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Transcript of Review Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 1 Lecture 17 Slide 1 INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics...
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 1
Lecture 17 Slide 1
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Physics of Technology
PHYS 1800
Lecture 18
Review for Test 2
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 2
Lecture 17 Slide 2
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
PHYSICS OF TECHNOLOGY Spring 2009 Assignment Sheet
*Homework Handout
Date Day Lecture Chapter Homework Due Jan 5 6 7 9
M T W F*
Class Admin: Intro.Physics Phenomena Problem solving and math Units, Scalars, Vectors, Speed and Velocity
1 App. B, C 1 2
-
Jan 12 14 16
M W F*
Acceleration Free Falling Objects Projectile Motion
2 3 3
1
Jan 19 21 23
M W F*
Martin Luther King Newton’s Laws Mass and Weight
No Class 4 4
2
Jan 26 28 29 30
M W Th F
Motion with Friction Review Test 1 Circular Motion
4 1-4 1-4 5
3
Feb 2 4 6
M W F*
Planetary Motion and Gravity Energy Harmonic Motion
5 6 6
4
Feb 9 11 13
M W F*
Momentum Impulse and Collisions Rotational Motion
7 7 8
5
Feb 16 17 18 19 20
M Tu W H F*
Presidents Day Angular Momentum (Virtual Monday) Review Test 2 Static Fluids, Pressure
No Class 8 5-8 5-8 9
-
Feb 23 25 27
M W F*
Flotation Fluids in Motion Temperature and Heat
9 9 10
6
Mar 2 4 6
M W F*
First Law of Thermodynamics Heat flow and Greenhouse Effect Climate Change
10 10 -
7
Mar 9-13 M-F Spring Break No Classes Mar 16 18 20
M W F*
Heat Engines Power and Refrigeration Electric Charge
11 11 12
8
Mar 23 25 26 27
M W H F*
Electric Fields and Electric Potential Review Test 3 Electric Circuits
12 13 9-12 13
-
Mar 30 Apr 1 3
M W F
Magnetic Force Review Electromagnets Motors and Generators
14 9-12 14
9
Apr 6 8 10
M W F*
Making Waves Sound Waves E-M Waves, Light and Color
15 15 16
10
Apr 13 15 17
M W F*
Mirrors and Reflections Refraction and Lenses Telescopes and Microscopes
17 17 17
11
Apr 20 22 24
M W F
Review Seeing Atoms The really BIG & the really small
1-17 18 (not on test) 21 (not on test)
No test week 12
May 1 F Final Exam: 09:30-11:20am
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 3
Lecture 17 Slide 3
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Physics of Technology
PHYS 1800
Lecture 8
Circular MotionGravitational Forces
Conservation of EnergyConservation of Momentum
Conservation of Angular Momentum
Introduction and Review
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 4
Lecture 17 Slide 4
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Notes on Test
1. Covers Chapters 5-8 (Chapter 8 only qualitatively)
2. ~8 short answer problems or questions (5 point each)
3. 3 Numerical problems based heavily on the material from the homework and Lab/Demo sessions (20 points each). One problem each from Chapters 5, 6 and 7.
4. You will have a formula sheet just like the one in the handout.
5. Test is Thursday February 19 1:30-2:45 in ESLC 46.
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 5
Lecture 17 Slide 5
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
What Do We Need To Measure?
• What is the minimum about things we need to know?
• Where things are—a length, L• When things are there—a time, T
• How thing interact with gravity—a mass, M• How things interact with E&M—a charge, Q
• How thing inter act with weak nuclear force• How things interact with strong nuclear force
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 6
Lecture 17 Slide 6
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Describing Motion and Interactions
Position—where you are in space (L or meter)
Velocity—how fast position is changing with time (LT-1 or m/s)
Acceleration—how fast velocity is changing with time (LT-2 or m/s2)
Force— what is required to change to motion of a body (MLT-2 or kg-m/s2 or N)
Energy—the potential for an object to do work. (ML2T-2 or kg m2/s2 or N-m or J)
Work is equal to the force applied times the distance moved. W = F dKinetic Energy is the energy associated with an object’s motion. KE=½ mv2
Potenital Energy is the energy associated with an objects position.Gravitational potential energy PEgravity=mghSpring potential energy PEapring= -kx
In this chapter we will develop the concept of…MOMENTUM…and and its associated law of Conservation of Momentum and apply this to collisions.
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 7
Lecture 17 Slide 7
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Newton’s Laws in Review
• 1st Law —a special case of the 2nd Law for statics, with a=0 or Fnet=0 • An objects velocity remains unchanged, unless
a force acts on the object.
• 2nd Law (and 1st Law)—How motion of a object is effected by a force.– The acceleration of an object is directly
proportional to the magnitude of the imposed force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. The acceleration is the same direction as that of the imposed force.
• 3rd Law —Forces come from interactions with other objects.• For every action (force), there is an equal but
opposite reaction (force).
F ma
units : 1 newton = 1 N = 1 kgm s2
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 8
Lecture 17 Slide 8
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Central Forces and Gravity
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 9
Lecture 17 Slide 9
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
The Math Approach
• We are going to explore a different kind of central force that is no longer constant, but is proportional to 1/r2.
20
0
2
1
222attvt
vvt
vvd
t
vvaoratvv
ga
ofoo
off
k/r2
We will take a pragmatic approach (hindsight is 20-20!)
We simply replace the force of the “string” with the force of gravity
2rkT gravitystring F
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 10
Lecture 17 Slide 10
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
• Newton recognized the similarity between the motion of a projectile on Earth and the orbit of the moon.
• If a projectile is fired with enough velocity, it could fall towards Earth but never reach the surface.
• The projectile would be in orbit.
• Newton’s law of universal gravitation says the gravitational force between two objects is proportional to the mass of each object, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two objects.
• G is the Universal gravitational constant G.
221
r
mGmFgravity
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 11
Lecture 17 Slide 11
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Energy
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 12
Lecture 17 Slide 12
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
• The mechanical advantage of a simple machine is the ratio of the output force to the input force.– For the pulley example, the mechanical advantage is 2.
• Work is equal to the force applied times the distance moved.– Work = Force x Distance: W = F d
– Work output = Work input• units: 1 joule (J) = 1 Nm= 1 kg m2 / s2 [ML2T-2]
Mechanical Advantage and Simple Machines
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 13
Lecture 17 Slide 13
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Energy: The potential to do work.Conservation of Energy: The total
energy of a closed system remains constant.
– Energy can be converted from one form to another.
– Not all forms of energy can be fully recovered.
Conservation of Energy
Time
Ene
rgy
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 14
Lecture 17 Slide 14
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
The horizontal position x of the mass on the spring is plotted against time as the mass moves back and forth.
• The period T is the time taken for one complete cycle.
• The frequency f is the number of cycles per unit time. F=1/T
• The amplitude is the maximum distance from equilibrium.
X(t) = A sin (2π f t)
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 15
Lecture 17 Slide 15
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Impulse-Momentum Principles
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 16
Lecture 17 Slide 16
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Momentum and Impulse• Multiply both sides of Newton’s second law by the time interval over which the force acts:
• The left side of the equation is impulse, the (average) force acting on an object multiplied by the time interval over which the force acts.
• How a force changes the motion of an object depends on both the size of the force and how long the force acts.
• The right side of the equation is the change in the momentum of the object.
• The momentum of the object is the mass of the object times its velocity.
vF
vaF
mt
tmm
net
net
p mv
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 17
Lecture 17 Slide 17
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Impulse-Momentum Principle
The impulse acting on an object produces a change in momentum of the object that is equal in both
magnitude and direction to the impulse.
impulse = change in momentum
= p
In analogy,
work = change in energy= ΔE
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 18
Lecture 17 Slide 18
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Rotational Motion and Forces
Review
Introduction Section 0 Lecture 1 Slide 19
Lecture 17 Slide 19
INTRODUCTION TO Modern Physics PHYX 2710
Fall 2004
Physics of Technology—PHYS 1800
Spring 2009
Formulas We Know and Love