Richard EverettCIBSE Intelligent Buildings Group (IBG)

Roger MoncurGiuseppe Di Gangi

Schneider Electric Buildings UK

Ask not ‘what can you do for your technology?’ ask ‘what can your technology do for you?’

with apologies to John F Kennedy

Green and Intelligent Buildings: save costs and boost productivity,

sustainably!

‘Intelligent’ Building Definition

“Intelligent buildings should be sustainable, healthy, technologically aware, meet the needs of occupants and business and should be flexible and adaptable to deal with change”

Clements-Croome (2007)

AKA Performance or Smart Buildings

An intelligent building is a dynamic and responsive architecture that provides every occupant with productive, cost effective and environmentally approved conditions through a continuous interaction among its four basic elements: places (fabric; structure; facilities); processes (automation; control; systems;) people (services; users) and management (maintenance; performance) and the interrelation between them.

The CIB Working Group W098 (1995).

Behaviours

• Tidy or untidy • Methodical or haphazard• Good memory or Forgetful

• Lighting, heating and systems consume energycontrol them

• Automation – switch it off!

The ideal

iB

intelligent Unified messaging

Cause and effect

Building MgmtSystems

Infrastructure

Trend analysis

AV

Digital signage

Thin client Blade PCs

Cashless catering

IP telephony

mLearning

Wireless

Smart cards

Learning technology

Library systems

Room management

Buildings

The goal – 4 E’s

eee

e• Economy = minimising cost

• Efficiency = making best use of resources

• Effectiveness = degree of achievement of outcome

• Efficacy = degree of relevance of outcome.

Economic

24

• Capital cost reduction %

• Return on Investment (ROI) Years

10

Return on Investment

90% Salary costs as a

percentage of total organisational

costs

Efficient

• Reduced running costs %

• Reduced energy bills %

• Lighting control reductions %

36

20

30-40

Energy efficient buildings

The following features are important:

High levels of thermal insulationNatural ventilation – connected spacesExclude excessive solar gainHigh efficiency lightingIndividual control measuresEfficient systems equipment and appliancesEmploy effective facilities management

Clements-Croome (2007)

Energy usage (of all energy)

• Energy used to heat, light and ventilate buildings %

• Energy used to construct buildings %

Edwards (2002)

45

5

Effective

• Reduction of temperature (1oC)= higher productivity %

• Productivity increase (0.5%) pay back years

• RAE reports improvement in productivity %

1.8

1.6

17

Annualised UK building costs

• Capital investment £200/m² per year

• Energy and plant costs£10/m² per year

• Staff costs£15,000/m² per year

Hodgett (1993)

• So a 1% change in productivity??

Pedagogy

• Worker Performance =

Motivation x Ability x Opportunity

• Tasks - IndividualsWant to doCapable of doingCan be done

• Building createsPhysical environment.

Happy ‘workers’ are effective

• “research suggests a correlation between worker productivity, wellbeing, environmental, social and organisational factors.”

Clements-Croome (2007)

Efficacious

• Sustainable environmental approach

• Reduction in carbon emissions %

• Carbon saving strategiesHigh potential

15

Carbon Trust

• High potential Building ControlsSmart meteringBuilding fabric

• Heating, ventilation• Cooling, integrated design

• Lower potential Biomass (for electricity generation), Nuclear Fusion, Solar photovoltaic

Carbon Trust (2001)

Ill advised reduction?

“Often there is an attempt to reduce maintenance with consequential waste of energy and deteriorating environmental conditions. Evans et al (1998) point out that the building lifetime cost ratios vary but commonly are 1:5:200 to 1:10:200. In other words, the major costs of running an organisation are the salaries of the staff.

Clements Croome (2007)

1 : 5

: 20

01 : 10 : 200

iB

intelligent Unified messaging

Cause and effect

Building MgmtSystems

Infrastructure

Trend analysis

AV

Digital signage

Thin client Blade PCs

Cashless catering

IP telephony

mLearning

Wireless

Smart cards

Learning technology

Library systems

Room management

Buildings

For instance wiring infrastructure

• Traditional building Security cameras Audi Visual ‘Computing' data Specialist Media (TV editing

etc) Anti theft devices (PIRs etc) Heating Ventilation and

Cooling (HVAC) Phones Fire (but..) Signage ID Cards systems (Access) Wireless ! Etc etc

=IP

So my message to you is

•Sustainability...

•Don’t only think construction costs

•Maintenance operating costs (5 x)

•Business operating costs (200 x)

= think intelligent!(and early planning is essential)

The evidenceThe 4E’s ExamplesEconomic Reduction of 24% capital cost (Bowen 2005)

ROI of 10 years (Kelly 2008)Command more rent (Burr 2008)

Efficient Reduction of 36% in running costs (Bowen 2005)Energy bills reduced by 20% (Johnson 2007)Lighting control reductions of some 30-40% (Ratcliff 2008) Identity and Access Management strategy paid for out of efficiency gains (Tizard and Mockford 2008)Energy cost savings between 10-50% (Shapiro 2009)

Effective Small productivity gain (0.1-2.0%) large effect (Woods 1989; Clements-Croome 2000 and 2005)Reducing temperature – higher productivity – 1.8% for every 1°C. (Niemelä et al 2001, 2002; Wargocki and Wyon 2006)Increase in quality of learning as a result of higher productivity (Everett 2009; Bakó-Biró 2007and 2008; Clements-Croome 2008; Wargocki and Wyon 2007;)0.5% productivity increase pays back within 1.6 years (Wyon 1996) 17% improvement in productivity – RAE (McDougall et al 2002)Increased rents by 2-6% (Eichholtz, Kok, and Quigley 2009; RICS 2009)Occupancy rates 4.1% higher (Burr 2008)Higher income growth over 10 years (Baue 2006)

Efficacious Sustainable environmental approach (Edwards 2002)Carbon saving strategies (Carbon Trust 2002)15% reduction in global carbon emissions (Thomas 2009) Focussing on quality of learning (Everett 2009)

Practical Demonstration