REQUIRED ROCKS & FAMOUS ROCK FORMATIONS. IGNEOUS ROCKS Formed when magma or lava cools &...
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Transcript of REQUIRED ROCKS & FAMOUS ROCK FORMATIONS. IGNEOUS ROCKS Formed when magma or lava cools &...
![Page 1: REQUIRED ROCKS & FAMOUS ROCK FORMATIONS. IGNEOUS ROCKS Formed when magma or lava cools & crystallizes INTRUSIVE (Plutonic): magma cools underground.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649dd35503460f94aca26d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
REQUIRED ROCKS & FAMOUS ROCK FORMATIONS
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IGNEOUS ROCKS
Formed when magma or lava cools & crystallizes
INTRUSIVE (Plutonic): magma cools underground slowly large,visible crystals
GRANITE Feldspar, quartz, mica & hornblende
PEGMATITE Quartz, feldspar, mica & muscovite
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Intrusive Igneous Rocks
GRANITE PEGMATITE
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Yosemite – El Capitan
3,600 feet granite exposed by glaciers
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Yosemite – Half Dome
8,900 feet of granite Other ½ carved away? 93% grade
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Joshua Tree– skull rock
granite
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Joshua Tree– granite marbles
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Shasta– Castle Crags
Granite from remnant of plug dome volcano.
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Intrusive Igneous Rock
magma can penetrate rock Horizontally SILLS Vertically DIKE
INTRUSION ROCKS are rocks that have been “disturbed” magma
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Devil’s Tower, WY
Igneous intrusive rock in sedimentary rock
Thought to be a volcanic neck or plug, exposed by erosion
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Devil’s Pipes– CA
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Los Arcos, Cabo San Lucas
intrusive igneous rock worn away by waves
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IGNEOUS ROCKS
EXTRUSIVE (Volcanic): lava cools above ground rapidly no visible crystals
OBSIDIAN Silicon & oxygen
BASALT Feldspar,pyroxene, & olivine
PUMICE Silica & feldspar
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Extrusive Igneous Rocks
OBSIDIAN PUMICEBASALT
“glassy”
black & forms
bedrock
gas trapped as it cools
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Columbia River Flood Basalts, OR
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Shiprock, New Mexico
Basalt volcanic neck erosion
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Rock form from sediments or organic material
CLASTIC: formed of large or small sediments cemented together
CONGLOMERATE - particles cemented SANDSTONE- quartz, feldspar, & calcite SHALE - feldspar, quartz, mica LIMESTONE- calcite (coral, shells) DIATOMACEOUS EARTH – calcite (diatoms)
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Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
CONGLOMERATE SHALESANDSTONE
2 mm or larger
mudless than 1/256
mm
sand1/16 – 2
mm
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Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
LIMESTONE DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
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Arches, Utah
Sandstone built above salt beds combined with wind erosion arches
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Beehive, Utah
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Chimney Rock, Colorado
Sandstone worn by erosion
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“Finger to God”, Africa
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Mono Lake Tufa
river carries calcium into lake which reacts with carbonates in lake limestone
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“Diatomaceous Earth”, Hat Creek
“chalk like“rock that crumbles into powder.
fossilized diatoms (algae)
used in tooth fillings, pool filters, cat litter
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
NON-CLASTIC: made from minerals or living things “ORGANIC”
CAVE DEPOSITS “dripping” limestone
PETRIFIED WOOD Fossilized wood – manganese, iron & copper
COPROLITE Fossilized animal dung – calcium, phosphorous
& quartz
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Non-Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
PETRIFIED WOOD
COPROLITECAVE DEPOSITS
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Shasta Caverns
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METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Rocks changed by heat or pressure
MARBLE - changed from limestone SLATE - changed from shale MICA SCHIST - changed from pegmatite QUARTZITE - changed from sandstone GNIESS- changed from granite
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Metamorphic Rocks
MARBLE MICA SCHISTSLATE
QUARTZITE
GNEISS
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Sierra Nevada Mtns
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Marble Canyon, Death Valley