RNA Translation
description
Transcript of RNA Translation
RNA Translation
RNA Processing
• End product is a mature RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
• Introns bad…… Exons good!
DNA
RNA
Protein
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION
Introns are pulled out and exons come together.
RNA Processing
pre-RNA molecule
intron intronexon exon exon
exon exon exon
Mature RNA molecule
exon exon exon
intron intron
splicesome splicesome
• Processing must occur before mRNA can be used to produce a correct protein through translation.
• the spliceosome catalyzes the reaction
RNA Post-Transcriptional
A. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
methionine glycine serine isoleucine glycine alanine stopcodon
protein
A U G G G C U C C A U C G G C G C A U A AmRNA
startcodon
Primary structure of a protein
aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6
peptide bonds
codon 2 codon 3 codon 4 codon 5 codon 6 codon 7codon 1
RNA Translation
U C A G
U
C
A
G
GACU
GACU
GACU
GACU
UUUUUCUUAUUG
CUUCUCCUACUG
AUUAUCAUAAUG
GUUGUCGUAGUG
phe
leu
leu
ile
met (start)
val
UCUUCCUCAUCG
CCUCCCCCACCG
ACUACCACAACG
GCUGCCGCAGCG
ser
pro
thr
ala
UAUUACUAAUAG
CAUCACCAACAG
AAUAAC
AAGAAA
GAUGACGAAGAG
tyr
stopstop
his
gln
asn
lys
asp
glu
UGUUGCUGAUGG
CGUCGCCGACGG
AGUAGCAGAAGG
GGUGGCGGAGGG
cys
stoptrp
arg
ser
arg
gly
First Base T
hird Base
Second Base
Virtually all organisms share the same genetic code “unity of life”
mRNA
• Carries instructions from DNA to the rest of the ribosome.
• Tells the ribosome what kind of protein to make
• Acts like an email from the principal to the cafeteria staff.
RNA Translation
rRNA
• Part of the structure of a ribosome• Helps in protein production
tRNA
A go-getter. Gets the right parts to make the right protein according to mRNA instructions
RNA Translation
B. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
amino acidattachment site
U A C
anticodon
methionine amino acid
RNA Translation
Table 14.2Types of RNA
Type of RNA Functions in Function
Messenger RNA(mRNA)
Nucleus, migratesto ribosomesin cytoplasm
Carries DNA sequenceinformation to ribosomes
Transfer RNA(tRNA)
Cytoplasm Provides linkage between mRNAand amino acids;transfers aminoacids to ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA(rRNA)
Cytoplasm Structural component of ribosomes
Figure 10.14
1 Codon recognition
Amino acid
Anticodon
AsiteP site
Polypeptide
2 Peptide bond formation
3 Translocation
Newpeptidebond
mRNAmovement
mRNA
Stopcodon
An example of translation:
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/firefly/
Transcription / translationhttp://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/
Ribosomes
PSite
ASite
Largesubunit
Small subunit
mRNAA U G C U A C U U C G
Translation - making proteins
Nuclearmembrane
Transcription
RNA Processing
Translation
DNA
Pre-mRNA
mRNA
Ribosome
Protein
Eukaryotic Cell
Translation
• Three parts:1. initiation: start codon (AUG)2. elongation:3. termination: stop codon (UAG)
• Let’s make a PROTEIN!!!!.
Translation
PSite
ASite
Largesubunit
Small subunit
mRNAA U G C U A C U U C G
Initiation
mRNA
A U G C U A C U U C G
2-tRNA
G
aa2
A U
A
1-tRNA
U A C
aa1
anticodon
hydrogenbonds codon
mRNA
A U G C U A C U U C G
1-tRNA 2-tRNA
U A C G
aa1 aa2
A U
A
anticodon
hydrogenbonds codon
peptide bond
3-tRNA
G A A
aa3
Elongation
mRNA
A U G C U A C U U C G
1-tRNA
2-tRNA
U A C
G
aa1
aa2
A U
A
peptide bond
3-tRNA
G A A
aa3
Ribosomes move over one codon
(leaves)
mRNA
A U G C U A C U U C G
2-tRNA
G
aa1
aa2
A U
A
peptide bonds
3-tRNA
G A A
aa3
4-tRNA
G C U
aa4
A C U
mRNA
A U G C U A C U U C G
2-tRNA
G
aa1
aa2
A U
A
peptide bonds
3-tRNA
G A A
aa3
4-tRNA
G C U
aa4
A C U
(leaves)
Ribosomes move over one codon
mRNA
G C U A C U U C G
aa1
aa2
A
peptide bonds
3-tRNA
G A A
aa3
4-tRNA
G C U
aa4
A C U
U G A
5-tRNA
aa5
mRNA
G C U A C U U C G
aa1
aa2
A
peptide bonds
3-tRNA
G A A
aa3
4-tRNA
G C U
aa4
A C U
U G A
5-tRNA
aa5
Ribosomes move over one codon
mRNA
A C A U G U
aa1
aa2
U
primarystructureof a protein
aa3
200-tRNA
aa4
U A G
aa5
C U
aa200
aa199
terminator or stop codon
Termination
End Product
• The end products of protein synthesis is a primary structure of a protein.
• A sequence of amino acid bonded together by peptide bonds.
aa1
aa2aa3
aa4aa5
aa200
aa199
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/
Question:
• The anticodon UAC belongs to a tRNA that recognizes and binds to a particular amino acid.
• What would be the DNA base code for this amino acid?
Answer:
• tRNA - UAC (anticodon)• mRNA - AUG (codon)• DNA - TAC
Protein Processing
Post-translational processing –
• Proteins undergo many processes such as folding, cutting and other processes), before becoming the mature protein product
DNA
RNA
Protein
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION
Summarize the steps of translation from your text(pg 257 – 260)
An example of translation:
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/firefly/
Transcription / translationhttp://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/
http://www.biostudio.com/demo_freeman_protein_synthesis.htm