Vocabulary Fascism Black Shirts Il Duce. Fascism in Italy Benito Mussolini.
The Rise of Fascism & Nazism Mussolini in Italy & Hitler in Germany.
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Transcript of The Rise of Fascism & Nazism Mussolini in Italy & Hitler in Germany.
Standard 10.7.3
• Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting especially their common and dissimilar traits.
After World War I, people everywhere questioned old ideas about religion, leadership, and even
science.
Men like Sigmund Freud developed new ideas about what motivated people.
Albert Einstein develops the Theory of Relativity which upsets scientific beliefs held since
Isaac Newton.
1. A Culture in ConflictA. new ideas and science changed
ideas about the world i. atomic theoryii. theory of relativityiii.psychoanalysis
1. A Culture in ConflictA. new ideas and science changed
ideas about the world i. atomic theoryii. theory of relativityiii.psychoanalysis
B. new literature and the arts lead to a sense of uncertainty
After women won the right to vote in Russia, western nations that claimed to be democratic
finally were forced to give women the vote.
1. A Culture in ConflictA. new ideas and science changed ideas about
the world i. atomic theoryii. theory of relativityiii.psychoanalysis
B. new trends in literature and the arts contributed to a sense of uncertainty
C. women made progress in education and politics but still lagged behind men in career opportunities and pay
The War to End All Wars ended on November
11, 1918
Europe was left to wonder what had happened…
Over 65 million men were mobilized…
There were 37,500,000 casualties…
Over 8,500,000 men died
Over 21 million men
returned injured
The war cost over $31,000,000,000
someone had to pay…the question was who…
Futility
Nihilism
Despair
Distrust of government
Hopelessness
Anger
Atheism
Leadership failure
Suicide
Frustration NEVER AGAIN
2. The Western DemocraciesA. after World War I diplomats worked
hard to make:i. treaties that ended war
After World War I, President Woodrow Wilson proposed the 14 Points for peace.
One of Wilson’s ideas was to create a
League of Nations.
The League excluded Germany and Russia.
Most importantly, Americans did not seem sure that the League was a good
idea.
The League of Nations
The U.S. Senate decided to reject Wilson’s plans
for the League.
The USA never joined…
2. The Western DemocraciesA. after World War I diplomats worked
hard to make:i. treaties that ended war ii. cooperation in the League of
Nations
2. The Western DemocraciesA. after World War I diplomats worked
hard to make:i. treaties that ended war ii. cooperation in the League of
NationsB. leading democratic powers faced
difficult political and economic challenges at home and abroad
2. The Western DemocraciesA. after World War I diplomats worked hard to
make:i. treaties that ended war ii. cooperation in the League of Nations
B. leading democratic powers faced difficult political and economic challenges at home and abroad
C. the Great Depression created financial turmoil and widespread suffering throughout the industrialized world
Rise of Fascist Italy
Italians were furious that they were not given more land after World War I.
They also feared a Communist Revolution like Russia.
Many were attracted to the idea of a strong leader.
• preached extreme nationalism
• nations must struggle – peaceful nations were doomed
• no clearly defined program for improvement
• citizens lose individual rights
• state is supreme
3. Fascism in ItalyA. Benito Mussolini and his Fascist
Party took advantage of political and economic unrest to seize power in the 1920s.
3.Fascism in ItalyA. Benito Mussolini and his Fascist Party
took advantage of political and economic unrest to seize power in the 1920s.
B. Fascism was rooted in extreme nationalism and glorified action, violence, discipline, and loyalty to the state.
C. As Il Duce, Mussolini established the first totalitarian state which served as a model for others.
4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi GermanyA. Weimer Republic weakened by
disunity and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles
4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi GermanyA. Weimer Republic weakened by
disunity and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles
B. Hitler appealed to extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, and resentment of the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler’s Rise to Dictator
• in 1933 Hitler became Chancellor of Germany (Weimer Republic)
• he did not have a majority
• he called for new elections
• six days before the elections, the Nazis burned down the Reichstag and blamed Communists
• Hitler won a small majority and declared a one-party state
4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi GermanyA. Weimer Republic weakened by disunity
and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles
B. Hitler appealed to extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, and resentment of the Treaty of Versailles
C. Hitler and the Nazis used terror, repression, and one party rule to create a totalitarian society
4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi GermanyA. Weimer Republic weakened by disunity and
inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles
B. Hitler appealed to extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, and resentment of the Treaty of Versailles
C. Hitler and the Nazis used terror, repression, and one party rule to create a totalitarian society
D. Economic problems and ethnic tensions in Eastern Europe helped fascist dictators gain power there