RESILIENT DESIGN - cdn.ymaws.com · Principal / Multifamily Housing Team Leader RESILIENT DESIGN....

Rachelle MacurSenior Sustainability Advisor

Michael LevinsonPrincipal / Multifamily Housing Team Leader

RESILIENT DESIGN

Building and Operating for the next 50 years

Impacts of Climate Change

Drought25-50% increase in water withdrawal over next 50 years

Flooding Flash flooding expected to triple over the next 100 years in Rocky Mountain range

Severe Winter StormsSevere storms can cause power outages and closures of streets, schools, and businesses

Hail StormsMore than $5 billion in damage in CO in past decade

Extreme HeatAve temperature expected to rise 2-5 degrees F in next 50 years

WildfireFire frequency and intensity increases with rising greenhouse gas emissions

Average temperature is likely to increase by 2-5 °F by 2050

Vulnerable PopulationsExtreme heat episodes in much of the region disproportionately threaten the health and well-being of individuals and populationswho are especially vulnerable… Communicable diseases, ground-level ozone air pollution, dust storms, and allergens can combine with temperature and precipitation extremes to generate multiple disease burdens. US Fourth National Climate Assessment – 2018

Mortality rates expected to increase to annual average of 13,000 by 2050. – Natural Resources Defense Council

DROUGHT WILDFIRES SEVERE STORMSFLOODEXTREME HEATEXTREME HEAT

Heat is one of the biggest climate-related public health threats, according to the CDC

Contributors to Heat Vulnerability

• “Heat Island” effect• Shading vegetation• Neighborhood

demography• Vehicle ownership• Income levels

DROUGHT WILDFIRES SEVERE STORMSFLOODEXTREME HEATEXTREME HEAT

US Water Demand in 2050DROUGHT WILDFIRES SEVERE STORMSFLOODEXTREME HEATEXTREME HEAT

Effects of Drought on the Built Environment

- Water scarcity- Sinking and shifting of land- Expanding and shrinking soil- Flash floods

CO River Compact allocated water rights based on river flow from 1897 -1922

Recent river flow has been 1/3 of the 17 million acre feet allocated

Likelihood of a “megadrought” happening before 2100 at 70% (35 yrs)

DROUGHT WILDFIRES SEVERE STORMSFLOODEXTREME HEAT DROUGHT

Wildfire and Air Quality

“In the last few years, we’ve seen enormous spikes in episodes where wildfires contribute to pollution,” said Janice Nolen [American Lung Association]. “It doesn’t have to be a continuous problem every day to be unhealthy. It can be that a spike happens for a few days of difficult breathing that shorten lives.”

DROUGHT WILDFIRES SEVERE STORMSFLOODEXTREME HEAT WILDFIRES

FLOODDROUGHT WILDFIRES SEVERE STORMSEXTREME HEAT

DENVER


DENVER17%of homes hit by the 2013

floods were outside of the mapped floodplain

• FEMA flood maps based on historical data only

• Takes 2-3 years to update a region

• Study shows actual risk is 3x higher than what is shown in FEMA flood maps

DROUGHT WILDFIRESEXTREME HEAT

70% of Major Power Outages Caused by Severe StormsFLOOD SEVERE STORMS

Fresh air that doesn’t impede lung function

Space temperatures within safe parameters

Access to potable water

Ability to evacuate to safety

Critical Mission Risks

Real Estate Risk Factors• Catastrophes

• Increased Insurance Premiums• Capital Expenditures• Higher Operating Costs• Decrease in liquidity and value of

buildings

• Transitional Risks• Locational decrease in value• Obsolescence of assets

“Investors acknowledge that using insurance as the main protection for asset value is not an effective solution to mitigate the risk of devaluation, particularly because premiums currently are largely based on historical analysis and are not likely to consider future climate risk.”

“A plus-4-degree C world is not insurable”

– ULI, Climate Risk and Real Estate Investment Decision-Making

Redundancy and diversity Simple, passive, flexible Durability Locally available, renewable,

and reclaimed Social equity and community

Resiliency Principles

DESIGN STRATEGIES

Heat IntensityHeat Waves, Heat Intensity, Extreme Temperatures

Insulation• Continuous insulation around building’s envelope.• Air handler and ductwork also be within the thermal

envelope.

Windows • Small windows that minimize the heat gain, particularly on

the west side of a building. • The main windows of a building, for both light and

ventilation, should face north and south. • Double pane argon filled in non-metal framing.

Shading• Shading over windows subject to heat gain. Awning works

well on east and west-facing windows where the sun strikes lower. Overhangs are effective on the southern face with the sun is at its highest.

• Install exterior shades, interior blinds and curtains, and provide shade near windows with vegetation.

EnvelopeDROUGHT WILDFIRES SEVERE STORMSFLOODEXTREME HEATEXTREME HEAT

• Consider sizing cooling systems with higher design temperatures in mind• Portable evaporative cooling systems may be a good back-up solution,

especially for vulnerable populations

Cooling SystemsDROUGHT WILDFIRES SEVERE STORMSFLOODEXTREME HEATEXTREME HEAT

Providing control for residents of their home so that they can be comfortable even during power outage, extreme heat, and peak energy use times. Strategies include:• Ceiling fans: Moving air evaporates

moisture from our skin, cooling the skin surface

• Interior shading and drapes – black out shades

• Operable windows to provide for natural ventilation – consider cross ventilation through unit layout and building shape.

In-Unit ControlDROUGHT WILDFIRES SEVERE STORMSFLOODEXTREME HEATEXTREME HEAT

• Spaces in building for heatwave respite and survival. Highly insulated, well-shaded cool rooms with little window areas and effective cooling system –preferably with backup electricity supply.

Spaces of RespiteDROUGHT WILDFIRES SEVERE STORMSFLOODEXTREME HEATEXTREME HEAT

DROUGHT

Drought Mitigation: Water Efficiency

Reduce indoor water consumption

Greywater reuse

Rainwater harvesting & on-site water storage Install low-flow equipment

Low flow faucets & showers Low flow or composting toilets Waterless urinals Water efficient appliances

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WILDFIRES SEVERE STORMSEXTREME HEAT

Site Water ManagementFLOOD

Green infrastructure to allow stormwater to replenish ground water

Xeriscape to reduce need for watering landscape

Plant drought-tolerant native plants and trees to provide shade

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Permeable paving allows

precipitation to replenish ground

water supply instead of being

funneled into storm sewer.

Providing shade, especially for

riparian areas, helps reduce the

rate of evapo-transpiration.

Use water-efficient, native species of trees.

Install bioswalesto collect and

filter stormwaterfrom impervious

areas and gutters, allowing

stormwater to recharge the groundwater

supply.

DROUGHT

When soil undergoes dramatic changes in moisture, such as extended periods of dryness followed by a period of moisture, the shrinking and expanding of the soil can cause foundations to shift, crack, and sink.

Some smart decisions can help minimize the effects:1. Plant trees a safe distance away from foundation, to

reduce unevenness of the ground due to future tree root systems.

2. Plant smaller plants, such as flowers and shrubs, around the base of the foundation to help retain moisture and keep the area shaded.

3. Avoid building on areas with a high slope or known to have shifting land. High clay content soils are also more susceptible to shifting due to moisture loss.

4. Inspect the foundation regularly for damage.5. Investigate non-traditional foundation options that are

more resilient to shifting soil.


Foundation Considerations

WILDFIRE & AIR QUALITY

DROUGHT SEVERE STORMSEXTREME HEAT

Wildfire MitigationFLOODWILDFIRES

MITIGATION EFFORTS

Primary determinants of a home’s ability to survive a fire are roofing material and surrounding defensible space.

- Break up continuity of horizontal and vertical fuel sources

- Replace wood shingled roofs with non-combustible material

- Prescribed fire control (burns)

Homes with 30’ defensible space and non-combustible roofs have a 85% survival rate in the event of a wildfire.


Indoor Air QualityFLOODWILDFIRES

• Check filters for dust and debris buildup at least every month during heavy smoke seasons, consider pre-filter.

• Mechanical Supply or Balanced Ventilation with minimum MERV 8 filters

• Educate occupants about when to use natural ventilation in emergency situations –run AC with fresh air intake closed off, keep windows and doors closed, close fireplace dampers


Indoor Air QualityFLOODWILDFIRES


CommissioningFLOODWILDFIRES

Floods


Flood Mitigation

Dry floodproofing: Seals buildings to keep water out

Wet floodproofing: Allows unoccupied portions of building to be flooded


Elevate mechanical equipmentBoilers, furnaces, water heaters, fuel storage tanks, elevator machine rooms, ductwork, electrical systems.

If not on roof, on raised platform.

Elevate living spacesReserve sub-DFE for parking, storage, entryways

Stormwater managementPermeable paving, green roofs and bioswales infiltrate excess stormwater

Floodwater ventsAllow water to flood lower levels

Wet Floodproofing for New Construction


Backwater valvesPrevent sewage backflow

Sump pumpsRemove water that accumulates at lowest point in building

Low-cost Retrofit Floodproofing Measures

Protect mechanical equipmentBuild barrier around critical systems if it can’t be elevated


Flood risk measures = lower insurance premiums

25% DISCOUNT

15% DISCOUNT

Winter Storms

DROUGHT WILDFIRESEXTREME HEAT

Passive Survivability FLOOD SEVERE STORMS

Backup power + disaster preparedness planFuel-fired backup generators, solar with battery storage, micro-gridSnow removal plan for building ingress/egress

High performance building enclosure in case of power outagePassive solar strategies (orientation, thermal mass, high SHGC windows)Tighter, higher performance envelopes (durability for hailstorms)

Provide access to potable waterRooftop storage, gravity-fed

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3 Strategies to address winter storm occurrences:

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT MANUAL

• Site details• Vulnerabilities assessment• Contacts and Communication plan• Emergency procedures• Roles & Responsibilities

CREATING COMMUNITY RESILIENCEPrepare for anticipated hazards, adapt to changing conditions, and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptions

Resident Education & Engagement

Stakeholder Incentives to Invest in Resilience Measures

Home / Building Owner: Reduced insurance premium, tax reduction, later building owners may pay more for resilient buildings. Reduced repair costs, accelerated recovery, reduced chance of mortgage default

Occupant: Enhanced safetyBuilder: Increased market value of buildingInsurer: Reduced portfolio riskLoan Provider / Financer: Increased loan security, increased financing

opportunities, asset risk reduction

Benefit-Cost Ratio of Mitigation Strategies

Resilient Design in Green Building Certification Standards

• LEED ReLi credits• Passive House Institute• Army Corps of Engineers• Enterprise Green

Communities• International Green

Construction Code (IgCC)

Resilience starts with strong, regularly updated, and properly implemented building codes.- International Code Council (ICC)

Q & A

Michael LevinsonPrincipal

Group14 Engineering, PBC(720) 221-1077

[email protected]

Rachelle MacurSenior Sustainability AdvisorGroup14 Engineering, PBC

(720) [email protected]

RESILIENT DESIGN - cdn.ymaws.com · Principal / Multifamily Housing Team Leader RESILIENT DESIGN....

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