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RISE OF ROME World History

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Geography of Rome

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Geography Peninsula: Italian Peninsula Mountains Alps: north Apennines: length of Italy Rugged land made travel difficult Volcano's: Mt. Vesuvius Hills: where they built their cities Rome was built on 7 hills near the Tiber River

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Climate Similar to California Warm dry summers & mild wet winters Crops: grains, citrus fruit, and olives Plentiful food

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Beginnings of Rome Aeneas (I-nee-uhs) Trojan Hero Greeks destroyed Troy he left and went to Italy. Aeneid written by Virgil Created an alliance with the Latin's Married the daughter of a Latin King

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Romulus & Remus According to Legend Descendants of Aeneas Twins placed in a river Raised by wolves Found by a farmer Created Rome

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Rome's Early Kings 753 BC Romulus is the first king Roman records say 7 kings ruled Rome Not all of them were Roman Last 3 were Etruscans Built temples, made sewers Alphabet & numbers Last king was cruel Killed many 509 BC nobles rose up & overthrew the king

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Early Republic Republic: people elect leaders to govern them Created in 509 BC by the nobles Elected officials Term limits: one year Not a democracy Elected officials were wealthy Others had little to no say in how Rome was run

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External Challenges War for 50 years People from the region During difficult wars they changed government Dictator: ruler with absolute power Term limit: 6 months Cincinnatus Power in 458 BC Farmer Returned power back to Rome before 6 months was up Admired by the Romans

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Internal Challenges Plebeians vs. Patricians Plebeian: common people Peasants, craftsman, traders Some were as wealthy as Patricians NOT allowed to participate in government Patrician: nobles Elected officials Hold all political power 494 BC Plebeians form a council Elected their own officials They outnumber the Patricians Patricians change their mind: Plebeians can participate in government

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Government & Society Create a 3 part Government Written Laws Roman Forum

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Three Part Government Tripartite: government with 3 parts Magistrates: elected officials Consuls: 2 most powerful Magistrates 1 year term Finances, games, & festivals Senate Roman Senate: council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised cities leaders Advised consuls Held office for life Became more powerful than magistrates Took control of finances Assemblies & Tribunes Protected the common people Two branches

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Assemblies & Tribunes Assemblies Included Patricians & Plebeians Elect magistrates Voted on going to war Participate their entire adult lives Tribunes Elected officials Veto: or prohibit Term limit: 1 year