Rise of Nazism & Fascism

8/18/2019 Rise of Nazism & Fascism

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mrunal.org

Europe between the Wars

Fascism in Italy1.

Nazism in Germany2.

Developments in Britain and France3.

1.

United States Emerges as the Strongest Power

The Depression1.

2.

The Emergence of the Soviet Union3.

Nationalist Movements in Asia and Africa

India1.

Turkey and Khilafat Movement2.

China3.

Africa4.

4.

Beginning of Fascist Aggression5.

Japanese Invasion of China6.

German Militarization7.

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Italian Invasion of Ethiopia8.

The Spanish Civil War 9.

The Munich Pact10.

UPSC has included World History in General studies (Mains)

syllabus from 2013. Hence Old NCERT, particularly Chapter 9 to 13

from Class 10= becomes necessary as the ‘foundation/base

material’ for the topics of World History. But for non-Delhi

candidates, it is almost impossible to get that book, because

NCERT changed syllabus, hence book is no longer printed.

Therefore I’m uploading the chapters one by one. And, just

because these chapters are uploaded, doesn’t mean I’m stopping

my Jack Sparrow series on [World History], it will continue at its

own pace.

HARDLY twenty years had passed since the end of the Fast World

War, when, in 1939, the Second World War broke out. It was the

most destructive war in history which affected the life of the people

in every part of the globe. The twenty years between the First and

Second World Wars were a period of tremendous changes all over

the world. Many developments took place in Europe which paved

the way for the outbreak of the Second World War. A major

economic crisis took place during this period which affected almost

every part of the world and, more particularly, the most advanced

capitalist countries of the West. In Asia and Africa, the period saw

an unprecedented awakening of the peoples which found its

fulfilment after the Second World War. The changes and

developments in this period are important not only for understanding the forces and factors which led to the Second World

War but also the world that emerged after the war. Thus they are


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crucial to an understanding of the present-day world.

The misery caused by the First World War influenced the political

developments in many countries. You have read earlier about the

revolution in Germany towards the end of the war which forced theGerman emperor to flee the country. Germany became a republic.

The proclamation of the republic did not satisfy the German

revolutionaries who attempted another uprising in January 1919.

The uprising was, however, suppressed. Two leaders of the

German revolutionary movement, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa

Luxemburg, were assassinated. There was an uprising in Hungary

but the revolutionary government which came into being was over

thrown within a few months. Inspired by the Russian Revolution,

there were revolutions in many other countries of Europe such as

Finland, and Baltic States of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania which

had earlier been parts of the Russian empire. But all these

revolutions were shortlived. There were movements in other parts

of Europe for improvement in living conditions. The political

situation in almost every country in Europe was complicated. The

period saw the growth of socialist and communist par ties in almost

every country of Europe However, within a few years in many

countries of Europe, the socialist movements were defeated and

dictatorial governments came to power. These governments not

only suppressed socialist movements but also destroyed

democracy. The emergence of dictatorial governments in Europe in

this period had dangerous consequences not only for the peoples

of Europe but for the whole world. The most dangerous

development was the triumph of fascism in Italy and Germany

which paved the way for the Second World War.


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Rise of Nazism & Fascism

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