Role of Sciences_Chemistry and development

8/7/2019 Role of Sciences_Chemistry and development

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Dr. Y. Patil,

Department of Chemistry,

Institute of Information Technology,

Pune - 411001



Chemistry Around youy Plastic

y Fiber

y Glassy Cement

y Paints and pigments

y Medicines

y Sugar

y Alcohol

y Turpentine

3/18/2011 Y. Patil, Chemistry I.O.I.T. Pune - 411001



Alchemists and Pharmaceutical

Chemistryy Since 13th century Chemistry was studied and was

developing under the name of Philosopher stone and

Devine Solutiony Different workers were attempting variety of

experiments including separation of metals, extractionof metals, that involved heating, boiling, condensation

like unit processes.y Phosphorus was prepared first in 1750 by Henning

Brand while attempting gold from human urine




Contribution by different Scientists

in 18th Centuryy Cavendish ---> Earths Mass

y Lavoisier ---> The Nomenclature system, various

equipments for unit operationsy Count Rumford ---> Heat and Specific Heat of the

sunstances

y Humfre Davie ---> Laughing Gas N2O, K, Na, Mg, Ca,Ba, HCl (H + Cl)

y Volta ---> Cell / Battery

y Kekule ---> Benzene Ring

y Micale Faradye ---> Electric Motor, Electric Generator




AL (Arabic) Chemia (Greek)y The chemistry initiated functioning 1700 BC when the

metals like gold, iron, copper were discovered by the

humanoidy Democritus put forward the concept of ATOM in 430

300 BC

y Aristotle and the group classified material as FIRE,

AIR, WATER, and LAND, with reference to propertiesas HOT, COLD, WET, and DRY.




y Starting in the United Kingdom in the 18th century, theIndustrial Revolution was a period of great technologicaldiscovery, particularly in the areas of agriculture,manufacturing, mining, metallurgy and transport, drivenby the discovery of steam power. Technology later tookanother step with the harnessing of electricity to createsuch innovations as the electric motor, light bulb and

countless others. Scientific advancement and the discovery of new concepts later allowed for powered flight poweredflight, and advancements in medicine, chemistry, physicsand engineering. The rise in technology has led to the

construction of skyscrapers and large cities whoseinhabitants rely on automobiles or other powered transitfor transportation. Communication was also improved withthe invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio and

television.3/18/2011 Y. Patil, Chemistry I.O.I.T. Pune - 411001



y The second half of the 20th century brought a host of newinnovations. In physics, the discovery of nuclear fission hasled to both nuclear weapons and nuclear energy.Computers were also invented and later miniaturizedutilizing transistors and integrated circuits. These

advancements subsequently led to the creation of theInternet. Humans have also been able to explore space withsatellites (later used for telecommunication) and inmanned missions going all the way to the moon. In

medicine, this era brought innovations such as open-heartsurgery and later stem cell therapy along with newmedications and treatments.




y Complex manufacturing and construction techniques and

organizations are needed to construct and maintain thesenew technologies, and entire industries have arisen tosupport and develop succeeding generations of increasingly more complex tools. Modern technology increasingly relies on training and education their

designers, builders, maintainers, and users often requiresophisticated general and specific training. Moreover,these technologies have become so complex that entirefields have been created to support them, includingengineering, medicine, and computer science, and otherfields have been made more complex, such asconstruction, transportation and architecture.




Scientist and

Their

contributions3/18/2011 Y. Patil, Chemistry I.O.I.T. Pune - 411001



Aristotle and Classificationy 300 B.C. Aristotle classified matter as Fire, Air, Water

and Soil

y

Properties of the matter as hot, cold, dry, wety First alloy Bronze (Copper and Tin)

y Triggered the search for Philosophers stone and divinesolution

y Heneig Brand Phosphorus from urine

y Karl Shil (from Sweden) manufactured ammonia freephosphorus in 1750. (Sweden is major producer of match box)

y Cl, F, Mn, Ba, Mo, N2, O2 by Shil. Ammonia as well as Glycerin.

y Taste to analyze,- DEATH




Boyle, Blake, Priestleyy Boyle: Enlisted the elements

y P 1/V (for gas)

y Founder of invisible College, later named as RoyalSociety of Science

y 1740 1780 Rapid Industrialization in Europe (France)and America. Initiated study of Thermodynamics.

y 1709: Fahrenheit Alcohol Thermometer andy 1714: Mercury Thermometer

y 1742: Andrews Celsius new measurement technique




Josef Blakey Air is the mixture of different gases including CO2

y CO2 is non-supportive to burning

y Specific heat of substancesy Thomas Newcomens atmospheric Engine Steam

Engine

y Helped James Watt to develop industrial Steam Engine

y Founded the Analytical branch of Chemistry




Josef Priestley (1733-1804)y Identified and discovered (oxygen) phlogiston

y Inverse square law of electricity

y Named Heave brasilinese as RUBBER y Soda Water

y Laughing gas (nitrous oxide), Ammonia, SulfurDioxide, Hydrochloric acid.

y Humphrey Davie promoted nitrous oxide foranesthesia during dental treatment.




Henry Cavendish (1731-1810)y Hydrogen

y Hydrogen Balloon for transportation

y Hydrogen Balloon for study of air/ atmospherey Water from Hydrogen (phlogiston) and Oxygen

(dephlogisticated air) WATER as Compound

y Studied Nitric acid, CO2, H2, H2O further.

y Mass of earth




Antoine Laurent Lavoisiery Gypsum

y Food fouling

y Water contamination

y

How color/paints worky Oxidation of metals (corrosion)

y Nomenclature of elements. E.g. phlogisticated air oxygen

i.e. acid generator, Inflammable air hydrogen i.e. watergenerator, vitriol Sulfuric acid

y Defined element and compoundy Carbon to Carbon dioxide by breathing (energy)

y Various equipments for experimentation in chemistry




Levoyje, John Paul Marat and

guillotiney Service at General Farm a firm to collect tax on behalf

of the governor

yMarat submitted research paper on combustion

y Lavoyge discarded the paper and insulted John PaulMarat

y In 1794 on May 08th Marat, the big shot from French

government took revengey Freedom Fighting dont require scientists




Humphrey Daviey Popularized Science

y Leather tanning, Chemical Fertilizers

y Electrochemistry by using battery prepared by Voltay Laughing Gas as anesthesia




Michael Faradayy Electrolysis of water H2 & O2

y Electrode

y Anodey Cathode

y Electrolyte

y Ion

y Electromagnetism

y Dynamo

y Electric Motor




Nils Bohry Structure of Atom and

y Mechanisms for Chemical Reaction

y Shell of atomy Electronic configuration

y Mendeleev and periodic table

y Prediction of elements

y Properties of elements




Linus Paulingy Alpha Helix Structure of Protein

y DNA Molecule Watson Crick

y X-Ray diffraction image of DNA Rosalind Frankliny Teaching : Physics (Quantum Mechanics), Chemistry

(Theoretical Chemistry), Biology (Molecular Biology),Mathematics

y Vitamin C




Discretiony 2010 International Geography Year

y 2011 International Chemistry Year

y Galileo and the telescope. In 1610 he observed sky to reveal that Jupiter also has got the moons

y Copernicus unable to define wind tendency andturbulence creation by revolution of the Earth

y Salvation Pass




Mail: [email protected]

Mobile: 9421051726

(Office): 020-26052163 #011


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