Review Neck E-learning
Transcript of Review Neck E-learning
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Review:
The Cervical Region
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Cervical Region Topics
- Fascial coverings of the neck
- Muscles and Root of the neck
- Posterior Triangle of the neck
- Anterior triangle the neck
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Fascial Coveringsof The Neck
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Covering Layers of The Neck
- Skin
-Superficial Fascia
Fatty layer that contains:
Platysma MuscleSup: lower border of the
mandible. Inf: delto-pectoralfascia.
Cutaneous N.
External Jugular V.Superficial L.N.
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Anterolateral Cutaneous Nerves
Arise from post. border of SCM
4 nerves:
Lesser occipital n. (C2)
Great auricular n. (C2,C3)
innervates :lobule, skin over
parotid gland, angle of the mandible.
Transverse cutaneous n. (C2,C3)
ant. neck from mand. to st.
Supraclavicular n. (C3,C4)
3 (med., intermediate, lat.)
innervations- skin over the clavicle, upper half of the shoulder (deltoid muscle) ,lower half of posterior triangle.
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External Jugular Vein
Starts behind angle of mandibleBy:
Post. division of retromand. V.
+
Post. auricular V.
Extends:
Angle mid. 1/3 of clavicle
Drains into:Subclavian V. ( common)
or IJV
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Deep Cervical Fascia
4 PartsInvesting Layer
surrounds the neck
Pretracheal Layer
muscles & viscera
Prevertebral Layer
prevertebral muscles
Carotid Sheath
bld. vessels & nerves
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2 Muscles?SCM & Trapezius
2 Salivary glands?
Parotid &Submandibular glands
* Thickened betweenstyloid & mandibularangle to form= ?
Stylomandibular Lig.
Structures Enclosed by Investing Fascia
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Structures Enclosed by Carotid Sheath
Common carotid a. &internal carotid artery.
IJV
Vagus n. (X)-Parasympathetic
Deep cervical L.N.
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Root of The NeckThe area of the neck that lies immediately above the
superior thoracic opening
Boundaries for Sup. thoracic opening –manubrium, first rib and
T1
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Contents of The Root of The Neck
1. lower portions of scalene muscles (3 muscles)
2. subclavian artery & vein (divided by scalenus ant. To 3 parts )
3. thoracic duct:
lymph vessel extends from thorax to drain into leftbrachiocephalic vein
4. roots & trunks of brachial plexus
5. Phrenic nerve (pass anterior to scalene hiatus)
from roots of C3, C4, C5 spinal nerves
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Posterior Triangle of The Neck
(Lateral Cervical Region)
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Boundaries
Ant.:
post. border of SCM
Post.:
ant. border of trapezius
Inf.:
mid. 1/3 of clavicle
Roof:
skin & fascia
Floor:
lat. & Post.
vertebral muscles
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Contents of post.
Triangle:
4 arteries
5 veins
3 kinds of nerves:
4 cutaneous
Spinal
B.P (roots & trunks)
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Veins in Posterior Triangle
Occipital Vein Drainage?
3 possibilities :
Vertebral artery
Internal jugular vein
Posterior auricular / external jugular vein
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Anterior Triangleof The Neck
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Anterior Triangle
Boundaries
Ant.:
Imaginary Midline
(mid-sagittal line)
Post.:
ant. border of SCM
Sup.:
inf. border of the mandible
Inf. apex:ant. & post. meet together
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Subdivisions of Ant. Triangle
By:digastric m. (both bellies)
sup. Belly of omohyoid m.
4 Triangles:
Submental
Submandibular (Digastric)
Carotid
Muscular
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Submandibular Triangle
Boundaries
Anteromedial:
ant. belly of digastric
Anterolateral:
lower border of mandible
Posterior:
post. belly of digastric
& stylohyoid m.
Floor:
mylohyoid & hyoglossus m.
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Contents
1. Superficial part ofsubmandibular gland
2. Facial a. & v.:
deep to the gland ?
3. Hypoglossal n.:
deep to the gland
on hyoglossus m.
4. n. To mylohyoid:between ? & ?
5. Submandibular L.N.
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Carotid Triangle
Boundaries
Sup.:
post. belly of digastric
Antero-inferiorly:
sup. Belly of omohyoid
Post.:
ant. border of SCM
Floor:
part of hyoglossus
part of thyrohyoid m.
middle & inf. costrictors
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Contents
Carotid sheath contents (4?)
Ansa Cervicalis
ant. aspect of the sheath
Cervical Sympathetic chain
post. aspect of the sheath
Hypoglossal n. (part)
ECA & some of its branches
mainly ant. branches
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Ansa Cervicalis
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ECA
* Extent?
Branches (8):
Medially (1)
Ant. (3)
Post. (2)
Terminations (2)