Revision LessonsYear 11 Physical Education1.25 Credits

PhysiologyExercise Physiology

Exam Check ListUnderstand the terminology

Explain anaerobic exercise

Explain aerobic exercise

Describe short term physiological responses of exercise

Describe long term adaptations of training on the body

Short Term Responses to Exercise• What were the three different categories/systems?

See how many responses you can come up with.

Long Term Responses to Exercise• What were the three different categories/systems?

See how many responses you can come up with…

Aerobic Energy Systems• What are the key points?

Anaerobic Energy Systems• What are the key points?

Exam Check ListUnderstand the terminology

Explain anaerobic exercise

Explain aerobic exercise

Describe short term physiological responses of exercise

Describe long term adaptations of training on the body

Anatomy

Exam Check List Identify agonist and antagonist muscles of a movement

Identify muscles around the elbow, hip, knee and ankle

Identify bones around the elbow, hip, knee and ankle

Identify joint movements of the elbow, hip, knee and ankle

Define ectomorph, endomorph & mesomorph body types

Joint Name Joint Movement

Name of Agonist

Name ofAntagonist

ElbowHip

KneeAnkle

Joint Name Joint Movement

Name of Agonist

Name ofAntagonist

Elbow Flexion to Extension Triceps Biceps

Hip Flexion to Extension Gluteus maximus Hip flexors

Knee Flexion to Extension Quadriceps Hamstrings

Ankle Plantar flexion Gastrocnemous Tibialis anterior

1

2

Body TypesEctomorph:

Tall and slenderVery little muscleBasketball

Mesomorph:Muscular and athleticStrength and enduranceAthletics

Endomorph: Short and high proportion of fatShort durationSwimming, sumo, power lifting

Joint Joint Type Movement Agonist Antagonist

Elbow Flexion

Extension

Hip Flexion

Extension

Knee Flexion

Extension

Anklecondyler

joint

Plantarflexion

Dorsiflexion

Joint Joint Type Movement Agonist Antagonist

Elbow

hinge

Flexion biceps triceps

Extension triceps biceps

Hipball and socket

Flexion hip flexors gluteals

Extension gluteals hip flexors

Knee

hinge

Flexion hamstrings quadriceps

Extension quadriceps hamstrings

Anklecondyler

joint

Plantarflexion gastrocnemius tibialis anterior

Dorsiflexion tibialis anterior gastrocnemius

Explanation- Excellence

• Describe the movement occurring at the right hip joint.

• Extra for experts:▫ Turn over your

worksheet and try describing flexion of the knee.

Exam Check List Identify agonist and antagonist muscles of a movement

Identify muscles around the elbow, hip and knee

Identify bones around the elbow, hip and knee

Identify joint movements of the elbow, hip and knee

Define ectomorph, endomorph & mesomorph body types

Anatomy- Questions?

Biomechanics

Exam ChecklistExplain the BOS, COG and LOG in relation to stability

Define force summation

Explain the three principles of force summation

Define Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion

Explain one law of motion in detail

BOS, COS & LOG• Using the terms (base of support, centre of gravity

and line of gravity) describe how sumo wrestlers (or athletes in general) could increase their stability?

Increase the size of their

BOS

Lower their COG

Keep their LOG within their BOS

Force Summation• Definition

The sum of all forces generated by each body part.

• Three principles

oUse the maximum amount of body parts possibleoSequence (large muscles groups first, small muscle

groups last but fast)oTiming (contracting muscles at the optimum point of

contraction

Principles of Force Summation…

• Use the greatest number of body segments or muscle groups as possible.

• In the correct sequence, use large muscle groups first and then the small muscles last, but fast.

• Use the correct timing of the bodysegments or muscle groups.

Newton’s Laws of Motion• Law 1:▫ Inertia

• Law 2: ▫ Acceleration

• Law 3: ▫ Action/Reaction

Explain one ‘Law of Motion’in detail

• Pick one law of motion.

• Using this image, explain how the law of motion could be applied to this sporting example.

• Tell your neighbour.

Law 1: Inertia

Law 1: Inertia- an object remains at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an external

force.

Law 1: Inertia• Inertia is an objects resistance to change in motion.

An objects inertia is proportional to it’s weight (mass).

• The heavier the object, the more inertia it has.

• Sporting example…

Law 2: Acceleration• Law 2: Acceleration- the acceleration of an object is

dependant on the mass, size and direction of the force acting upon it.

• force = mass x acceleration [ f = m x a ]

Law 2: Acceleration• When a force is applied to

an object, it will move in the direction the force was applied.

• Depending on the size/ mass of the object, it will accelerate accordingly. ▫ The smaller the object

the faster it will accelerate.

▫ The larger the mass, the slower the acceleration.

Law 3: Action/Reaction

• Law 3: Action- reaction-whenever a force is

applied there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Law 3: Action/ Reaction• If an athlete exerts a force

onto the ground in order to push off, the ground will exert an equal and opposite force on the athlete, pushing them up into the air.

• Action force

• Reaction force

Example- Swimming• Think about a swimmer:

a) When would Newton’s 3 laws take place?

b) How could Newton’s 3 laws of motion help their performance?

Exam ChecklistExplain the BOS, COG and LOG in relation to stability

Define force summation

Explain the three principles of force summation

Define Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion

Explain one law of motion in detail

Last Minute Exam Tips 9ish questions 1.5 hours Anatomy Biomechanics Physiology Spread your time evenly over all of the questions Revise your notes- use the exam checklist Do not ramble and confuse answers

GOOD LUCCCCCKKK!!!