Eco-Challenge Research

Matt Hoffman, Rachael Swenson, Diane Kim

Location Mombasa, Kenya

The founding of Mombasa is associated with two rulers: Mwana Mkisi and Shehe Mvita.

Mombasa is the second-largest city in Kenya.

Mombasa is Kenya's chief port and an important commercial and industrial center.

It has a major port and an international airport.

Manufactures include processed food, cement, and glass.

The city has a population of 727,842

Mombasa is located on Mombasa Island, which is separated from the mainland by two creeks: Tudor Creek and Kilindini Harbour.

Local industries include an oil refinery and the Bamburi Cement factory.

Weather in Mombasa

The average temperature in Mombasa, Kenya is 26.3 °C (79 °F).

Mombasa's climate receives an average of 1162 mm (45.7 in) of rainfall per year, or 97 mm (3.8 in) per month.

Average sunlight hours in Mombasa range between 6.6 hours per day in May and 9.2 hours per day in February.

There are an average of 2990 hours of sunlight per year with

http://www.climatetemp.info/kenya/mombasa.html

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_C_wadBS6-ek/SEl6jQYvsXI/AAAAAAAADfI/-UVK-oApMXU/S660/Kenya_map_LBR_10408.jpg

an average of 8.2 hours of sunlight per day.

Water Supply Only 9 out of 55 water service

providers in Kenya provide continuous water supply.

Estimates from the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) show that in 2008 59% of Kenyans had access to improved drinking water sources.

19% of Kenyans are reported as having access to piped water through a house or yard connection.

http://www.kenya-advisor.com/images/schoolchildren-mombasa-kenya-all2497115.jpg

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AAAAAAAAAcc/T-tOPyYKGfc/s1600/mombasa%2BPublic%2Bbeach%2BKenya.jpg

NeedsMajor infectious diseases:

Degree of risk : high Food or waterborne diseases :

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

Vector borne disease : malaria and Rift Valley fever

Water contact disease : schistosomiasis

Complications of schistosomiasis:

•Bladder cancer•Chronic kidney failure•Chronic liver damage and an enlarged spleen•Colon (large intestine) inflammation with bloody diarrhea•Kidney and bladder obstruction•Pulmonary hypertension•Repeated blood infections can occur, because bacteria can enter the bloodstream through an irritated colon•Right-sided heart failure•Seizures

-Other pressing challenges include high unemployment, crime and poverty.

-Most Kenyans live below the poverty level of $1 a day.

-According to Kenyan health services, about 25% of children under the age of 5 suffer from diarrhea, mostly caused by water borne pathogens.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_00lZkWvd9QE/TKL57TOL3DI/AAAAAAAABJA/3U86pEVP5jU/s1600/g1_u56087_kenyan_poverty.jpg

http://feelthebyrnes.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/img_13181.jpg

A solar cooker made from an automotive window shade. The cooker will reach temperatures around 350 degrees.

The cooker works by concentrating the power of the sun onto a small area in which a pot or other implement is placed. Under strong sunlight, a liter of tap water can be brought to a rolling boil in about 10 minutes.

A solar cooker comprised of cardboard wrapped in aluminum foil with a cooking pot in the middle. The cooking pot is placed in a heat-resistant bag.

The heat-resistant bag prevents heat from escaping.

The curve shape provides maximum sunlight reflection towards the pot.

We like that this design allows anything to be heated, not just a cooking pot.

This design is similar to the first one but it requires much less material.

This design is much more efficient than the others as it concentrates the light onto the water.

Current Viable Solutions

The solar water distiller basically uses sunlight to heat water, which then evaporates and condenses on the wide glass pane, and then drops down into a large glass bottle.

This design is easy to build and

does not require a lot of materials.

This design is convenient since it has a continuous supply of raw water. There is no need to refill the container of water.

Calculations

Design 1 Surface Area: 290.2127 Volume: 864

Design 2 Surface Area: 50.2654 Volume: 301.59

Design 3 Surface Area: 53 Volume: 30.51 A standard water bottle holds 16.9 ounces of water (2.125in x 8in). Has about 53 sqare inches of surface area

(not including bottom or most of top) Approximately 3:1 ratio of area to volume

Depth vs. Surface AreaBest Design 1---Design 2---Design 3 Worst

Surface Area vs. Volume Best Design 3---Design 1---Design 2 Worst

Amount of light per day Best Design 2---Design 3---Design 1 Worst

Bibliography

24 in.

9 in. 6 in.

Inner Container: 10 in. diameter

Outer container: 12 in. diameter.

Al-Sayyad, Nezar. "Mombasa." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 10 Feb. 2011.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasa>.

"BBC News - Kenya Country Profile." BBC - Homepage. Web. 10 Feb. 2011.

<http://www.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1024563.stm>.

"CIA - The World Factbook." Welcome to the CIA Web Site — Central Intelligence Agency. Web.

10 Feb. 2011. <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html>.

"Kenya: History, Geography, Government, and Culture." Infoplease.com. Web. 10 Feb. 2011.

"Liquid Promotions | Custom Labeled Bottled Water | Custom Bottled Water | Custom Labeled

Bottled Water | Custom Water Bottle Labels - Personalized Bottle Water-Water Bottle Labels."

Liquid Promotions | Custom Labeled Bottled Water | Custom Bottled Water | Custom Labeled

Bottled Water | Custom Water Bottle Labels - Water Bottle Labels | Label Water. Web. 14 Feb.

2011. <http://www.customlabeledbottledwater.com/our_label___pricing>.

"Mombasa Climate, Temperature, Average Weather History, Rainfall/ Precipitation, Sunshine."

World Weather and Climate Graphs, Average Climate Charts, Guide to Precipitation,

Temperatures, Best, Friendly, Holiday Climate. Web. 10 Feb. 2011.

<http://www.climatetemp.info/kenya/mombasa.html>.

"PubMed Health - Schistosomiasis." Web. 10 Feb. 2011.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002298>.

"Solar Distiller." The Farm. Web. 10 Feb. 2011.

<http://www.thefarm.org/charities/i4at/surv/sstill.htm>.

"Solar Water Distiller -- Solar Still Plans." HubPages. Web. 10 Feb. 2011.

<http://hubpages.com/hub/solar-water-distiller-solar-still>.

NTVKenya