Russia and Europe1600-1750

Kirby Landon, Carolina Ribeiro, Cristi Schlesinger

How were the political, social, and economic changes in Europe and Russia all related?

Commercial integration,

religious conflict,

consolidation of power

Changes in Russia

Vast domain

Internal diversity

Absolutist governme

nt

Changes in

Europe

Rise of northern powers

Successful monarchies

Mercantilist wars

Expansion of Russia (Muscovy)Not affected by Thirty Years’ WarSecurity and religion inspired expansionEliminated the steppe nomadsInternally diverseEurope or Asia?

Map of Russian Expansion

Russia’s Budding EconomyExtended commercial networksTrading postsTaxation of aboriginalsPrivateersRomanovs

Absolutist GovernmentTsar

Nobles

Local aristocrats

Peasants

SiberiaPeople migrated eastward

Escaped serfdomSettled their own land

Great Siberian Post RoadLand of prisoners

The Thirty Years’ WarOriginally German Catholics vs. German ProtestantsBecame a conflict throughout EuropeDepopulationEnded with Treaty of Westphalia (1648)Changed European warfare

Social Consequences

Large armies Expensive war Heavy taxes Peasant

revolts

European EconomiesRise of northern citiesDutch pioneered economic practicesEngland and France protected their

economiesAgricultural developments in northwestern

EuropeEngland changed the organization of

property

French MonarchyAbsolute monarchyDivine right of kingsVersailles was

center of court lifeNot everyone was

pleasedProtestants,

peasants, criticism, nobles

English MonarchyBeginning with Queen

Elizabeth in 1555Control of patronageCourt festivitiesQueens could rule by

themselvesParliament was still

important

Puritans vs. Anglicans

Puritans• S

imple worship

• Equality within church government

• Parliament

Anglicans• O

rnate ceremonies

• Religious hierarchy headed by monarch

• The Church of England

Civil War• Beheading

of King Charles I (Anglican/The Church of England)

• Victory for parliamentary army (Puritan)

• Twelve years without a monarch

Glorious Revolution

Monarch• J

ames II

• Absolutist

Parliament• S

hared power

Glorious Revolution• Parliam

ent and monarch must rule together

• King William III and Queen Mary II

• Church of England became official church

• Presbyterians and Jews could practice their religion

• Catholicism was “forbidden”

• Nobility and merchant classes got a say

Political WritingsLeviathan by Thomas

HobbesDefending absolute

powerTwo Treatises of Civil

Government by John LockeFocused on rights of

peopleDiscussed

consequences of unlimited power

Mercantilist WarsConflict over trade

regionsMerchants smuggled

goods into enemy territory

Mostly outside of Europe

Led to French and Indian WarBritain emerged as

greatest power

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