Role of WRITS in administrative law

8/7/2019 Role of WRITS in administrative law

1/14

MLAPQ IM^ _OBDDI) IZOEKD^

Xdij dc^XAP_ ak M`lakaspxmpaj Im~

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2/14

Mlapq Im~ _obddi) Izoekd~ 86==

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Mkaljsb Ezlmx


3/14


aa Xdij dc ^XAP_ ak M`lakaspxmpaj Im~y M@LAKA_PXMPASJ IM^

Ak`jr

=+Akpxd`zopadk++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=8+ Dxanak dc ^xaps++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8?+Baspdxaomi Hmoenxdzk`+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?0+ ^xaps+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++?:+ Odkspapzpadkmi vxdasadks++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:3+Xdij dc ~xaps ak m`lakaspxmpaj mopadks+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++3>+Mvviaompadk dc ^xaps ak M`lakaspxmpaj Im~+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>2+ Odkoizsadk++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=61+Hahiadnxmvbq+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++==


4/14


= Xdij dc ^XAP_ ak M`lakaspxmpaj Im~y M@LAKA_PXMPASJ IM^

Akpxd`zopadk

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`qkmlaomiiq omxakn pbj vxakoavijs mk` jrojvpadks) ~baij lmeakn pbj gzàoami

xjaj~ dc m`lakaspxmpaj mopadks+

P~d alvdxpmkp msvjops dc m`lakaspxmpaj im~ mxj pbj odkpxdi ljobmkasl djx pbj

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mkq m`lakaspxmpaj mopadk+ Pd jkszxj odkpxdi mk` xjiajc) gzàoamxq vimqs m

sankacaomkp xdij+ Gzàoami odkpxdi djx m`lakaspxmpaj mzpbdxapajs vxjjkps pbjjrjxoasj dc mxhapxmxakjss mk` jkszxjs pbj mvviaompadk dc xzij dc im~+ Pbjxj mxj m

lqxam` dc vxakoavijs vzp cdx~mx` hq pbj odzxps cdx xjnzimpakn pbj czkopadks dc pbj

m`lakaspxmpaj hdàjs ak àccjxjkp àljksadks mk` ap bms nxjmpiq odkpxahzpj` pd

pbj nxd~pb dc m`lakaspxmpaj im~+ Pbj Odkspapzpadk dc Akàm bms vxda`j` cdx pbj

sqspjl dc ^xaps zk`jx Mxpaoij ?8 mk` 883 pd jkcdxoj czk`mljkpmi xanbps+ Pbjsj

vxdasadks jlvd~jx pbj _zvxjlj Odzxp mk` pbj Banb Odzxps dc Akàm pd asszj

^xaps+ M ^xap as m gzàoami dx`jx ak pbj cdxl dc m cdxlmi ~xappjk odllmk`)

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pd jrjxoasj aps ^xap gzxasàopadk ~bjxj mk asszj dc jkcdxojljkp dc czk`mljkpmi

xanbp as kdp akdij`+

Pbj m`lakaspxmpaj im~ as pbmp hxmkob dc im~ pbmp ejjvs pbj ndjxkljkpmi mopadks

~apbak pbj hdzk`s dc im~ dx pd vzp ap kjnmpajiq) ap vxjjkps pbj jkcdxojljkp dchimpmkpiq hm` dx`jxs cxdl hjakn `jxdnmpdxq+

Pbj Odzxps bmj odkspmkpiq pxaj` pd vxdpjop pbj iahjxpajs dc pbj vjdvij mk`msszlj vd~jxs zk`jx pbj Odkspapzpadk cdx gzàoami xjaj~ dc m`lakaspxmpajmopadks+ Pbj àsoxjpadkmxq vd~jxs bmj pd hj ozxhj`) ac pbjq mxj laszsj` dx

mhzsj`+ Pbj sdoad,vdiapao Akspapzpadk kjj` kdp oxq) ac pbj odzxps `d gzspaoj mk`

vjxcdxl pbj szhspmkpami xdij+ Pbmp as pbj jssjkoj dc gzspaoj+ Ap as szhlappj`) pbj

pxjk` as pd xjm` pbj sdoami gzspaoj mk` pd pxmksimpj ak xjmiapq+ Pbj ~jicmxj _pmpj bms

pd àsobmxnj aps `zpq cmaxiq ~apbdzp mkq mxhapxmxq mk` àsoxalakmpdxq pxjmpljkp pd

pbj vjdvij ak pbj odzkpxq+ Ac szob vd~jxs odlj pd pbj kdpaoj dc pbj Odzxps) pbjodzxps bmj xmasj` pbj mxls odksaspjkpiq ~apb pbj xzij dc im~+ Pd`mq pbj

Ndjxkljkp as pbj vxda`jx dc sdoami sjxaojs5 kj~ cdxl dc vxdvjxpq iaej gdhs)}zdpms) iaojksjs mk` lakjxmi xanbps jpo+ Pbj àsvjksjx dc svjoami sjxaojs omkkdp


5/14


8 Xdij dc ^XAP_ ak M`lakaspxmpaj Im~y M@LAKA_PXMPASJ IM^

pbjxjcdxj mop mxhapxmxaiq+ Odzxps ima` pbj spmk`mx` dc xjmsdkmhijkjss akNdjxkljkpmi mopadk+

Dxanak dc ^xaps

Pbj dxanak dc ~xaps omk hj `xm~k cxdl pbj Jkniasb Gzàoami sqspjl mk` ~jxj

oxjmpj` ~apb pbj `jjidvljkp dc Jkniasb cdie odzxps,lddps pd pbj odlldk im~

odzxps+ Pbj im~ dc ~xaps bms aps dxanak cxdl pbj dx`jxs vmssj` hq pbj Eakns

Hjkob ak Jknimk`+ ^xaps ~jxj asszj` dk m vjpapadk vxjsjkpj` pd pbj eakn ak

odzkoai mk` ~jxj odksa`jxj` ms m xdqmi dx`jx+ ^xaps ~jxj m ~xappjk dx`jx asszjàk pbj kmlj dc pbj eakn ~baob mopj` ms nxdzk`~dxe cdx pbj szhsj}zjkp

vxdojjàkns+ Bd~jjx) ~apb àccjxjkp sjnljkps ~xaps pdde mxadzs cdxls mk`

kmljs+ Pbj ~xaps ~jxj asszj` hq pbj oxd~k mk` ak pbj akpjxjsp dc pbj oxd~k hzp

~apb pbj vmssmnj dc palj ap hjomlj mmaimhij cdx dxàkmxq oapawjks misd+ Bd~jjxm vxjsoxahj` cjj ~ms obmxnj` cdx ap mk` pbj caiakn dc pbjsj ~xaps ~jxj ekd~k msVzxobmsj dc m ~xap+

Baspdxaomi Hmoenxdzk`

Pbj dxanak dc ~xaps ak Akàm ndjs hmoe pd pbj Xjnzimpakn Mop) =>>? zk`jx ~baob

_zvxjlj Odzxp ~ms jspmhiasbj` mp Omiozppm+ Pbj obmxpjx misd jspmhiasbj` dpbjx

Banb odzxps mk` pbjsj Banb Odzxps bm` mkmidndzs vd~jx pd asszj ~xaps ms

szoojssdx pd pbj _zvxjlj Odzxp+ Pbj dpbjx odzxps ~baob ~jxj jspmhiasbj`szhsj}zjkpiq à` kdp jkgdq pbas vd~jx+ Pbj ~xap gzxasàopadk dc pbjsj odzxps ~ms

ialapj` pd pbjax dxanakmi oaai gzxasàopadk ~baob pbjq jkgdqj` zk`jx sjopadk 0: dcpbj _vjoacao Xjiajc Mop) =2>>+

^xaps

OjxpadxmxaOjxpadxmxa as m Impak pjxl hjakn ak pbj vmssaj cdxl dc pbj ~dx`

Ojxpadxmxj ljmkakn pd akcdxl+ Ap ~ms m xdqmi `jlmk` cdx akcdxlmpadk+Ojxpadxmxa omk hj `jsoxahj` ms dkj dc pbj ldsp mizmhij mk` jccaoajkp

xjljàjs+ Ojxpadxmxa as dkj dc pbj caj vxjxdnmpaj ~xaps m`dvpj` hq pbj

Akàmk Odkspapzpadk zk`jx Mxpaoij 883 ~baob ~dzi` hj jkcdxoj` mnmaksp

pbj `joasadks dc pbj mzpbdxapq jrjxoasakn gzàoami dx }zmsa gzàoami vd~jxs+

_zob vd~jxs mxj jrjxoasj` ~bjk pbj mzpbdxapajs bmj cmaij` pd jrjxoasj

pbj gzxasàopadk pbdznb jspj` ak ap dx cmaij` pd jrjxoasj pbj gzxasàopadk

pbdznb jspj` dk bal dx pd odxxjop pbj mvvmxjkp jxxdx dk pbj cmoj dc xjodx`

dx pbjxj as adimpadk dc pbj vxakoavij dc kmpzxmi gzspaoj+ Mk akspmkoj

sbd~akn pbj ojxpadxmxa vd~jxs ~ms jrjxoasj` hq pbj Bdkhij _zvxjlj


6/14


? Xdij dc ^XAP_ ak M`lakaspxmpaj Im~y M@LAKA_PXMPASJ IM^

odzxp ak M+E+Exmavme + Zkadk dc Akàm=) ~bjxj pbj sjijopadk ~ms

obmiijknj` dk pbj nxdzk` dc hams+ Pbj _zvxjlj Odzxp `jiakjmpj` pbj

àspakopadk hjp~jjk }zmsa gzàoami mk` m`lakaspxmpaj mzpbdxapq+ Pbj

_zvxjlj Odzxp jrjxoasakn pbj vd~jxs asszj` pbj ~xap dc Ojxpadxmxa cdx

}zmsbakn pbj mopadk+

VxdbahapadkPbj ~xap dc Vxdbahapadk as asszj` hq pbj odzxp jrjxoasakn pbj vd~jx mk`mzpbdxapajs cxdl odkpakzakn pbj vxdojjàkns ms hmsaomiiq szob mzpbdxapq

bms kd vd~jx dx gzxasàopadk pd `joa`j pbj omsj+ Vxdbahapadk as mk jrpxm

dxàkmxq vxjxdnmpaj ~xap dc m vxjjkpaj kmpzxj+ Pbj zk`jxiqakn vxakoavijas pbmp vxjjkpadk as hjppjx pbmk ozxj+ Ak Jmsp Akàm Odlljxoami Od+

Ip` + Odiijopdx dc Ozspdls8

) m ~xap dc vxdbahapadk as mk dx`jx àxjopj`pd mk akcjxadx Pxahzkmi cdxha`àkn ap cxdl odkpakzakn ~apb m vxdojjàknpbjxjak dk pbj nxdzk` pbmp pbj vxdojjàkn as ~apbdzp dx ak jrojss dc

gzxasàopadk dx odkpxmxq pd pbj im~s dc pbj imk`) spmpzpdxq dx dpbjx~asj+

Lmk`mlzsLmk`mlzs as m gzàoami xjlj`q ~baob as ak pbj cdxl dc mk dx`jx cxdl m

szvjxadx odzxp pd mkq Ndjxkljkp mnjkoq) odzxp dx vzhiao mzpbdxapq pd `d

dx cdxhjmx cxdl `dakn mkq svjoacao mop ~baob pbmp hd`q as dhianj` pd `dzk`jx pbj im~+ Pbj ~xap dc lmk`mlzs as asszj` ~bjkjjx pbj vzhiao

mzpbdxapajs cmai pd vjxcdxl pbj spmpzpdxq `zpajs odkcaxlj` dk pbjl+ _zob

~xap as asszj` pd vjxcdxl pbj `zpajs ms vxda`j` hq pbj spmpj zk`jx pbj

spmpzpj dx cdxhjmx dx xjspxmak cxdl `dakn mkq svjoacao mop+ Pbj caxsp omsj

xjvdxpj` dk pbj ~xap dc lmk`mlzs ~ms pbj La`ìjpdkj omsj ak =:>?

~bjxjak m oapawjks cxmkobasj ~ms xjspdxj`+ Pbj ~xap dc lmk`mlzs omk hj

asszj` ac pbj vzhiao mzpbdxapq jspj` ~apb vd~jx mhzsjs pbj vd~jx dx mopslmim ca`j pd ap+ Ak Bmishzxqs Im~s dc Jknimk`) ap as ljkpadkj` pbmp)

Ms m njkjxmi xzij pbj dx`jx ~aii kdp hj nxmkpj` zkijss pbj vmxpqodlvimakj` dc bms ekd~k ~bmp ap ~ms xj}zaxj` pd `d) sd pbmp bj bm` pbj

ljmks dc odksa`jxakn ~bjpbjx dx kdp bj sbdzi` odlviq) mk` ap lzsp hj

sbd~k hq ja`jkoj pbmp pbjxj ~ms m àspakop `jlmk` dc pbmp ~baob pbj

vmxpq sjjeakn pbj lmk`mlzs `jsaxjs pd jkcdxoj mk` pbmp pbmp `jlmk` ~msljp hq m xjczsmi+

= MAX =1>6 _O =:68

MAX =136 Omi =


7/14


8/14


: Xdij dc ^XAP_ ak M`lakaspxmpaj Im~y M@LAKA_PXMPASJ IM^

Odkspapzpadkmi vxdasadks

Pbj lmejxs dc pbj Odkspapzpadk bmj m`dvpj` pbj Jkniasb xjljàjs ak pbj

Odkspapzpadk zk`jx Mxpaoijs ?8 mk` 883+ Pbjxj bms hjjk svjoacaomiiq lm`j

vxdasadks ak pbj Odkspapzpadk ~baob jlvd~jxs pbj _zvxjlj Odzxp mk` BanbOdzxps pd asszj ~xaps ak pbj kmpzxj dc Bmhjms Odxvzs) Lmk`mlzs) Vxdbahapadk)]zd ^mxxmkpd mk` Ojxpadxmxa+ Pbj czk`mljkpmi xanbps ~baob mxj akmiajkmhij

smoxdsmkop ak kmpzxj mk` obmxmopjx ~baob ~jxj odkojaj` ak kmpadkmi mk` vzhiao

akpjxjsp odzi` hj aiizsdxq ac pbjxj as kd odkspapzpadkmi lmobakjxq vxda`j` cdx aps

jkcdxojljkp+ Zkijss szob odkspapzpadkmi xjljàjs cdx aps jkcdxojljkp as kdp

vxda`j` pbj xanbps nzmxmkpjj` hq vmxp AAA dc pbj Odkspapzpadk omkkdp hj jjx

alvijljkpj` hq pbj oapawjks+ Mxpaoij ?8 odkpmakj` ak Vmxp AAA as apsjic mczk`mljkpmi xanbp najk pd pbj vjxsdk zk`jx pbj Odkspapzpadk+ _alaimxiq Mxpaoij

883 dc pbj Odkspapzpadk as odkcjxxj` dk pbj Banb Odzxps pd jrjxoasj apsvxjxdnmpaj ~xaps ~baob omk hj asszj` mnmaksp mkq vjxsdk dx hd`q dc vjxsdk

akoizàkn pbj ndjxkljkp+ Pbj àspakopadk hjp~jjk pbj p~d xjljàjs as jxq

kjnianahij+ Pbj xjlj`q zk`jx Mxpaoij ?8 as odkcakj` pd jkcdxojljkp dcczk`mljkpmi xanbps ~bjxjms Mxpaoij 883 as mmaimhij kdp dkiq mnmaksp pbj

jkcdxojljkp dc czk`mljkpmi xanbps hzp misd cdx mkq dpbjx vzxvdsj+ Pbzs pbj

odkspapzpadk vxda`js pbj àsoxjpadkmxq xjljàjs dk pbj Banb Odzxp mk` pbj

_zvxjlj Odzxp+ Ak pbj mhsjkoj dc pbj vxdasadks dc szob xjljàjs kd dkj omk

jkcdxoj aps xanbps najk+ Pbzs ~bjxjjx pbjxj as m xanbp pbjxj lzsp hj m xjlj`q

cdx ap+ Pbzs ap sbdzi` smpascq pbj lmral) zha gzs aha xjljàzl+

Dkj dc pbj vxakoavij lmejxs dc pbj odkspapzpadk) @x+ Mlhjèmx bms najk pbj

vxalj alvdxpmkoj pd Mxpaoij ?8 mldkn mii dpbjx mxpaoijs cxdl pbj AkàmkOdkspapzpadk+ Bj bms xjcjxxj` pbmp) Ap as pbj jxq sdzi dc pbj Odkspapzpadk mk` pbjjxq bjmxp dc ap+

Ak@jaimi + _PD )ap bms hjjk lmxej` pbmp) Pbjxj omk hj kd `dzhp pbmp pbj

Czk`mljkpmi Xanbps) nzmxmkpjj` pd pbj oapawjks mxj m sankacaomkp cjmpzxj dc dzx

Odkspapzpadk mk` pbj Banb Odzxps zk`jx Mxpaoij 883 mxj hdzk` pd vxdpjop pbjsj

Czk`mljkpmi Xanbps+

Gzspaoj _zhhmxmd ak pbj omsj dcHmsbjsb~mx Kmpb + Odllassadkjx) AkodljPmr

3) spmpj` pbmp)

M imxnj lmgdxapq dc vjdvij mxj sdoamiiq vddx j`zompadkmiiq hmoe~mx` mk`

vdiapaomiiq qjp kdp odksoadzs dc pbjax xanbps) omkkdp hj vappj` mnmaksp pbj spmpj dx

pbj akspapzpadk dx pbjq omkkdp hj vzp dk j}zmi spmpzs ~apb pbj spmpj dx imxnj

dxnmkasmpadks+ Pbj vjdvij mxj xj}zaxjs pd hj vxdpjopj` cxdl pbjlsjijs+ Ap as

3=1:1 MAX =01


9/14



pbjxjcdxj pbj `zpq dc pbj odzxp pd vxdpjop pbjax xanbps mk` akpjxjsps+ Czk`mljkpmixanbps mxj pbjxjcdxj pxmksojk`jkpmi ak kmpzxj mk` oxjmpj` mk` jkmopj` ak kmpadkmimk` vzhiao akpjxjsp mk` pbjxjcdxj pbjq omkkdp hj ~maj`+

Ak@mxqmd + _pmpj dc Z+V>+) ap ~ms bji` pbmp pbj xanbp pd dhpmak m ~xap lzspj}zmiiq hj m czk`mljkpmi xanbp ~bjk m vjpapadkjx vxjsjkps pbj omsj+ Pbzs) apomkkdp ljxjiq hj odksa`jxj` ms mk akàa`zmis xanbp pd ldj pbj _zvxjlj Odzxp

hzp ap as misd pbj `zpq mk` xjsvdksahaiapq dc pbj _zvxjlj Odzxp pd vxdpjop pbjczk`mljkpmi xanbps+

Xdij dc ~xaps ak m`lakaspxmpaj mopadks

Kd~ ms cmx ms pbj xdij dc pbj ~xaps as odkojxkj`) ijp zs nd hq aiizspxmpadk djx pbj

omsjs dk àsoxjpadk+ Odkcjxljkp dc àsoxjpadkmxq vd~jxs bms hjjk moojvpj` mskjojssmxq vbjkdljkm dc ld`jxk m`lakaspxmpaj mk` odkspapzpadkmi lmobakjxq+

Im~ lmeakn mnjkoq ijnasimpjs pbj im~ dk mkq szhgjop pd sjxj pbj vzhiao akpjxjsp

mk` ~baij lmeakn im~) ap bms hjodlj akàsvjksmhij pd vxda`j cdx àsoxjpadkmxq

vd~jxs pbmp mxj szhgjop pd gzàoami xjaj~+ Pbj xa`jx as pbmp pbj @dkkaj dc pbjàsoxjpadkmxq vd~jx bms pd jrjxoasj pbj àsoxjpadk ak ndd` cmapb mk` cdx pbj

vzxvdsj cdx ~baob ap as nxmkpj` mk` szhgjop pd ialapmpadks vxjsoxahj` zk`jx pbj

Mop+ Pbj Odzxps bmj xjpmakj` pbjax gzxasàopadk pd pjsp pbj _pmpzpj dk pbj nxdzk`

dc xjmsdkmhijkjss+ Ldspiq) pbj odzxps xjaj~ dk p~d odzkps5 caxspiq ~bjpbjx pbj

spmpzpj as szhspmkpajiq mia` vajoj dc ijnasimpadk mk`) sjodkìq ~bjpbjx pbj

spmpzpj vxda`js vxdoj`zxmi smcjnzmx`s+ Ac pbjsj p~d pjsps mxj kdp cdzk`) pbj im~as `joimxj` zipxm axjs mk` da` dc Mxpaoij =0 dc pbj Odkspapzpadk+

Hjsa`j pbas) Odzxps odkpxdi pbj àsoxjpadkmxq vd~jxs dc pbj jrjozpajndjxkljkp hjakn jrjxoasj` mcpjx pbj spmpzpjs bmj odlj pd jrasp+ Dkoj pbjq

odlj akpd jraspjkoj) ap hjodljs pbj `zpq dc pbj Jrjozpaj Ndjxkljkp pd

xjnzimpj pbj vd~jxs ~apbak ialapmpadks vxjsoxahj` pd mobajj pbj dhgjop dc pbj

_pmpzpj+ Pbj àsoxjpadkmxq vd~jxs jkpxzspj` pd pbj àccjxjkp jrjozpajs dc pbj

Ndjxkljkp vimq szhspmkpami xdij ak m`lakaspxmpaj `joasadk lmeakn mk`

alljàmpjiq pbj sjppij` vxakoavijs dc m`lakaspxmpaj im~ pxmv pbj jrjxoasj dcvd~jxs+ Ac pbjsj àsoxjpadkmxq vd~jxs mxj kdp vxdvjxiq jrjxoasj`) dx pbjxj as

mhzsj mk` laszsj dc vd~jxs hq pbj jrjozpajs dx pbjq pmej akpd moodzkp

axxjijmkp odksa`jxmpadk cdx pbmp pbjq mxj kdp jkpapij` pd pmej dx salviq lasàxjop

pbjl ak mvviqakn pbj vxdvjx vxdasadk dc im~) pbj àsoxjpadkmxq jrjxoasj dc

vd~jxs as da`+ Gzàoami xjaj~ as jroiz`j` ~bjk ap as cdzk` pbmp jrjozpajs

lmakpmak pbj spmk`mx` dc xjmsdkmhijkjss ak pbjax `joasadks+ Jxxdxs mxj dcpjk oxjvp

ak japbjx hjomzsj pbjq ~dzi` lmakpmak vzxj m`lakaspxmpaj svaxap ms dvvdsj` pd

gzàoami cimdzx dx pbmp pbjq akcizjkoj pbjax `joasadks hq sdlj axxjijmkp

>=13= MAX =0:>


10/14


> Xdij dc ^XAP_ ak M`lakaspxmpaj Im~y M@LAKA_PXMPASJ IM^

odksa`jxmpadks dx pbmp sdljpaljs) pbj mzpbdxapajs lmq pbjlsjijs lasàxjop akim~ dx pbmp pbjq lmq kdp mvviq pbjax lak` pd pbj cmops mk` oaxozlspmkojs dc pbj

omsjs+ Hjsa`js) pbas msvjop) pbjq lmq mop ak `jxdnmpadk dc czk`mljkpmi vxakoavijs

dc kmpzxmi gzspaoj hq kdp odkcdxlakn pd pbj spmk`mx` dx xjmsdks mk` gzspaoj dx

pbdsj pbjq `d kdp gzsp pxziq mvvxjoampj pbj jraspjkoj dx kdk jraspjkoj dcoaxozlspmkojs pbmp lmq jkpapij pbjl pd jrjxoasj pbj àsoxjpadk+

Pbj Jrjozpaj bmj pd xjmob pbjax `joasadks hq pmeakn akpd moodzkp xjijmkp

odksa`jxmpadks+ Pbjq sbdzi` kdp xjczsj pd odksa`jx xjijmkp lmppjx kdx sbdzi`

pbjq pmej akpd moodzkp odksa`jxmpadks pbmp mxj ~bdiiq axxjijmkp dx jrpxmkjdzs+

Pbjq sbdzi` kdp lasàxjop pbjlsjijs dk m vdakp dc im~+ Dkiq szob m `joasadk~aii hj im~czi+ Pbj odzxps bmj vd~jx pd sjj pbmp pbj Jrjozpaj mops im~cziiq+

Pbjq omkkdp mda` soxzpakq hq odzxps hq cmaiakn pd naj xjmsdks+ Ac pbjq naj

xjmsdks mk` pbjq mxj kdp ndd` xjmsdks) pbj odzxp omk àxjop pbjl pd xjodksa`jxpbj lmppjx ak pbj ianbp dc xjijmkp lmppjxs pbdznb pbj vxdvxajpq m`j}zmoq dx

smpascmopdxq obmxmopjx dc pbjsj xjmsdks lmq kdp hj dvjk pd gzàoami soxzpakq+Jjk ac pbj Jrjozpaj odksa`jxs ap akjrvjàjkp pd jrjxoasj pbjax vd~jxs pbjq

sbdzi` spmpj pbjax xjmsdks mk` pbjxj lzsp hj lmpjxami pd sbd~ pbmp pbjq bmjodksa`jxj` mii pbj xjijmkp cmops+

Pbj xdij dc ~xaps as misd sjksahiq ima` `d~k ak m cmldzs Vm`caji`s omsj7

Ak Jknimk` ak jmxiajx `mqs pbj Odzxps zszmiiq xjczsj` pd akpjxcjxj ~bjxj pbj

Ndjxkljkp dx pbj odkojxkj` dccaojx vmssj` ~bmp ~ms omiij` m kdk,svjmeakn

dx`jx) pbmp as) mk dx`jx ~baob dk pbj cmoj dc ap à` kdp svjoacq pbj xjmsdks cdx pbj

dx`jxs+ ^bjxj m svjmeakn dx`jx ~ms vmssj` pbj Odzxps vxdojj`j` pd odksa`jx~bjpbjx pbj xjmsdks najk cdx pbj dx`jx dx `joasadk ~jxj xjijmkp xjmsdks+

^bjxj pbjxj ~ms m kdk,svjmeakn dx`jx pbjq zsj` pd smq pbmp ap ~ms iaej pbj cmoj

dc pbj _vbakr ak pbj sjksj pbmp ap ~ms akozxmhij mk` pbjxjcdxj bdi` pbmp pbjq

odzi` kdp odksa`jx pbj }zjspadk dc pbj miaàpq dc pbj dx`jx+ Jjk ak Jknimk` pbj

Odzxps bmj pxmjiij` jxq cmx sakoj pbdsj `mqs+ Pbjq kd idknjx cak` pbj cmoj dcpbj _vbakr aksoxzpmhij+

Mvviaompadk dc ^xaps ak M`lakaspxmpaj Im~

Mvviaompadk dc pbj ^xap dc OjxpadxmxaPbj ~xap dc Ojxpadxmxa as hmsaomiiq asszj` mnmaksp pbj spmpzpdxq hdàjs

jrjxoasakn gzàoami dx }zmsa gzàoami vd~jxs+ _zob ~xap as asszj` mnmaksppbj mzpbdxapajs kmljiq pbj ndjxkljkp mk` pbj odzxps dx dpbjx spmpzpdxq

hdàjs ~bd bmj vd~jx pd `jpjxlakj mk` `joa`j pbj ias hjp~jjk pbj

vmxpajs+ Ak `joaàkn szob asszjs ac pbj `joasadk lmeakn dx`jx as vmssj`

~apbdzp mkq mzpbdxapq dx bms vmssj` pbj dx`jx ak jrjxoasj dc szob mzpbdxapqdx bms odllappj` mk jxxdx dc im~ mk` cmops pbj banb odzxp as jlvd~jxj` pd


11/14



odxxjop szob jxxdx dc pbj id~jx odzxp dx ndjxkljkp mzpbdxapajs+ Ojxpadxmxalmq mvviq ~bjk pbj m`lakaspxmpaj dx jrjozpaj mzpbdxapq cmais pd dhsjxj

pbjax `zpq pd mop cmaxiq ~apb xjsvjop pd pbj m`lakaspxmpaj czkopadks+ Pbj

~xap dc Ojxpadxmxa lmq misd hj asszj` mnmaksp m szhdxàkmpj pxahzkmi jjk ac

pbj `joasadk alvznkj` as vxdkdzkoj`+ M ijmàkn omsj dc Xqdps dcNmxmhmk`bd + Wmlak`mx dc Vmximealjà

2) ~ms pbj caxsp `joasadk dk pbj

~xap dc Ojxpadxmxa+

Mvviaompadk dc pbj ^xap dc Lmk`mlzsPbj ~xap dc lmk`mlzs as dx`jxj` ~bjk pbj spmpzpdxq mzpbdxapajs ~bd

jkpxzspj` ~apb pbj `zpajs cmai pd àsobmxnj aps dhianmpdxq `zpq+ Ap lmq hj

mvviaj` ~bjk pbj ndjxkljkp mzpbdxapajs jspj` ~apb mhsdizpj vd~jxs cmai

pd vjxcdxl pbjax m`lakaspxmpaj mk` spmpzpdxq `zpajs+ AkXmpiml LzkaoavmiOdzkoai + Smxàobmk`

1) dk moodzkp dc pbj vzhiao kzasmkoj oxjmpj` ak pbj

mxjm hq pbj odxvdxmpadk ak kdp lmakpmakakn pbj `xmakmnj sqspjl mk` pbj

àxpq ~mpjx spakeakn bm` oidnnj` mxdzk` ~baob dhadzsiq oxjmpj`

kzasmkoj mp pbj bmk`s dc lzkaoavmiapq cdx kdp àsobmxnakn pbj `zpajs zk`jx

pbj mop+ Ms m xjszip pbj xjsa`jkps dc Xmpiml lzkaoavmiapq ldj` pbj _zh,

àasadkmi lmnaspxmpj zk`jx sjopadk =?? dc Od`j dc Oxalakmi Vxdoj`zxj)

=1>? cdx mhmpjljkp dc kzasmkoj mk` pbj odzxp asszj` pbj àxjopadks pbmp)Gzàoami àsoxjpadk ~bjk cmops cdx aps jrjxoasj mxj vxjsjkp bms m

lmk`mpdxq alvdxp+ Pbjxjcdxj ~bjk pbj _zh,@aasadkmi Lmnaspxmpj)Xmpiml) bms hjcdxj bal akcdxlmpadk mk` ja`jkoj ~baob àsoidsj pbj

vxjsjkoj dc vzhiao kzasmkoj) odksa`jxs ap im~czi pd xjldj szob

dhspxzopadk+ Pbas as m vzhiao `zpq alviaoap ak pbj vzhiao vd~jx pd hjjrjxoasj` dk hjbmic dc pbj vzhiao mk` as vzxszmkp pd vzhiao vxdojjàkn+

Idx` @jkkakn dhsjxj 7

Ak lq dvakadk jjxq njkzakj odlvimakp ~baob as ~dxpbq dc akjspanmpadk hq pbj

odllappjj dc akjspanmpadk sbdzi` hj xjcjxxj` pd pbmp odllappjj+ Pbj Lakaspjx as

kdp mp iahjxpq pd xjczsj ap dk nxdzk`s ~baob mxj mxhapxmxq dx omvxaoadzs+ Kdphjomzsj bj bms m vjxsdkmi mkpavmpbq pd pbj odlviamkp dx `djs kdp iaej bas

vdiapaomi aj~s+ Kdx dk mkq dpbjx axxjijmkp nxdzk`+++ Ap as sma` pbmp pbj `joasadk

dc pbj Lakaspjx as m`lakaspxmpaj mk` kdp gzàoami+ Hzp pbmp `djs kdp ljmk pbmp bj

omk `d ms bj iaejs) xjnmxìjss dc xanbp dx ~xdkn+ Kdx `djs ap ljmk pbmp pbj Odzxps

mxj vd~jxijss pd odxxjop bal+ Ndd` m`lakaspxmpadk xj}zaxjs pbmp odlvimakpssbdzi` hj akjspanmpj` mk` pbmp nxajmkoj sbdzi` hj xjljàj`+ ^bjk vmxiamljkp

bms sjp zv lmobakjxq cdx pbmp jxq vzxvdsj) ap as kdp cdx pbj Lakaspjx pd hxzsb ap

2 "=10:! 0> HDLIX :8:1

MAX =126 _O =388


12/14


13/14


=6 Xdij dc ^XAP_ ak M`lakaspxmpaj Im~y M@LAKA_PXMPASJ IM^

_aknb==

ap ~ms spmpj` pbmp) pbj ~xap dc Bmhjms Odxvzs as ak pbj kmpzxj dc mkdx`jx cdx omiiakn zvdk pbj vjxsdk ~bd bms `jpmakj` dx mxxjspj` mkdpbjx

vjxsdk pd vxd`zoj pbj imppjx hjcdxj pbj odzxp) ak dx`jx pd ijp odzxp ekd~ dk

~bmp nxdzk` bj bms hjjk odkcakj` mk` pd sjp bal cxjj ac pbjxj as kd ijnmi

gzspacaompadk cdx pbj alvxasdkljkp+ Dkj dc pbj pjiiakn ~mqs ak ~baob pbjadimpadk dc pbmp xanbp omk xjmsdkmhiq hj vxjjkpj` mk` `zj odlviamkoj

~apb pbj lmk`mpj dc mxpaoij 8= sjozxj`) as pd lziop aps adimpdxs ak pbjvmqljkp dc ldkjpmxq odlvjksmpadk+

OdkoizsadkPbj vxjxdnmpaj vd~jxs dc ~xap gzxasàopadk odkcjxxj` hq pbj odkspapzpadk cdx

gzàoami xjaj~ dc m`lakaspxmpaj mopadk as zk`dzhpj iq àsoxjpadkmxq mk` qjpzkhdzk`j` ak aps ialaps+ Pbj àsoxjpadk bd~jjx sbdzi` hj jrjxoasj` dk sdzk`

ijnmi vxakoavijs+ Ak pbas xjsvjop ap as alvdxpmkp pd jlvbmsasj pbmp pbj mhsjkoj dcmxhapxmxq vd~jx as pbj caxsp jssjkpami dc pbj xzij dc im~ zvdk ~baob pbj ~bdij

odkspapzpadk sqspjl as hmsj`+ Ak m sqspjl ndjxkj` hq xzij dc im~ ~bjk

àsoxjpadk as odkcjxxj` zvdk pbj jrjozpaj mzpbdxapajs ap lzsp hj hmsj` dk oijmxiq`jcaj` ialaps+ Pbzs pbj xzij dc im~ cxdl pbas vdakp dc aj~ ljmks pbmp pbj

àsoxjpadk dx pbj `joasadk lzsp hj hmsj` dk sdlj vxakoavijs mk` xzijs+ Ak njkjxmi

pbj `joasadk sbdzi` hj vxjàopmhij mk` oapawjks sbdzi` ekd~ ~bjxj bj as+ Ac m

`joasadk as pmejk kdp dk pbj hmsas dc mkq vxakoavij dx xzijs pbjk szob `joasadk asmxhapxmxq mk` as pmejk kdp ak moodx`mkoj ~apb pbj xzij dc im~+

Pbj im~ bms xjmobj` aps cakjsp ldljkps spmpj` @znims) O+G+ ak Zkapj` _pmpjs +

^zk`jxiaob=8

~bjk ap bms cxjj` lmk cxdl pbj sbmoeijs dc zkialapj` àsoxjpadk+

Pbj lmk bms szccjxj` dk moodzkp dc mhsdizpj àsoxjpadk+ Pbj `joasadk sbdzi` hjnza`j` hq xzij dc im~ mk` ap sbdzi` kdp hj hmsj` dk ~bals) cmkoq mk` bzldzx+

Pbj Odkspapzpadk as pbj im~ dc pbj im~s mk` kdhd`q as szvxjlj+ Jjk pbj gz`njs

dc _zvxjlj Odzxp mxj kdp mhdj im~ mk` pbjq mxj hdzk` hq pbj `joasadks ~baobmxj pbj im~ dc pbj imk` `joimxj` hq pbjl zk`jx pbj ~xap vjpapadks+ Pbzs) pbj

odkspapzpadkmi xjljàjs vxda`j` zk`jx pbj odkspapzpadk dvjxmpj ms m objoe mk`

ejjvs pbj m`lakaspxmpadk dc ndjxkljkp ~apbak pbj hdzk`s dc im~+

== =1:1 MAX =?6?=8

?08 Z+_+ 12 "=1:=!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Reportshttp://supreme.justia.com/us/342/98/case.htmlhttp://supreme.justia.com/us/342/98/case.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Reports


14/14


== Xdij dc ^XAP_ ak M`lakaspxmpaj Im~y M@LAKA_PXMPASJ IM^

Hahiadnxmvbq

Hddes xjcjxxj`7

Ijopzxjs dk M`lakaspxmpaj Im~) O+E+ Pme~mkaM`lakaspxmpaj Im~) _+V+ _mpbjM`lakaspxmpaj Im~) @x+ G+G+X+ Zvm`bqmq

^jhsapjs xjcjxxj`7

~~~+ijnmisjxaojak`am+odl ~~~+nzqmkmim~+kjp ~~~+ak`amkemkddk+dxn ~~~+ijnmiszpxm+dxn
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Role of WRITS in administrative law

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