DNA/RNA, Transcription/Translation, & Mitosis/Meiosis Review.
RNA transcription and translation
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Transcript of RNA transcription and translation
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Monday 1-17-16Agenda1. Go over quiz2. RNA lesson
Objectives• Compare & Contrast
DNA & RNA• Model how DNA is used
as a template to create a strand of RNA and how is RNA used to make a protein
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As always…UnderlineGreen
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RNA
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Review A
C
G
T
T
C
T
G
C
A
A
G
DNA strand:
DNA strands separate
Fill in the new Fill in the new bases for the bases for the strand on the strand on the rightright
A
C
G
T
T
C
Fill in the new Fill in the new bases for the bases for the strand on the strand on the leftleft
T
G
C
A
A
G
This is DNA REPLICATION
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Big Idea #1RNA is a transcript of 1 gene in the DNA.
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Quick Check• Which molecule is longer: DNA or
RNA?
• Why do you think that?
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Did you know…• Snakes are true carnivores because
they eat nothing but other animals. They do not eat any type of plant material.
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Big Idea #2
RNA is a single stranded chain of nucleotides
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RNA has ribose sugarThe nitrogen bases are:C G A
U (uracil)
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Quick Check• List as many differences
between DNA and RNA as you can.
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Big Idea #3• RNA is made by
transcription in the same basic way that DNA is made.
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Practice Transcription• DNA strand:A A G A C C T G T
Make the complimentary mRNA strand
U U C U G G A C A
Make it just like Make it just like you make DNAyou make DNA
EXCEPTEXCEPT
Use a Use a UU wherever you wherever you would normally would normally put a Tput a T
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Whiteboard practiceTCCGTA
AGGCAT
DNA strands separate
Write what Write what the RNA the RNA would be would be based on based on the DNA the DNA strand on strand on the leftthe left
AGGCAU
This is RNA TRANSCRIPTION
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Can you name the 7 dwarfs?
•Bashful•Doc•Sleepy
•Sneezy•Grumpy•Dopey•Happy
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Big Idea #4There are 3 kinds of RNA
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mRNAm= messengerThis is the copy of the DNA gene
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rRNAr= ribosomalThis kind are the ribosomes
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tRNAt = transfercarries the amino acid to the ribosomes to build the protein.
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Whiteboard check What kind of RNA is shaped like a T? What kind of RNA carries the message
from the DNA? What kind of RNA carries amino acids
to the ribosomes? What kind of RNA makes up
ribosomes? What kind of RNA reads the genetic
code?
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Read the following
See Her He’s You Knee Flied
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COMPARE AND CONTRAST
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Proteins
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Big Idea #1• Proteins
are made of amino acids
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Quick Check• Proteins are made of building blocks
called amino acids
• What are the building blocks of nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA?
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I Love you• Arabic........................Ohhe-buk• French.......................Je t’aime• German.....................Ich liebe dich• Hawaiian.................aloha I’a au oe• Italian......................Ti amo• Japanese................... Aishite imasu• Spanish.....................Te amo• Thai.......................... Phom Rak Khun• Zulu.......................... Ngiya kuthanda• Braille......................
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Big Idea #2The order of amino acids determines the type of protein
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Quick Check• There are 20 amino acids• There are 26 letters in the alphabet
• How many different words can you make from these letters:
E T A B
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Big Idea #3• A codon is a group of 3
nucleotides that codes for 1 amino acid
3
1
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Whiteboard check• How many codons are in this strand of
mRNA?
ACUUCGCAAGGGCUCGCA
6
1 2 3 4 5 6
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Big Idea #4Using the mRNA to make a protein is called translation
This occurs at a ribosome
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Brain ExercisesLittleLittleLateLate
COF FEE
1XToo little, too late
Coffee break
Once upon a time
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Codons• 64 different codons • 20 amino acids• Genetic code is redundant: Example: GGU,
GGC, GGA, and GGG all code for glycine.
– What does UUU make? – What does AGC make? – What does GUA make?
phenylalanine
serine
valine
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Building a protein
• Step 1: transcribe DNA to make mRNA
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• Step 2: mRNA moves out of the nucleus to a ribosome
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Building a protein• In the cytoplasm are all the things that
are needed to make a protein– Ribosomes– tRNAs– Amino acids
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• Step 3:– rRNA (ribosome)
reads mRNA one codon at a time
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• Step 4– tRNAs bring the right amino acid for each codon in the
mRNA
This is called translation
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• Step 5– As the amino acid chain grows, it begins to fold
and twist, turning it into a protein