THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA APEH, chapter 16. Russia becomes sovereign.
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Transcript of THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA APEH, chapter 16. Russia becomes sovereign.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA
APEH, chapter 16
Russia becomes sovereign
Slavic Princes had served the Mongol’s – paid homage These are local rulers of various regions through
what is today Russia, between Adriatic Sea and Caucus Mnts
Ivan (III) the Great expanded the principality of Moscow and stopped acknowledging the Mongol Khans Declared himself the autocrat of Moscow/Russia Forced weaker Slavic principalities to pay tribute to
him Instituted a tax system, postal route, and census Received support from the BOYARS (nobles)
Russia
Ivan IV (1533-1584) Took title “CZAR” (Caesar) Expanded territories east Reduced BOYAR’S,
nobility’s, power
Ivan IV TERRIBLE!
Ivan the Terrible 1560s: Ivan changes
Became suspicious of his closest advisors
Created a private police force to punish opposition
1565: seized land from 12,000 BOYARS
Killed thousands in Novgorod, suspected they wanted to separate from Russia
1581: killed his own son
Russia
“Time of Troubles” many rulers because of lack of heir
1613: Michael Romanov crowned czar
Russia
Russia dominated by landed aristocrats Abundance of land,
shortage of peasants made serfdom ideal for nobles
Bound peasants to the land
Merchants not allowed to move from cities
RUSSIA
Peter I 1682: became czar as child,
sister ruled until he was 17 6’9, coarse and crude 1697-1698: traveled west
in disguise Realized Russia was
backward Introduced reforms and
Western ideals Labored side-by-side with
thousands of carpenters building a navy
Peter the Great’s Reforms
Reorganized the government 1711: creates Senate to supervise
administration while he is away on military campaigns
Creates boards of administrations for specific functions Foreign affairs, war, justice
Divided Russia into fifty provinces 1722: Table of Ranks- creates
opportunities for non-nobles to serve and join nobility Nobility based on merit?!
Tried to adopt mercantilism but large military required raising taxes
Peter the Great’s Reforms
Peter’s main goal at Westernization was to make Russia a military power “window to the West” – port easily
accessible to West Baltic Sea only option – controlled
by Sweden Great Northern War (1701-1721)
Peace of Nystadt- Russia acquired Estonia, Livonia, Karelia; Sweden became second rate power
Peter built St. Petersburg on Baltic
Charles XII
“English Embankment,” St. Petersburg, Russia
Palace Square, St. Petersburg
Church of the Savior on Spilt Blood,St. Petersburg, Russia