NERVOUS SYSTEMRobert Gallagher

Olivia EngleMs. Fisher/Period 4

Structure of a Neuron

Neuroglial Cells

Synapse & Neurotransmitters

Sensory Neurons

Interneurons

Motor Neurons

Somatic or Autonomic

General Functions

Sensory

Integrative

Motor

Central Nervous System

Ascending Tracts

Descending Tracts

Spinal Cord

Meninges

Functions of the Spinal Cord

Conducting Nerve Impulses Serving as a Center for spinal reflexes

Peripheral Nervous System

Integrative

How it works with other body systems.

The Brain

Major Structures of the Brain

Cerebrum Diencephalon Brainstem Cerebellum

Cerebrum [structure]

2 Hemispheres with corpus callosum 5 nerve centers (Frontal, temporal, parietal,

occipital, insula)

Cerebral cortex

Cerebrum [function]

Interpret sensory impulses, initiate voluntary muscle movements, stores memory

Function depends on region; 3 Regions: Motor Sensory Association

Motor Areas

Motor Speech Area- mouth, tongue, layrnx = speech

Frontal Eye Field- eyes and eyelids (voluntary)

Impulse

Down brainstem

Through spinal cord

Synapse

Muscle fibers

Sensory & Association Areas

Sensory

Interpret impulses from sensory receptors

Parietal lobesOccipital lobesTemporal lobes

Diencephalon Thalamus- central relay station

Hypothalamus- regulates homeostasis

Limbic System- controls emotional experience and expression

Brainstem Midbrain- connects brainstem and spinal cord, reflex

centers

Pons- separate midbrain and medulla, relay impulses

Medulla Oblongata- everything passes through it

Reticular Formation- activates cerebral cortex

Choroid Plexuses- secrete cerebrospinal fluid

Brainstem

Cerebellum Superior Peduncles Inferior Peduncles Middle Peduncles

Autonomic Nervous System

Functions independently Regulates viscera

Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

Energy expending, stressful, or emergency

Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic

Somatic Senses Touch & Pressure Temperature Pain

Touch and Pressure

Free-Nerve Endings- epithelial tissue

Meissner’s Corpuscles- connective tissue (no hair)

Pacinian Corpuscles- connective tissue (subcutaneous)

Temperature

Warm •70°-113°F•More=Pain

Cold •50°-68°F•Less=Pain

*Adapt Rapidly

Pain Receptors Protect Adapt Poorly Decreased blood flow accompanied by

lower oxygen concentration Viscera

Pain Fibers

Acute•Thin, myelinated•Rapid, sharp pain•Skin

Chronic•Thin, unmyelinated•Slow, Dull ache•Deeper•Can cause prolonged suffrage

Can cause prolonged suffrageRegulation of pain impulse

Smell and Taste Both have their own neuron

process Flavor- a combination of

what you taste and smell

Diseases Multiple Sclerosis- damages the myelin

sheath on an axon

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)- Neurodegenerative Disease that effects the neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

Works CitedCh.10 Somatic & Special Senses. Digital image. AnatomyESHS -. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2015.

"CH 13 Basic Reflex Terminology." CH 13 Basic Reflex Terminology. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2015.

Eharnett. "The Whole Package: The Relationship between Taste and Smell." Web log post. The Whole Package: The Relationship between Taste and Smell. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2015.

Motor Neuron. Vector Diagram. Digital image. Dreamstime. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2015.

Nervous System Intro. Digital image. Nervous System Intro. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2015.

Wann Hilft Das Homöopathische Mittel Natrium Muriaticum Bei MS? Digital image. Wann Hilft Das Homöopathische Mittel Natrium Muriaticum Bei MS? N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2015.

"What Is ALS?" - The ALS Association. The ALS Association, n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.