RESPIRATORY SYSTEMRESPIRATORY SYSTEM

PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMSYSTEM

Nasal CavityNasal Cavity EpiglottisEpiglottis PharynxPharynx Larynx Larynx Trachea Trachea LungsLungs DiaphragmDiaphragm

NASAL CAVITYNASAL CAVITY

The nostrils or nares are usually locatedThe nostrils or nares are usually located in the in the openings of the nose. Mucus Membranes warm openings of the nose. Mucus Membranes warm and moisten the air while cilia trap inhaled and moisten the air while cilia trap inhaled particles.particles.

PHARYNXPHARYNX The human pharynx is the part of the throat situated The human pharynx is the part of the throat situated

immediately behind the mouth and the nasal cavity. The immediately behind the mouth and the nasal cavity. The pharynx is where the nasal cavities, oral cavities converge. pharynx is where the nasal cavities, oral cavities converge. Both food and air are passed into the pharynx.Both food and air are passed into the pharynx.

EPIGLOTTISEPIGLOTTIS The epiglottis is a The epiglottis is a

cartilaginous valve that covers cartilaginous valve that covers the entry of the larynx the entry of the larynx preventing food from entering preventing food from entering it and the trachea. it and the trachea.

When inhaling the epiglottis When inhaling the epiglottis remains opened.remains opened.

The epiglottis closes when food The epiglottis closes when food gets swallowed. This prevents gets swallowed. This prevents food from obstructing the food from obstructing the larynx.larynx.

TRACHEATRACHEA

The trachea (or windpipe) is the bony tube that connects The trachea (or windpipe) is the bony tube that connects the nose and mouth to the lungs. When an individual the nose and mouth to the lungs. When an individual breathes, air that is caught flows into the lungs through the breathes, air that is caught flows into the lungs through the

trachea.trachea.

LARYNXLARYNX The larynx, commonly called The larynx, commonly called

the voice box, is located at the the voice box, is located at the top of the trachea.top of the trachea.

The larynx houses the vocal The larynx houses the vocal cords which are an essential cords which are an essential component of phonation component of phonation (making sound).(making sound).

The vocal cords are folds of The vocal cords are folds of membrane stretched across the membrane stretched across the larynx. They vibrate when air larynx. They vibrate when air passes by causing a sound.passes by causing a sound.

LUNGSLUNGSOnce air progresses through the Once air progresses through the trachea, it branches into two tubes trachea, it branches into two tubes called the bronchi which lead to a called the bronchi which lead to a lung.lung.

Once in a lung the bronchi keep Once in a lung the bronchi keep branching into smaller and smaller branching into smaller and smaller tubes known at bronchioles.tubes known at bronchioles.

LungsLungs

The bronchioles The bronchioles have air sacs at the have air sacs at the end.end.

Each air sac is called Each air sac is called an alveolus (pularal an alveolus (pularal aveoli)aveoli)

LungsLungs

Each Alveolus is encapsulated by capillaries Which allows oxygen to diffuse into the blood And carbon dioxide to diffuse out of the blood.

CiliaCilia

Along the Bronchi and down into the Along the Bronchi and down into the lungs are little hairs called cilia lungs are little hairs called cilia (microtubules).(microtubules).

These act as a filter catching These act as a filter catching chemicals and substances that are chemicals and substances that are not supposed to get into your body.not supposed to get into your body.

LUNGSLUNGS

The lungs are the essential breathing organs in many The lungs are the essential breathing organs in many animals. animals.

The lungs are located in the chest on either side of the The lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. heart.

Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the air into the bloodstream and release carbon dioxide from air into the bloodstream and release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the air. the bloodstream into the air.

This exchange of gases is accomplished by the mosaic of This exchange of gases is accomplished by the mosaic of specialised cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally specialised cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli.thin-walled air sacs called alveoli.

BreathingBreathing

Breathing in is called Inspiration.Breathing in is called Inspiration. Breathing out is called expiration.Breathing out is called expiration.

DIAPHRAGMDIAPHRAGM It is a dome-shaped muscle that It is a dome-shaped muscle that

separates the chest cavity and the separates the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity.abdominal cavity.

When the diaphragm contracts it When the diaphragm contracts it pushes down on the abdomen pushes down on the abdomen and other chest muscles push the and other chest muscles push the ribs out making more room for ribs out making more room for the lung.the lung.

Then the chest muscles and Then the chest muscles and diaphragm relax and the diaphragm relax and the diaphragm moves up.diaphragm moves up.

DiaphragmDiaphragm

Hiccups are caused by the Hiccups are caused by the diaphragm spamming. diaphragm spamming.

The vocal cords snap shut to stop the The vocal cords snap shut to stop the sudden inward flow of air making the sudden inward flow of air making the hiccup sound.hiccup sound.

http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/studentresources/AnatomyofBreathing3.swf

Breathing AnimationBreathing Animation

INHALATIONINHALATION

Normal respirations are 10 to 18 breaths per minute,Normal respirations are 10 to 18 breaths per minute, with each lasting around 2 seconds. with each lasting around 2 seconds.

During vigorous inhalation (at rates exceeding 35 During vigorous inhalation (at rates exceeding 35 breaths per minute), or when approaching respiratory breaths per minute), or when approaching respiratory failure, accessory muscles of respiration are recruited failure, accessory muscles of respiration are recruited for support. for support.

Exercise regularly, this helps to improve the circulation of the blood.Exercise regularly, this helps to improve the circulation of the blood. Eat a well balanced diet..Eat a well balanced diet.. Maintain a healthy weight.Maintain a healthy weight. Live in a clean environment.Live in a clean environment. Avoid smoking cigarettes and second hand smoke. Smoking increases Avoid smoking cigarettes and second hand smoke. Smoking increases

the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease.the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease. Try to reduce stress and tension.Try to reduce stress and tension. Avoid high blood pressure because this can cause heart failure and Avoid high blood pressure because this can cause heart failure and

stroke.stroke.

HEALTHY HABITS FOR CARING HEALTHY HABITS FOR CARING FOR OUR RESPIRATORY SYSTEMFOR OUR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

SmokingSmoking When you smoke the When you smoke the

chemicals in the cigarrett chemicals in the cigarrett kill off all the cilia. kill off all the cilia.

You have just destroyed You have just destroyed your filter system.your filter system.

The tar and harmful The tar and harmful chemicals are now stuck chemicals are now stuck in your lungs and able to in your lungs and able to diffuse into your blooddiffuse into your blood..

LabLab Go to the following websites.Go to the following websites. http://sciencereviewgames.com/srg/games/hs.php?id=137http://sciencereviewgames.com/srg/games/hs.php?id=137 http://sciencereviewgames.com/srg/games/hs.php?id=137http://sciencereviewgames.com/srg/games/hs.php?id=137

Each person must play the labeling Each person must play the labeling game.game.

The basketball website you may play The basketball website you may play as a 2 player game as many times as as a 2 player game as many times as you want.you want.