Roosevelt Taft WilsonBig Stick Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy

• Definition: The

art or practice of

conducting

international

relations, as in

negotiating

alliances,

treaties, and

agreements.

• Teddy Roosevelt is

elected President in

1900, he is popular

from his Rough

Rider image

• Embraced the ideas

of Anglo-Saxonism

• Intended to make

the country a world

power

• Teddy Roosevelt

• OBJECTIVE:

– KEEP EUROPE OUT

of Latin America

(Roosevelt Corollary

to the Monroe Doctrine)

– USE FORCE to defend

American interests in

Latin America

Speak Softly but

Carry a BIG

STICK

• This was an amendment

to the Monroe Doctrine.

• The “Roosevelt

Corollary” stated that

the U.S. would intervene

in Latin American affairs

when necessary to

maintain peace and

stability in the Western

Hemisphere.

• Reaffirm that Europe

stays out of “our side”

of the world… we will

handle it

US can intervene

in Latin American

Affairs

We are the top

dog in the

Western

Hemisphere

“All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries

stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people

conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship.

If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable

efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps

order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from

the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which

results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society,

may… ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation,

and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United

States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States,

however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or

impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.”

This is my

“STICK”

• In 1907 Roosevelt sent 16 battleships of the US Navy on a voyage around the world to showcase the nation’s military might.

• The tour made a stop in Japan to demonstrate that the US could and would uphold its interests in Asia

This is

getting old...

The World’s Most Important Shortcut

An area of water that is dug across land.

Canals connect bodies of water so that ships

can travel between them.

• In 1903 the US supported a rebellion against Colombia and helped rebels establish a breakaway state of Panama

• In exchange for the support, the US won the right to build a canal across Panama and control the adjacent territory known as the Panama Canal Zone

shorten the trip by nearly 8,000 miles

• The Spanish-American War brought the need for a short cut between the Atlantic

• and Pacific oceans. • Expand trade with Latin

America• Allows the United States to

better defend itself and better protect interests. • Can quickly move its

warships from one ocean to the other

The Panama Canal:The first ship to transit

the Panama Canal on

August 15, 1914

• 1904 The United States begins working on the Canal

• 1914 The canal is completed• It wasn’t until 1977 that the United

States signed a treaty with Panama and agreed to give Panama control of the canal in 1999

“Our interests and those of our southern

neighbors are in reality identical. They have

great natural riches, and if within their

borders the reign of law and justice

obtains, prosperity is sure to come to

them….We would interfere with them only if

it became evident that their inability or

unwillingness to do justice at home and

abroad had violated the rights of the United

States or had invited foreign aggression to

the detriment of the entire body of

American nations.”

The United States supported a revolution in

Panama at the turn of the 20th century in

order to

secure the right to build a canal through

Central America.

What were the US benefits of the

Panama Canal?

• Expand trade with Latin America

• better protect interests.

• quickly move its warships between oceans

The Roosevelt Corollary, stating that the

United States would intervene in Latin

American to maintain stability, was built

upon the…

• Monroe Doctrine

What did the Roosevelt Corollary to

the Monroe Doctrine state?

• The United States reserved the right to

intervene in the affairs of Latin America.

Which of the following diplomatic ideas

relied on having a strong naval force?

• Big Stick Diplomacy

• OBJECTIVE:

– PROTECT American

business interests in

Latin America

• Latin American governments were pressured to support US business interests

• By 1913 the US had displaced Great Britain as the leading exporter to Latin America

• 1911 – attempted to

have American bankers

included in international

plan to invest in

railroads in China

• 1912-Taft ordered

Marines into Nicaragua

when civil war

threatened to prevent

repayment of US bank

loan

Taft’s Chair at the Mission Inn

“The diplomacy of the present administration

has sought to respond to modern ideas of

commercial intercourse. This policy has been

characterized as substituting dollars for

bullets. It is one that appeals alike to idealistic

humanitarian sentiments, to the dictates of

sound policy and strategy, and to legitimate

commercial aims. It is an effort frankly

directed to the increase of American trade

upon the axiomatic principle that the

government of the United States shall extend

all proper support to every legitimate and

beneficial American enterprise abroad.”

• MORAL DIPLOMACY OBJECTIVE:

• SUPPORT democratic

governments in Latin America

• OPPOSE oppressive or

undemocratic governments

• US INTERESTS Protect US

investments, US encouraged

obedient, pro-American

governments in Latin America• When order was threatened, the

US did not hesitate to intervene• Between 1903 and 1934 the

US sent armed forces one or more times to six nations in the Caribbean, occupying three of them for more than a decade

• President Wilson added to

the Monroe Doctrine

giving it a moral tone

• US had the right to deny

recognition to any LA

government it viewed as

oppressive, undemocratic,

or hostile to US interests.

• Pressured LA countries to

establish democratic

governments

• 1914 – U.S. troops sent to occupy the Mexican port of Vera Cruz

• 1915 – sent Marines into Haiti civil war

• 1916 – Pancho Villa raided New Mexico, killing 19 Americans; Wilson sent forces into northern Mexico until

• 1916 - In the Philippines-territorial status and promised independence

• 1917 – sent Marines into the Dominican Republic

• 1917 - Puerto Rico- U.S. citizenship granted to Puerto Rican people; granted limited self-government

• 1917- In Mexico –“Watchful Waiting” – for government supporting civil rights & free elections

Noted that his administration desired

the "most cordial understanding and

cooperation" with Latin America. "As

friends … we shall prefer those who

act in the interest of peace and honor,

who protect private rights, and respect

the restraints of constitutional

provision.“

“Diplomacy”ALL protected US business

• Roosevelt: Big

Stick Diplomacy

Assertion of U.S.

dominance

• Navy is the Big Stick

•Taft: Dollar

Diplomacy The

Effort of the US to

further its aims in LA

through use of its

economic power by

guaranteeing loans

made to foreign

countries.

Wilson: Moral Diplomacysupport is only given to countries who’s moral beliefs are similar to the US.

• Expanded its access to

foreign markets in order

to ensure growth of the

economy

• Built a modern navy to

protect its interest abroad

• Used police power to

ensure dominance in

Latin America

• US emerged as a world

power

The foreign policy of President Taft focused

on advancing American commercial

interests abroad. Critics called it…

• Dollar Diplomacy

The “diplomacy” in which that the US

would only support governments similar

to the US?

• Moral Diplomacy

Roosevelt, Taft, & Wilson’s forms of

diplomacy all supported the

protection of…

– US business investment