Years and Days. Moon Phases Seasons Lunar Eclipses Total Solar Eclipse.
Revision. Earth and Space 365 ¼ days is the time taken for the Earth to orbit the sun. There are 28...
-
Upload
samuel-obrien -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
0
Transcript of Revision. Earth and Space 365 ¼ days is the time taken for the Earth to orbit the sun. There are 28...
Revision
Earth and Space
365 ¼
days is the time
taken for the
Earth to orbit
the sun.
There are 28 days
from one full moon to the next.
(A lunar month)
It takes 24 hours
for the Earth to
spin once on it’s axis.
Night and day is caused by the Earth spinning on it’s own axisThere are 9 planets
in our solar system.
The Sun is our closest star.
MercuryVenusEarthMars
JupiterSaturnUranus
NeptunePluto
The moon affectsThe Earth’s tides.
The Earth spins in A clockwise direction.
Materials and their PropertiesTransparent
Translucent
opaque
Any material that lets a lot of light through.
Any material that lets a little bit of light through.
Any material that lets no light through.
glass
Tracing paper
Brick wall
Clear plastic
Frosted glass Bubble wrap
Wood CardboardOther
propertiesPERMEABLE materials allow water to soak through.
IMPERMEABLE materials do not allow any water to soak through.
BRITTLE materials break easily.
INSULATING materials keep things warm or cold.
MALLEABLE materials can be shaped.
Separating
Materials
To separate liquid
out of a solution
EVAPORATE
it.
The hotter the liquidThe faster it will evaporate
heat
Evaporation
To separate dry solids
with different
sized particles
use a filter or sieve
Clouds are made from water vapour. When they condense we get rain.Water vapour is a gas.Rain is a liquid.Ice is a solid
Evaporate =liquid to water vapour
Condense=water vapour to liquid
Changing Materials
If 2 materials are
mixed together
and a chemical reaction
takes place the change
is irreversible.
If no reaction occurs between the materials then it
is reversible.
SolidParticles are
closely packed
together. No spaces
between.
LiquidParticles are
spaced out more but still
touching.
GasParticles are widely spaces
and not touching.
Burning isirreversible
Melting issometimes reversible
(chocolate)(ice)but
sometimes irreversible
(plastic)
Cooking isirreversible
Forces
There are 2 types of forces
Pushes Pullsand
Gravity
Air/Water Resistance
Friction
is a pullingforce which
pulls allobjectstowards
thecentreof theEarth.
is a pulling force which has theeffect of slowing things down.
is a pushing
forcewhich
pushes objectsin the
opposite direction.
Upthrust
is a pushing
forcewhich
pushes objects
away fromthe centre
of the Earth.
Magnetism
will pull
magnetic objects
Forces are measured in NEWTONS.
Light
Light travels
in straight
lines.
LIGHT CAN BE SPLIT INTO SEVEN COLOURS
Light can REFLECT off
shiny surfaces.
A shadow is formed when an object or person
BLOCKS the light from a source.
The CLOSER the object is to the light source
the LARGER the shadow.
LIGHTSOURCES ?
Sound
Sound is
caused by
VIBRATIONS
Sound travels in all directions.
Sound travels in WAVES.
Reflected sound is called an ECHO.
Sound travels to our outer ear,
along the ear canalto the ear drum,
then to the cochlea.Finally it travels
along the aural nerveto the brain.
Sound is a type of ENERGY.
NOISE is disorganised sound that we find annoying.
MUSIC is organised sound that we find pleasant.
ElectricityElectricity is
A type of ENERGY
It can be used to power many
appliances in ourhomes, schools and work places.
Or taken from the mains.
Electricity can bestored in batteries
MAINS ELECTRICITY IS EXTREMELY DANGEROUS!
Electricity will only flow in a complete circuit
An electrical CONDUCTORis a material that allows
electricity to pass through it.
METALS are the best conductors.
An electrical INSULATORis a material that does not allow
electricity to pass through it.
switch bulb
Magnetism
Magnets have 2
ends called poles
(north and south)
Iron
Opposite
poles
attract
N S N S
Likepoles repel
NNS S
Thesemetals aremagnetic
SteelNickel
Cobalt
They are surroundedby a magnetic field
Animal World
Animals can be divided into 2
different groups
VERTEBRATES animals
with backbones
INVERTEBRATES animals
without backbones
The vertebrates
can be dividedinto 5main
groups.
MAMMALS FISH REPTILES AMPHIBIANS BIRDS
egINSECTSSPIDERSWORMS
Coldblooded
GillsScales
Layeggs
Warmblooded
FurLive
young
ColdbloodedMostly
layeggs
Coldblooded
Layeggs
WarmbloodedFeathers
Layeggs
Habitats and Adaptation
Habitat is the place
where a plantor animal lives.
Animals and plants are adapted to their environment in many different ways
If a living thing is not adapted to it’senvironment, it will not survive.
A fish lives in water so has gills for breathing, scales for waterproofing,
fins for swimming
A cactus has spikes instead of leaves to reduce water loss.
It can store water in it’s stem.
Birds can fly to the tops of trees
to escape predators
Camels can store fat in their hump.
they have special shaped feetand fur lined ears and nostrils.
Polar bears have a thicklayer of fat and fur to
insulate them against thesevere cold.
A stick insect isperfectly camouflaged
in it’s environment.
HUMANS (and many animals)
have 5 senses.
HEARINGWe can tell what
sounds are and wherethey are coming from
using our ears.
SIGHTWe see with our eyes.
We have 2 eyesso we can judge
distances.This is called
BINOCULAR vision.
TOUCHWe use our skin and
nerves to tell us if something is too hot/cold/sharp.
This helps to protect usfrom danger.
TASTEWe use different
parts of our tongueto sense different tastes
such as bitter, sour, sweet or salty.
SMELLThis is our strongest sense.
We can tell the differencebetween good and bad smells.
This may stop us fromeating something which would
make us ill.
Our Senses
Food Chains and Interdependence
HerbivoresAnimals which only eat plants
eg – rabbits, cows, sheep, camels, elephants, deer.
CarnivoresAnimals which only eat other animals (meat)
eg – lions, dogs, cats, polar bears, sharks, penguins.
OmnivoresAnimals which eat a mixed diet (plants and animals)eg humans, whales, some monkeys.
A typicalsimple
food chain
PRODUCERS (green plants) are the first in a food chain
All animal life on Earth is dependent on plants which are dependent on the sun’s energy.
CONSUMERS are all animals.
PREDATORS are animals that eat other animals.
PREY are animals that are eaten by other animals.
Micro organism
means
VERY SMALL
LIVING THING
Micro organisms
amoeba
virusbacteriafungi
plankton
Micro organisms can be harmful
They can cause diseases like flu or coughs and more serious ones as well
Micro organisms can be helpful
They decompose wasteand are added to food to improve the taste.
ALWAYS WASH YOUR HANDSMicro organisms can be passed around through physical contact,
coughing, sneezingAnd through contact with blood or other body fluids,
Our Bodies
The HEARTPumps blood around our
body as part of theCIRCULATORY system.The more we exercise
the faster the heart pumps.
The DIGESTIVE SYSTEMbreaks down the food we eat
with a range of ENZYMES and ACIDS.
The waste products are thenEXCRETED.
The LUNGS take OXYGEN out of the air we breathe in and replace it
with unwanted CARBON DIOXIDE
which we breathe out.
Teeth help us chew food.We have 4 types
INCISORS- for bitingCANINES- for tearing
PREMOLARS – for chewingMOLARS – for chewing
Our SKELETONhelps to supportus and protect
our internalorgans.
Our skeleton also helps us to move using a system
of LIGAMENTS and MUSCLES
Plants and their Life Cycles
Different parts of a plant have different functions.The LEAF makes
the food for theplant by
PHOTOSYNTHESISusing energy from the sun.
The ROOTStake in water
and NUTRIENTSfrom the soil
they alsoANCHORthe plantin place.
The stemTRANSPORTSNUTRIENTS
from the rootsto the rest
of the plant.
The flower produces SEEDS so that new plants can grow.
GERMINATIONThe seed begins
to growa shoot
POLLINATIONPollen from the STAMEN
of one plantlands on the
STIGMA of anotherPlant.
DISPERSALThe plant spreads it’s seeds as far as possible so there is
less competitionfor light
and space,
Living Things………have seven things that they ALL do………
MOVEMENTAnimals walk crawl wiggle swim or fly.
Plants move to face the sun.
RESPIRATIONPlants breathe in carbon dioxide
and give out oxygen.Animals breathe in oxygen
and give out carbon dioxide
SENSITIVITYAnimals and plants use their senses
to respond to the environment.Animals can see, hear, feel touch
and taste.Plants turn to face the sun or grow
towards the light.
NUTRITIONAll animals need to eat.
Plants can make their own food by photosynthesis
EXCRETIONAll living things have to get rid
of waste products either through their digestive system (poo)
or through their skin or leaves.
GROWTHAll living things grow.Some grow a lot and
others just a little. REPRODUCTIONAll living things need to make sure
their species survives they do this byreproduction. Animals give birth to
live babies or lay eggs.Plants produce seeds.
www.treeofsongs.com
www.treeofsongs.com