REVIEW

DO NOW• Write on a piece of paper you FAVORITE thing to do

Earth’s Components (3.1)

• Lithosphere – rock & sediment• Atmosphere – air around the planet• Hydrosphere – all the water on the planet• Biosphere – total of all living things as well as non-living things on the

planet

Earth Organization (3.1)• Individual organism - Wolf• Population – Pack of wolves• Community – Area such as Woodstock, or the greater

area where they live• Ecosystem – Northeastern portion of the US• Biome – Western Hemisphere• Biosphere – The planet

Environmental Factors (3.1)• Biotic Factors (living) – Living things: such as people,

animals, bacteria,…• Abiotic Factors (non-living) – Bedrock, mountain or hills,

rivers,….

•Primary producers – give an example?

•Grass, trees, bushes – anything that produces its own food. Typically through photosynthesis.

•Known as Autotrophs•Store energy in forms that other organisms can use when eaten

Autotrophs

•Consumers aka Heterotrophs•You are one, you rely on eating off of something else even if you are a vegetarian.

•Some are specialized – Lions only eat meat. Others are generalized – bears can eat fish or plants / berries.

Heterotrophs

•Do all autotrophs need sunlight to grow?

•No, some at the bottom of the ocean use chemicals called Chemosynthesis.

Chemosynthesis

NEW MATERIAL• FOOD CHAIN – series of steps in which organisms

transfer energy by eating and being eaten.• Primary Producer Herbivore Carnivore (pg. 73)• Multiple steps

• FOOD WEB – Network of feeding interactions• Herbivores graze on different types of grass• Carnivores feed on different herbivores (pg. 74)

Food Web• More complex than a single, simple chain• Herbivores graze on several types of grasses, and

carnivores or omnivores eat herbivores.• Why are food chains a more accurate representation of

the feeding relationship?

• Energy is always being absorbed by the earth (sunlight)• Matter(elements) are within a closed chain, called

biogeochemical cycles• Involve biological processes, geological processes and chemical

processes

Cycles of matter

The Water Cycle• Water is always moving between the atmosphere, oceans

and the land (pg. 81)• Water can enter the atmosphere in 2 ways:

• As water vapor, evaporating from bodies of water• Evaporation from plants in the process of transpiration

Cloud formation• The cooling of water vapor creates condensed water

vapor• Clouds (tiny water droplets)

• When the droplets become a large enough size, they fall to earth as rain, snow or hail

Water Cycle• Water on land Runoff Oceans/Lakes/Ponds• Groundwater

• Enters plants through roots• Transpiration• Leaf “pores” – stomata

• Re-enters atmosphere