Rural Society and Polity- Lecture I.ppt

8/11/2019 Rural Society and Polity- Lecture I.ppt

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Rural Society and Polity


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Introductory Concepts on Society andCulture

Society is a system of usages andprocedures , of authority and mutual aid, ofmany groupings and divisions, of controls of

human behaviour and of liberties Mutual awareness

Society involves both likeness and

difference Man is a social animal


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Community

Wherever the members of any group ,small or large, live together in such a waythat they share , not this or that particularinterest , but the basic conditions of a

common life, we call that group acommunity.

Locality a territorial area

Community Sentiments- Sense ofbelonging

Great and Small Communities


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Associations

Association is a group organised for the pursuit of aninterest or group of interests in common.

Associations and communities are different because of

interest aspect of associations Sometime associations become communities such as

monasteries, convents and prisons

State is also a form of association

Schools, colleges, University, Political Parties, Sects,Churches, army, police etc. are all associations

Corresponding to its peculiar method the association hasa corporate character.


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Institutions

Institutions are established forms or conditionsof procedure characteristic of group activity

Institutions are recurrent, repetitive andpurposive

Every association with respect to its interest hasits characteristic institutions

We belong to community and association butnot to institutions

Marriage, representative government, legislative

procedures, examination are examples ofinstitutions

Community also establish institutions- dating,group marriages, levirate, child marriage etc.

Community Institutions develop gradually andattain a social form


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Folkways, Mores and Customs Folkways are recognised or accepted ways of behaving

in society. They include conventions, forms of etiquetteand myriad ways of behaviour human beings haveevolved.

Folkways when not merely used as norm but as

regulators we are viewing them as more Wearing of clothes of a particular style is in conformity

with folkways while wearing clothes at all is influencedby mores

Customs are socially accredited ways of acting They are strongly embedded in our group life We make the error of considering our customs as the

only correct way of doing things Institutions and customs are closely related

Institutions have marks of public recognition


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Values and Norms

The values identify those objects, conditionsor characteristics that members of thesociety consider important; that is, valuable.

Social norms can also be viewed asstatements that regulate behavior and act asinformal social controls. They are usuallybased in some degree of consensus and are

enforced through social sanctions.


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Individual and Society Individual- a product of growth of society

Society is not just a sum of individuals andis a phenomenon of different order Societies have evolved from mechanical

solidarity (primitive) to organic solidarity

(modern) Mechanical solidarity (MS) is solidarity of

resemblance Organic solidarity (OS) is solidarity of

difference based on structuraldifferentiation and division of labour

Transition marking this change is reflected

by change from repressive to restitutivelaw


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Individual and Society

Society is present in some form in all

individuals Even religion has been interpreted as

transfigured form of society

Society is recreated in every social formthrough distinctive ways and methods

Major reasons of suicides are interpreted aseither

Too much integration with society

Too little integration with society and

Normlessness in society

Rural Society and Polity- Lecture I.ppt

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