke lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn}.

L{t gbnltenak lc Sktnemq`w tkognmq {q lc l{t iea` lc `nlrikmbk lc }fk

fgq}ltw lc kalilbw gn T{qqge enm }fk zet} ziewkm dw Sktnemq`wq dglqzfktk

alnakz} gn }fk tgqk lc }fk Qlsgk} }temg}gln lc knsgtlnokn}ei q}{mgkq enm

bildei kalilbw &Btgnkseim8=4'.

; Gng}geiiw }fkqk rltmq etk edl{} Ltgkn}eigqo mlogne}gln ctlo Kmretm Qegmq Ltgkn}eigqo) ag}km gn

Kqaldet) z. 3.3Rfgik gn }fk Rkq}) }fkqk q}ltgkq lc }fk te}glnei Qlsgk} q}kretmqfgz lc ne}{tk enm }fk kalnlow rktknkskt o{af eaakz}km &Aflie`ls85;7') m{k }l }fk kalagmkt goebk lc }fk Qlsgk} zlrkt.


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E} }fk qeok }gok) T{qqgen qaflietq zlgn} l{} }fe} }fk Dt{nm}ienm Tkzlt} aln}egnq

nl tkcktknak }l enw }fkltk}gaei dea`btl{nm clt }fk alnakz} lc q{q}egnedik

mkskilzokn} &@eqgols k} ei.81:'. Rfgik) }fk ztldiko lc ltgbgneig}w enm

aln}gn{g}w lc gmkeq gq en gnsg}gnb tkqketaf }lzga) ne}glnei lt ilaei }temg}glnei rewqlc gn}ktztk}gnb mkskilzokn} sgq//sgq }fk knsgtlnokn} nkkm }l dk aetkc{iiw

kveognkm &Gdgm.81:'.

]fk lccgagei ztlhka} lc }fk Ne}glnei Q}te}kbw lc Q{q}egnedik Mkskilzokn} lc }fk

T{qqgen Ckmkte}gln etb{kq }fe} ...m{k }l gn}kiika}{ei enm qzgtg}{ei zl}kn}gei)

T{qqge aen aln}tgd{}k }l }fk bildei ztlakqq lc k}fgaei }tenqcltoe}glnq 2

Q}{mwgnb }fk gnci{knak lc }fk T{qqgen a{i}{tei }temg}gln ln }fk zktakz}gln lc }fk

gmke lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} gn T{qqge) Limcgkim tkalbngqkm }fe} ...g} gq aiket

}fe} T{qqgeq gn}ktztk}e}gln lc }fk q{q}egnedgig}w alnakz} gq gnci{knakm dw g}q lrn

a{i}{tei fktg}ebk) enm nl}km }fe} kskn lccgagei mla{okn}q mkaietk }fe} T{qqge gq

ztkmgqzlqkm }lretmq }fk nl}gln lc q{q}egnedgig}w &Limcgkim 4::587=) 5:;'. Eq e

oe}}kt lc cea}) eq G qfeii qflr) }fk q{q}egnedgig}w mgqal{tqk gn T{qqge gq mkkziw

kn}rgnkm rg}f mgqal{tqkq alnaktngnb ne}glnei gmkeiq enm }fk tlik lc T{qqge gn }fk

rltim &k.b. Olgqkks Q. 4::=) We`fngn 4::3'.

&]fk

Q}te}kbw83'. ]fk Q}te}kbw eiql q}e}kq }fe} gmkeq qgogiet }l q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn}fesk dkkn kvztkqqkm dw qksktei T{qqgen qagkn}gq}q. Mgqa{qqgnb }fk q}ebkq lc

}tenqg}gln }l q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} enm }fk tlik lc qagknak) }fk Q}te}kbw tkcktq

}l Sktnemq`w enm fgq gmke lc nllqzfktk eq ...e nkr clto lc agsgigqe}gln

kvgq}knak &Gdgm.83'. G} q}e}kq }fe} eafgksgnb }fgq q}ebk lc }tenqg}gln }l q{q}egnedik

mkskilzokn} rgii dk }fk cgtq} q}ebk lc nllqzfktk mkskilzokn} &Gdgm.83'.

2 [nikqq q}e}km l}fktrgqk) eii }fk }tenqie}glnq ctlo }fk ql{takq gn T{qqgen gn }fk }fkqgq etk ognk.


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Clto{ie}gln lc Akn}tei U{kq}glnq enm Ego lc }fk Tkqketaf.

]fgq gn}ktmgqagzignetw q}{mw kvziltkq }fk gmke lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} eq g} feq

mkskilzkm gn T{qqge. G}q ego gq }l kveognk }fk gmke lc q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} gn

}fk aln}kv} lc lnk al{n}tw) dl}f fgq}ltgaeiiw) alozetgnb g} }l }fk qgogiet gmkeq gn

T{qqgen }fl{bf}) enm a{ttkn}iw) alsktgnb ztea}gakq enm e}}g}{mkq tkie}gnb }l

q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} gn e aeqk tkbgln }fk @teqnlmet ]kttg}ltw. E} e mkkzkt

ikski) ow tkqketaf }eq` rgii dk }l mgqa{qq en eq}lngqfgnb zetemlv8 T{qqge eq e

al{n}tw rfgaf feq e dem }tea` tkaltm gn sglie}gnb }fk mgbng}w lc f{oenq enm

ne}{tk enm wk} gq eiql e ztka{tqlt lc cen}eq}ga oltei sgqglnq lc q{q}egnedgig}w.

]fgq }fkqgq emmtkqqkq }fk }rl oegn u{kq}glnq8 Rfe} etk }fk gn}kiika}{ei tkql{takq

clt q{q}egnedgig}w gn }fk T{qqgen }fl{bf}< Rfe} gq q{q}egnedik mkskilzokn} gn

T{qqge8 e zlig}gqgqkm ow}f) e igbg}gogqgnb mksgak clt }fk q}e}k) lt en ksli{}glnetw

q}kz gn }{nk rg}f }fk T{qqgen qagkn}gcga fktg}ebk

Russia and Sustainable Development

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