Review

Cornucopia is also referred to as… What do we refer to to increase our

awareness and appreciation of floral history?

What period was characterized by floral art that was simplistic, repetitious, and highly stylized?

What were the first professional florists?

Review

Wreaths were the symbol of ____________ and ______________.

Floral arrangements characterized as symmetrical, stylized tree compositions and containers filled with foliage to represent conical trees were introduced during this period?

The History of Floral Design

European Periods

Objectives•Summarize the history of floral design•Identify design characteristics of historical design periods•Explain how flowers were used based upon historical time frames

Middle Ages 476-1400 AD Little known about floral designs of this period Information found in Persian art, rugs, and

tapestries Flowers (both wild and cultivated) were an

important part of everyday life Used in food, drink, and medicine

Fragrant flowers were favored for the ground, freshening the air, and making wreaths and garlands for personal adornment and decoration

Middle Ages

Renaissance Art represented religious history – flowers in

vases were shown in paintings for symbolism A rose represented sacred or profane love A white lily was the symbol for chastity and fertility Single stems of white lilies in a humble jug was

popular Flowers were arranged in vases so only the

blossoms were visible and the stems were covered, creating massed, symmetrically stiff, conical arrangements

Varieties of bright colors and forms were used

Renaissance Wreaths & garlands were still

common Containers were pattered after Greek

and Roman periods, using elaborate metal containers with well-formed bases, stems, necks, and handles

Many containers had removable lids with holes in them to hold stems

Flowers used in Renaissance DesignRoses

Lily of the Valley

Daisies

IvyOlive Branches

Laurel

Dianthus

Lilies

Violets

Primroses

Baroque & Dutch-Flemish Styles

1500-1775 A.D1500-1775 A.D Art became

accessible to middle class instead of just church and nobility Flower arrangements

were seen in everyday situations

Economic conditions Economic conditions changed drasticallychanged drastically

Paintings show floral Paintings show floral design in everyday design in everyday situations situations

Baroque and Dutch-Flemish Baroque and Dutch-Flemish ContainersContainers Utilitarian containersUtilitarian containers GlasswareGlassware Terra cottaTerra cotta DelftwareDelftware

Hogarth CurveHogarth CurveS-curve DesignS-curve Design

• Rhythmic Rhythmic asymmetrical asymmetrical balancebalance

• English Artist - English Artist - William Hogarth William Hogarth (1697-1764(1697-1764

• Portrait of the Portrait of the Painter and His Painter and His PugPug

• Serpentine Line - Serpentine Line - “The Line of “The Line of Beauty”Beauty”

Baroque & Dutch-Flemish Styles

Elaborate ornamentation and curved lines were used Oval shape, asymmetrical balance, and S-curve

designs were all used in arrangements Over-decoration and gaudy interiors were

common Flower paintings showed creative expression in

large, flamboyant arrangements

French Period French Period (1600-1800)(1600-1800)

GRAND ERAGRAND ERA All attention was All attention was

focused on the focused on the courtcourt

Arts did not serve Arts did not serve the people, but the the people, but the courtcourt

Classic form, Classic form, refinement, refinement, eleganceelegance

French Period Emphasis was on classic

form, refinement, and elegance

Arrangements were commonly fan-shaped or triangle and massed, used as decorative accents in interiors

Vases were highly ornate (decorated), portraying elegance, and tasteful extravagance

French Period Containers

Highly ornate vasesHighly ornate vases Elegance and tasteful Elegance and tasteful

extravaganceextravagance

English – Georgian Period(aka Neo-Classical)

1714-1760 Fragrance was the most important part of a

bouquet, believing that perfume would rid the air of contagious and infectious diseases

Nosegays were created to keep flowers close by and relieve the smells of unsanitary surroundings Cleanliness was not a high standard in their

living Flowers were worn in hair and around necks or

on gowns, either at waist or the shoulder

Arrangements were formal and symmetrical, arranged with a variety of flowers

Flower–filled containers were set by fireplaces when heat wasn’t necessary (called a bough-pot)

Wedgwood and fine ceramic containers were used for expensive arrangements

Miniature arrangements in bud vases were introduced

English – Georgian Period(aka Neo-Classical)

English – Georgian Period(aka Neo-Classical)

Victorian Era 1830-1890 Flower arranging was taught and

recognized as an art Girls were taught to arrange, grow,

preserve, press, draw, and paint flowers, including making artificial flowers

Arrangements grouped large masses of flowers, foliage, and grasses together for compact designs without voids Design shapes were oval or round

Nosegays and hand bouquets were popular, conveying special sentiments with specific flowers

Victorian Era Containers were highly ornate and showy,

using all materials and shapes for holding abundant masses of flowers Posy holders were invented using

various materials Formal (concentric rings of flowers with a

symbolic flower in the center) and informal (casual mixing of fragrant blossoms) nosegay designs were used

Bosom bottles (aqua-picks) were formed to keep flowers fresh and from withering, when they were worn

Victorian Era

Review

1. The Renaissance was a period of ?2. Flowers in the Middle Ages were used in

what three things?3. What happened during the Baroque-

Dutch Flemish era in regards to acquisition of flowers?

4. Discuss the S-curve.5. The arrangements of the French period

were what shape?

Review

1. Why was fragrance so important of the flowers of the English-Georgian period?

2. In what period did girls start to study floral design principles and practices?