DefinitionDefinition

• Romanticism -Romanticism - An artistic and intellectual An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and against established social rules and conventions.conventions.

Social ElementsSocial Elements

• The word romantic conveys sentiment and The word romantic conveys sentiment and feeling. It shows fantasy and fiction. Some feeling. It shows fantasy and fiction. Some people don’t really know the meaning of the people don’t really know the meaning of the word. Literary historians and Europeans have word. Literary historians and Europeans have been quarreling over the meaning of the been quarreling over the meaning of the word Romanticism for decades. Romantics word Romanticism for decades. Romantics were liberals and conservatives. The were liberals and conservatives. The expression Romantic gained respect during expression Romantic gained respect during its own time. In its own period of existence, a its own time. In its own period of existence, a few Romantics would have “agreed on a few Romantics would have “agreed on a general meaning” general meaning”

Social ElementsSocial Elements

• Romantics were liberals and Romantics were liberals and conservatives. The expression Romantic conservatives. The expression Romantic gained respect during its own time. In its gained respect during its own time. In its own period of existence, a few Romantics own period of existence, a few Romantics would have agreed on a general meaning.would have agreed on a general meaning.

Artistic ElementsArtistic Elements

• Romanticism was during the Gothic time. Romanticism was during the Gothic time. So many paintings and art were in that So many paintings and art were in that kind of style. They liked to use dark colors, kind of style. They liked to use dark colors, and bold styles, and big images to get the and bold styles, and big images to get the point across to its viewers. point across to its viewers.

Artistic ElementsArtistic Elements

• Artists liked their paintings to have a Artists liked their paintings to have a mysterious look to them. They mysterious look to them. They experimented with new color theories and experimented with new color theories and free brushwork. Painters and artists used free brushwork. Painters and artists used energetic brushstrokes, rich colors, and energetic brushstrokes, rich colors, and emotive subject matters.emotive subject matters.

Artistic ElementsArtistic Elements

• Writers during this time liked to write Writers during this time liked to write about feelings and opinions. They liked not about feelings and opinions. They liked not having any boundaries or rules. They having any boundaries or rules. They wrote freely and passionately. They wrote freely and passionately. They expressed the way the felt, and they didn’t expressed the way the felt, and they didn’t let anything hold them back. Individualism let anything hold them back. Individualism was a great part in Romanticism. was a great part in Romanticism.

Literary PeriodLiterary Period

• Romanticism was an artistic movement in Romanticism was an artistic movement in the late 18th century. It was the effect of the late 18th century. It was the effect of the Enlightenment period, and a reaction the Enlightenment period, and a reaction against nationalism. It has been called the against nationalism. It has been called the Counter-Enlightenment. People who didn’t Counter-Enlightenment. People who didn’t like the Enlightenment took a liking to the like the Enlightenment took a liking to the Romanticism period.Romanticism period.

Literary PeriodLiterary Period

• Romanticism saw a shift from faith in reason to faith in the senses, feelings, and imagination; a shift from interest in urban society to an interest in the rural and natural; a shift from public, impersonal poetry to subjective poetry; and from concern with the scientific to interest in the mysterious and infinite. Mainly they cared about the individual, intuition, and imagination.

Literary PeriodLiterary Period

• Imagination and emotion are more important than reason and formal rules; imagination is a gateway to transcendent experience and truth.

• Romantic literature tends to emphasize a love of nature, a respect for primitivism, and a valuing of the common, "natural" human.

MusicMusic

• In music, romanticism is a term used to In music, romanticism is a term used to describe a broad range of works. It is describe a broad range of works. It is characterized by an emphasis on emotion characterized by an emphasis on emotion and great freedom of form. Long and great freedom of form. Long expressive melodies, emphasis on colorful expressive melodies, emphasis on colorful harmony and instrumentation, and harmony and instrumentation, and flexibility in rhythm and treatment of flexibility in rhythm and treatment of musical form are also characteristics of musical form are also characteristics of romanticism in musicromanticism in music

MusicMusic

• Many 19th century composers took a deep Many 19th century composers took a deep interest in setting romantic poems to music interest in setting romantic poems to music and using romantic novels and dramas as and using romantic novels and dramas as the subject matter for operas and the subject matter for operas and symphonic poems. symphonic poems.

• Some of the many themes of romanticism in Some of the many themes of romanticism in music are the cult of youth, individualism, music are the cult of youth, individualism, intensity and extremes of feeling, love of intensity and extremes of feeling, love of nature, alienation, nationalism, and nature, alienation, nationalism, and idealism. idealism.

ComposersComposers

• Some of the more noted composers of the Some of the more noted composers of the romantic period include Beethoven, romantic period include Beethoven, Weber, Schubert, Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Weber, Schubert, Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Chopin, Listz, and Wagner. Schumann, Chopin, Listz, and Wagner. Some of the lesser noted composers are Some of the lesser noted composers are Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Dvorak, Grieg, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Dvorak, Grieg, Elgar, Puccini, Mahler, Strauss, and Elgar, Puccini, Mahler, Strauss, and Sibelius. Sibelius.

Important PeopleImportant People

• Eugene Delacroix Eugene Delacroix  -  French Romantic  -  French Romantic painter, who painted exotic scenes, and painter, who painted exotic scenes, and whose use of color over line inspired the whose use of color over line inspired the Impressionists. Impressionists.

• Goethe Goethe  -  18th and 19th century German  -  18th and 19th century German writer, who worked in nearly every writer, who worked in nearly every imaginable field, from science to drama. imaginable field, from science to drama. Considered one of the greatest German Considered one of the greatest German writerswriters

Important PeopleImportant People

• Karl Marx Karl Marx  -  German economist and philosopher who,  -  German economist and philosopher who, along with Friedrich Engels, wrote The Communist along with Friedrich Engels, wrote The Communist Manifesto and Manifesto and Das KapitalDas Kapital while in living in England. while in living in England.

• Friedrich Schiller Friedrich Schiller  -  German Romantic dramatist of  -  German Romantic dramatist of the late 18th and early 19th century. the late 18th and early 19th century.

• Karl Friedrich Schinkel Karl Friedrich Schinkel  -  German Romantic architect  -  German Romantic architect who worked both in classical forms; a leader in the who worked both in classical forms; a leader in the Gothic Revival. Gothic Revival.

• Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley  -  Influential British Romantic  -  Influential British Romantic poet, married to Mary Shelley. poet, married to Mary Shelley.

• Mary Shelley Mary Shelley  -  British Romantic writer, wife of Percy  -  British Romantic writer, wife of Percy Bysshe Shelley, and author of Frankenstein (1818), a Bysshe Shelley, and author of Frankenstein (1818), a classic allegory of the flaws of Reason and Science. classic allegory of the flaws of Reason and Science.

Key QuotesKey Quotes

• ““I was taken by the romanticism of being thought of as I was taken by the romanticism of being thought of as an adult and living in a world that was completely new an adult and living in a world that was completely new to me. I fell in love with acting then.” Mariel Hemingwayto me. I fell in love with acting then.” Mariel Hemingway

• ““In Romanticism, the main determinant is the mood, In Romanticism, the main determinant is the mood, the atmosphere. And in that regard, you could also the atmosphere. And in that regard, you could also describe Schubert as a Romantic.” Dietrich Fisher-describe Schubert as a Romantic.” Dietrich Fisher-DieskauDieskau

““Reduced to a miserable mass level, the level of a Reduced to a miserable mass level, the level of a Hitler, German Romanticism broke out into hysterical Hitler, German Romanticism broke out into hysterical barbarism.” Thomas Mann barbarism.” Thomas Mann

Key QuotesKey Quotes

• ““Satire is people as they are; romanticism, people as they Satire is people as they are; romanticism, people as they would like to be; realism, people as they seem with their would like to be; realism, people as they seem with their insides left out.”insides left out.”

Dawn Powell Dawn Powell

“To say the word Romanticism is to say modern art - that is, “To say the word Romanticism is to say modern art - that is, intimacy, spirituality, color, aspiration towards the infinite, intimacy, spirituality, color, aspiration towards the infinite, expressed by every means available to the arts.”expressed by every means available to the arts.”Charles Baudelaire Charles Baudelaire

“You begin saving the world by saving one man at a time; “You begin saving the world by saving one man at a time; all else is grandiose romanticism or politics.”all else is grandiose romanticism or politics.”Charles Bukowski Charles Bukowski

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