ROCKS & LANDFORMS REVIEW

Lab 1: Types of Rock1. List and describe the 3 groups of rocks.Igneous- Forms from cooled magma or lavaSedimentary- made of sediments that compacted over timeMetamorphic- Forms due to heat & pressure

2. List and describe 5 processes of the rock cycle.Cooling of magma or lava forms igneous rockWeathering of a rock forms sedimentsLithification of sediments forms sedimentary rockHeat & pressure on a rock creates metamorphic rockMelting of a rock forms magma

3. Lava is molten rock on the earth’s surface and magma is molten material inside the earth.

4. An intrusive rock forms inside the earth and an extrusive rock forms on the surface.

5. All rocks are made up of minerals. **So it can be said that a mineral is like the ingredient to a mixture (the rock)

melting(A)

(B)(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

(G)

(H)

(I)

(J)

(K)

(L)

(M)

(N)

melting(A)

(B)(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

(G)

(H)

(I)

(J)

(K)

(L)

(M)

(N)

melting

coolingmelting

Heat & pressure

Heat & pressure

melting

Weathering & erosion

Weathering & erosion

Weathering & erosion

sediments

Sedimentary rock

igneous rock

metamorphic rock

lithification

Lab 2: Maps6. A geologic map shows the ages and types of rocks

at the surface.

7. A topographic map shows elevation and shape of physical land features.

8. Define: Contour line – connects points of the same elevation

Contour interval – distance between each contour lineElevation – height of land above sea level

Lab 3&4: Weathering

9. Explain chemical weathering.Changes the chemical structure of the rockWater can: Dissolve minerals Cause rust to form

10. List and explain 3 types of physical weathering.Ice wedging: water seeps into cracks-freezes-expands-

thawsPlant roots: grows in cracks-breaks rock apartRock Abrasion: rocks rub or collide due to wind or

moving water

Lab 5&6: Erosional & depositional Landforms

11. Where would you expect a delta to form?

At the mouth of a river (meeting of a river and an ocean)

12. What structure keeps sand from filling in a shipping channel?

Jetty

Lab 7: Glaciers13. What is a Glacier? A large mass of ice that moves because of its weight and

gravity.

14. Define:- Terminus: the front edge of the glacier.- Moraine: mound of sediment deposited at the front of a

glacier.- Valley Glacier: forms on top of a mountain and flows into

valleys like “rivers of ice”

15. Describe why a glacier would advance.Glaciers advance if there is more snowfall and less melting

16. Describe why a glacier would retreat.Glaciers retreat if there is less snowfall and more melting.

Earth Systems- Geosphere: the solid earth and all its layers

- Hydrosphere: all the planets water

- Atmosphere: the gases that surround the planet

- Biosphere: living organisms

- Antrosphere: man made structure