Route surveying

Route Survey―a survey for determining the

route of a proposed pipeline, power line, cable,

road or other linear facilities in order to

acquire a right-of-way, servitude or easement

from the property owner being crossed.

- Prakash Kumar SekarPrakash Kumar Sekar

Reconnaissance Survey

Gather sufficient information to select

one or more possible route

• Assemble basic information

– Topographic maps

– Cadastral maps / GIS

– Aerial photos

Prakash Kumar Sekar

Reconnaissance Survey

• Evaluate

– General topography

– Geology

– Meteorological statistics

– Flood records

– Unsuitable terrain

– Land use and ownership / Local Authority’s

GIS

– Existing services

– Existing communicationsPrakash Kumar Sekar

Reconnaissance Survey

• Field reconnaissance to confirm

assembled data

• Choose possible routes

• NOTIFY RELEVANT AUTHORITIES

Prakash Kumar Sekar

Preliminary Surveying• Collect sufficient information to design

the horizontal and vertical alignment

and thus:– Likely earthwork quantities

– Intersection details

– Bridge and culvert sites

– Stream diversions

– Land resumptions

– Water catchments

– Flood levels

– Road building material

– Total cost Prakash Kumar Sekar

culvert

Prakash Kumar Sekar

Preliminary Survey• Survey methodology

– Place traverse stations along proposed

route

– Establish basic horizontal and vertical

control

– Control traverse between traverse

stations for horizontal coordinates

– Spirit level vertical control (if necessary)

– Draw paper location for minimum gradient

and curvature, earthwork, suitable cross

sectionPrakash Kumar Sekar

Preliminary Survey

It is taken by three party

• The transit party

– Consists of four to seven person conducts

traverse and measure azimith

– Records topographical details, property lines,

drainage structures pipe lines, road and

railways

Prakash Kumar Sekar

• The level party (3 person)

– Establish bench marks

– Conducts l-S and C-S surveying

• Topography or cross section party• Detail topography survey

Prakash Kumar Sekar

Working Survey• A working survey must provide data of

sufficient accuracy and extent for the

satisfactory detailed design of the road

and the later setting-out for

construction.

Prakash Kumar Sekar

Working Survey• Survey Marks

– Pegs (75mm * 50mm) are placed along the

centre line (straight and curves) at 20 / 50

metre intervals

– Offsets (75mm * 50mm pegs, short star

pickets driven flush) placed left and right of

centre line

• 200 metre intervals

• beginning, centre and end of curves

– level and check level all centre line and

offset pegs Prakash Kumar Sekar

Working Survey• Survey Marks, cont

– establish benchmarks

• at 1km intervals

• at bridge and culvert sites

Prakash Kumar Sekar

CONSTRUCTION SURVEY

urban equivalent to the Working Survey

• route is pre-determined by the presence

of existing road reserves

• general survey requirements are the

same as for Working Surveys

• density of detail is such that the

procedures of observation and

recording may have to be variedPrakash Kumar Sekar

Route Surveying for highway

• Recinnaisance Survey

– Alignment should avoid cutting and banking

– No obstruction

– Gradient

– Avoid cross drainage works

– Type of soil, flood level

– Source of construction material

– Type of terrain

Prakash Kumar Sekar

Preliminary survey for highway

• Primary traverse

• Topographical survey

• Leveling work

• Hydrological data

• Soil survey

• Establishing bench marks

• Intersection of canals rivers and property

Prakash Kumar Sekar

Location survey for Highway

• Centerline line is marked at 30m interval

• Benchmark for every 300m

• Cross section for every 30m

• All detail of cross drainage work

• Topographical detail

• Soil survey

• Total land width of highway

• Tangent points and intersection pointsPrakash Kumar Sekar

Route Survey for water ways

• Have both historical and modern

importance

• ocean water transportation

– 75% of world trade

– Also passenger transportation

– Military purposes

Prakash Kumar Sekar

Route Survey for water ways

• Inland water transportation

– Oldest form of transportation

– Uses canal or river

– Factors affecting inland transportation

• Diversion of rivers

• Deforestation

• Less importance

Prakash Kumar Sekar

Route Survey for water ways

• Topographical survey, hydrographic survey

and soil investigation

• Regular dredge to avoid silt formation

– Bucket or ladder dredger

– Hydraulics or cutter dredger

– Grab dredger

– Dipper dredger

– Rock dredgerPrakash Kumar Sekar