RETURN MIGRATION IN CHINA: A Rural Development Opportunity?
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Transcript of RETURN MIGRATION IN CHINA: A Rural Development Opportunity?
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RETURN MIGRATION IN CHINA:A Rural Development Opportunity?
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CHINA TODAY
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2 URBANIZATION
INDUSTRIALISATION(HEAVY & LIGHT)
1HEAVY INDUSTRY
PORT DEVELOPMENT
CITIES & PORTS RURAL
CHEAPLABOR
(MALES)
CHEAPLABOR
(MALES& FEMALES)
EXPORTS
EXPORTS
MODERNIZATION IN CHINA STAGES 1 & 2 COMBINED
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THE RURAL CONTRIBUTION
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=RURAL MIGRANT WORKERS
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THE RURAL FACTOR
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PEOPLE LEFT BEHIND
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PEOPLE LEFT BEHIND...
WOMEN
ELDERY
CHILDREN
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MODERNIZATION IN CHINA
INDUSTRIAL
TRANSFORMATION
* UPGRADING
* INNOVATION
* CONTINUED
URBANIZATION
RURAL
RATIONALIZATION
* STIMULATE
CONSUMPTION
* FARM
ENLARGEMENT
ETC
EXPORTS
CONSUMER GOODS
CHEAP LABOUR
STAGE 3---JUST BEGINNING?
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RETURN MIGRANT WORKERS
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RETURN MIGRANT LABOR
A Returnee is someone who returns from “away” and stays at home for one growing season (approximately 6-8 months)
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WHAT CAN RURAL MIGRANT WORKERS DO?
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RECESSION
In the recession, many return migrants find work locally or regionally
This represents a change in the geographical pattern of worker migration
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Strategy One: Infrastructure
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Strategy Two: Rural Consumption
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WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL OF RETURN MIGRANT WORKERS TO STIMULATE LOCAL
GROWTH?
• Savings
• More open (worldly)
• Ability to innovate
Nb. Most effort (so far) goes into farming.
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Strategy Three:MICRO-CREDIT PROGRAMS
• These programs work but not on a loan basis.
• Micro programs need client support.
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RURAL CHINA in REVIEW
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RURAL WOMEN
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RURAL MEN
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ROLE RELATIONS BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN?
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RESOURCE RESEVOIRS(RESEVOIR THEORY)
RESEVOIR AVAILABLE WATER
RURAL CHINA
AVAILABLE LABOUR
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THE MORE THINGS CHANGE THE MORE THEY STAY THE SAME.
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The Rural Development Challenge
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Rural Development
is a means to bring focus to the growth
of the rural economy for the betterment
of all rural society.
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Rural Development
• R.D is NOT about sector development
(Not about agriculture, health, mining) ,but
about combining these sectors into a
coherent whole, though horizontal
integration of sectors.
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Two Methods
• RURAL PROOFING of existing
development programs
• NEW Rural Development Programs
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THREE OPPORTUNITIES
URBANISATION
ENERGY
FOOD
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REGIONAL AND LOCAL SCALE
• PLACE-BASED POLICY
• DEVELOP OWN ASSETS
“SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL”
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TWO LOCAL /REGIONAL APPROACHES
• SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS
• COMMUNITY FUTURES PROGRAM (REVOLVING LOANS)
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is intentional, joins both macro and
micro together (both policies and
programs ), and is based on public
investments not subsidies and
supports.
Rural Development