Research to practice: Evidence-based inclusive design

8/3/2019 Research to practice: Evidence-based inclusive design

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B02

Research to Practice:Evidence-based inclusive

design

www.HumanCenteredDesign.org

November 17, 2011Socially Sustainable Design

Build Boston


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TheBostonSocietyofArchitects/AIAisaRegisteredProviderwithThe

AmericanIns6tuteofArchitectsCon6nuingEduca6onSystems.Credit

earnedoncomple6onofthisprogramwillbereportedtoCESRecordsfor

AIAmembers.Cer6ficatesofComple6onfornon-AIAmembersare

availableonrequest.

ThisprogramisregisteredwiththeAIA/CESforcon6nuingprofessional

educa6on.Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedor

construedtobeanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialof

construc6onoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distribu6ng,or

dealinginanymaterialorproduct.Ques6onsrelatedtospecific

materials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionof

thispresenta6on.

Welcome


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Thispresenta6onisprotectedbyUSandInterna6onalCopyrightlaws.

Reproduc6on,distribu6on,displayanduseofthepresenta6onwithout

wriHenpermissionofthespeakerisprohibited.

Ins6tuteforumanCenteredDesign,2011

Copyright Materials


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Session Objectives

Exploretheimpactofdesignchoicesonhumanperformanceandexperience.

Learnaboutaccessingreliabledigitalandprintresourcesforcurrentdesignresearch.

Learnaboutcurrentresearchfindingsspecificallyfocusedonligh6ng,acous6cs,wayfindingandpublichealth.

Explorecasestudiesthatillustrateintegra6onofinclusivedesignresearchfindingsintoprac6ce.


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Aninterna6onalnonprofitbasedinBostondedicated

toenhancingtheexperiencesofpeopleofallagesand

abili6esthroughexcellenceindesign.


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Presenters

Dak Kopec, Ph.D, MS Arch., MCHES Chris Jones, LEED AP, HERS, IECC, CSI, Inc. IIDA Janet R. Carpman, Ph.D Patricial Rizzo, MSc, LEED AP, Assoc. IALD Gina Hilberry, AIA, LEED (Moderator)



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ResearchtoPrac6ce:

Evidence-basedinclusivedesign



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Presenters

Dak Kopec, Ph.D, MS Arch., MCHES



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Presenters

Chris Jones, LEED AP, HERS, IECC, CSI, Inc. IIDA



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Presenters

Janet R. Carpman, Ph.D



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Presenters

Patricial Rizzo, MSc, LEED AP, Assoc. IALD



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LINKING USER RESEARCH& ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

Janet R. Carpman, PhD

Carpman Grant Associates

Wayfinding Consultants

Ann Arbor, Michigan

www.wayfinding.com


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What are the benefits for designers?

Seeing a particular issuein new ways

Understanding nuances Getting specific, useful

feedback on design

alternatives

Stimulating thinking& creativity

Making clients happier bydesigning environments that

are socially sustainable

Designing wonderful placesthat function well over time


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Where/how can you get it?

Hire experts Read books, journal

articles, websites

Make in-depth site visits

Join professionalorganizations,

attend conferences

outside your own industry

Gather informationyourself


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What are the obstacles?

Time Money

Internal politics(in clients organizationsor your own)

Educational background/professional training

Willingness to admit lackof knowledge


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What are the costs of doing without it?

Costly retrofitting Higher operational costs Complaints Low user satisfaction

scores

Lost business Unhappy staff Negative impacts on

users


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Project Example #1

University of Michigan Medical Center


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Patient & Visitor Participation Project

6 year effort 33 studies, 3000+ users Range of issues Researchers were integral

to design process

One of the first data-basedbodies of user/design

knowledge

Influenced design decisions


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Initial Impacts of the PVP project

A focus of the marketingcampaign

Positive anecdotal reports Client was happy Project was highly

publicized, won awards

Resulting book still inprint after 25 years


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Lessons Learned: U of M Project

Researchers can be mosteffective when they arean integral part of the

design process

Researchers need tounderstand and skillfully

work with organizationalpolitics

Users can meaningfullyparticipate in designthrough research

Researchrecommendations needto be clear, timely, doable


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Project Example #2

Massachusetts State House


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Wayfinding Analyses,

Masterplanning, Implementation

Focused on navigation needsof all users, including thosewith disabilities many

reported problems!

High-profile, historic building,challenging circulation

Diverse users Limited budget


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How CGA gathered information

about users needs

Visitor interviews Management interviews Staff focus groups, surveys Detailed exterior

& interior wayfinding

environmental analyses

Frequent client feedback Review of sign & map

mockups


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Impacts of the wayfinding project

Sign and map designwere influenced byresearch findings (as well

as by other issues)

Anecdotal reports werepositive

Client was happy withprocess and newwayfinding system


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Lessons Learned: State House Project

Wayfinding ease can beimproved even in themost challengingarchitectural &operational environments

Wayfinding systemdesign doesnt need tocompromise function oraesthetics

Ongoing audit/evaluationis needed as situations,locations, priorities

change

Needs of people withdisabilities can and

should be addressed by awayfinding system


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Resources


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Onedaymanwillbeforcedto

fightnoiseasrelentlesslyascholeraandtheplague

ROBERTKOCH

1905NobelLaureate&FounderofModernBacteriology

ChrisJones,LEEDAP,HERS,CSI,Ind.IIDA

Ecophon

SalesManagerforNorthAmerica

CertainTeedCeilings

BuildBoston

November2011


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oFewstandardsoNeedforbeermetricsoOlderbuildingtechnologiesoUnderstandingofvalue

LimitaVonsforgoodacousVcsinUSA


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People

82%

Techology

10%

Operation

5%Workplace

3%

HelenaJahncke,Ph.D.

CenterforBuiltEnvironment

UniversityofGvle

Whataretherealcostsofanoffice?


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Complex,

Concentration

workPhone

Meetings

HelenaJahncke,Ph.D.

CenterforBuiltEnvironment

UniversityofGvle

Concentrating

Talking

HowpeoplespendtheirVmeinanoffice


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Halfthenoiseresultsin

halfthecontextualerrors(35dbavs.5570dba)

40%reducVoninnoiseresultsinnearly70%moredifficult

taskscompleted(40dbavs.65dba)

AcousVcsaffectonconcentraVonandproducVvity


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EricaE.Ryherd

AssistantProfessor

GeorgiaInsVtuteofTechnology

HeartRate

22%

RespiratoryRate

47%

BloodPressure

63%

Physiologicalaffectofnoisyroomsinhealthcare

50db


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RogerUlrich

ProfessorofArchitecture

TexasA&M,ChalmersUniversity

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

World Health in 1960 in 2005

X1,000

X3,000

noisy

Noiseinhealthcare


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0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

low(40-50dB) middle(50-60dB) high(60-70dB)

Intakeofpainmedicaon

BarbaraBlakeMinckley

StudyofnoiseanditsrelaVonshiptopaVentdiscomfortintherecoveryroom

Theimpactofnoiseonpaininhealthcare


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AcousVcsimpactonhealinghealing

Need for eraly reshospitalisation

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

After 1 month After 3 months *

Reshospitalisation

Proportion

ofpatients

Sound Reflective

Sound Absorbing

Readmissionofpaents


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People

Room Activity

RoomAcousticComfort


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Sound Absorption

Challengeswithmetrics

Sound Transmission

HUMANVOICE85Hzto255Hzadultmalewillhavea

fundamentalfrequencyfrom

85to155Hz,

typicaladultfemalefrom165

to255Hz


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EN-ISO11654:1997

125Hz

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

01000Hz500Hz 2000Hz 4000Hz250Hz

(MineralFiber)

(Glasswool)A

B

C

D

E

ExamplesofaddiVonalmetrics

d


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LowerSoundPropagaVon

SoundpropagaVon

d


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SoundpropagaVon

S d V


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RogerUlrich

ProfessorofArchitecture

TexasA&M,ChalmersUniversity

RecepVon

WaiVng

PaVent

100.

yourdadwillnotmakeit

SoundpropagaVon

Di i


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Goodacouscscontributestogreaterhumanperformance

oProducVvityoHealthandhealingoEfficiencyo

CommunicaVon

Importantfactorsindesignandengineering

oRoomacousVcsoAenVontohumanvoiceoReducVonofsoundpropagaVon

Discoveries


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All fine architectural values are human values, else not valuable.

- Frank Lloyd Wright

H n


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R

ESEARCHFORB

ETTERH

EALTH

DakKopec,Ph.D.M

S.Arch.,MCHES

AssociateProfessor,

N

ewSchoolofArchitectureandDesign


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SUSTAINABILITY

HEALTH

SymptomManifestaons

QualityofLife

+

=

S O S


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SUMMERHOUSE

HomeforResidentsSufferingfromAlzheimer'sDisease

IS THERE A MARKET


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MANUFACTURING

HUMAN

CONDITION

I

WH

ATISAV

AILABL

E

ISTHEREAMARKET

HOWDO

PEOPL

EUSE

D E S I G N T H I N K I N G

AdaptedFrom:ReadyMadenews;AnIllu

stratedWeeklyofWorldDesign,27October2009

h

p://readymade.typepad.co

m/readymade_news/design

-thinking/


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HUMANFIRSTLITERATURE

HUMAN


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STARTWITHHUMANS

DiseaseSymptoms

BehaviorPaerns

SunDowning

Stalling Escapism

Rummaging&Hiding

RepeveBehavior

TECHNOLOGYCurrentSystems

Acve(electronic)

Passive(design)

BUSSINESS

Finance

CodesRegulaons

BIM MODELING


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BIMMODELING

ANTICIPATORY


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DEAD ENDS CAN LEAD TO STALLING


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BUDGETCONSTRAINTS

RUMMAGING


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RUMMAGING

&HIDINGLITERATUREReview

INTERVIEWING


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Administrator,DirectorofNursing,&FamilyMembers

INTERVIEWING

REPEAT THE PROCESS


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REPEATTHEPROCESS


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DAKKOPEC

[email protected]


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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.

Lighting: Research to PracticeDesign & Science = Sustainability

Patricia Rizzo, MScLighting Research Center

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

www.lrc.rpi.edu

November 17, 2011

BUILDBOSTON


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Night and Day


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Night and Day

Li ht hi t


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www.photos.com

Light history


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Circadian system


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Circadian system

circa = about; dies = day

Adapted from IESNA Handbook

Light and human performance


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Light and human performanceVision + Circadian + Perception

Intensity Spectrum DurationDistribution Timing

Appearance Visual SystemVisual

Performance

Performance,Well-being,Satisfaction,and Comfort

Alerting Effects Circadian System Phase Shift

Intensity Spectrum DurationDistribution Timing

Culture,Experience,Expectations

IESNA. 9th ed

7

Spectrum


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Spectrum

8

Blue Light Emitting Diode (LED) SPD

0.0

0.5

1.0

380 450 520 590 660 730Wavelength (nm)

Relativespectralpowerdistribution

A blue LED has at least four times the circadianefficacy of a 3000 K lamp, and at least twice the

efficacy of a 7500 K lamp

Light history contrast!


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Light historycontrast!

w Sensitivity to light at night (for melatoninsuppression) will change depending on the amountof light exposure during the day (Herbert et al.,2002; Lynch et al., 1985)


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Who does this affect?

Jet lag


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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.11

Night shiftworkers

Adolescentssleeppatterns

Sleep disorders

Neonatalintensive

care units

Sportsperformance

Seasonal affective

disorder

Space

travel

Breast

cancer

Older adults

sleep patterns


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Lighting for NICUs

3 Diverse Populations


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Accommodate the 24 hour working environment of 3

distinctly different groups of people-newborn: cycled lighting

-healthcare professionals: visual/circadian needs

-family members: comforting environment

3 Diverse Populations

Google images

Google images

Single Family Room


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Single-Family Room (Boekelheide NICU at Sanford Childrens Hospital) (courtesy of Dr. Dennis Stevens)

Single Family Room


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Lighting for Adolescents

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Light and daylight in schools


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Light and daylight in schoolsUSGBC research grant

w Hypothesis Lack of morning light (or too much

evening light) will delay dim light

melatonin onset resulting in: Later bedtimes Shorter sleep times Reduced performance and mood

16

Orange goggles to filter out short blue wavelength

in order to simulate dimlight melatonin onset test

melatonin levels through saliva collection

Sponsor: USGBC

Lux at the eye: Daysimeter


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Lux at the eye: Daysimeter

first device to characterize light accurately bymeasuring spectrally weighted intensity, as well as

timing and duration, of circadian light entering the eye,

which affects the human bodys clock

NIH# 1R01OH008171

NIH # 1U01DA023822-01

a erns o ay g c oo s orPeople and Sustainability


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People and Sustainability USGBC GrantFinal Outcomes

Dashboard

18

http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/pdf/DaylightingPatternBook_Final.pdf

w Collaboration withBrown University

Red Below 50%Red < 80%


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Red Below 50%

Yellow 50-79%

Green 80-100%

Red Above 20%

Yellow 10-20%

Green Below 10%

Red No view

Yellow Sky

Green Ground & sky

Red Below 10 fc

Yellow 10-49 fc; > 500 fc

Green 50-500 fc

Red < 80% above 10 fc

Yellow 80-99% above 10 fc

Green 100% above 10 fc

Red < 80%

Yellow 80-99%

Green 100%

Red Below 50%

Yellow 50-79%

Green 80-100%

Expressed in btu/ft/day

Classroom Daylighting Dashboard19


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Lighting for Older Adults

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High CCT light therapy


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High CCT light therapy

wAmerican Institute of Architects (AIA) ResearchGrant High circadian stimulation all day and low circadian

stimulation during the evening increased light/dark ratio

in 8 healthy older adults with sleep complaints

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Light/Dark Ratio

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

903 1004 1015 1019 2001 2014 2023

Subject Numbe r

Light/DarkRatio

Baseline 1After Intervention

Light/Dark Ratio

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1

Averag

eratio

Baseline1

After intervention

Figueiro et al. 2008

Product donation: OSRAM SYLVANIA and Hunter Lighting

Lighting for older adults:


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wPostural control was assessed using astandardized sit-to-stand (STS) test

http://www.onbalance.com/neurocom/protocols/functionalLimitation/sts.aspx

Falls risk

Lighting for Older Adults: Falls Risk


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w Four measures were used to assess postural stability andcontrol Sway velocity: Measures sway during the rising phase

and for 5 seconds thereafter; it is expressed in degreesper second

Weight transfer: Measures the time in secondsrequired to transfer from a sitting to a standingposition

Rising index: Measures the amount of force exerted bythe legs during the rising phase. The force is

expressed as a percentage of the patients body weight Left/right weight symmetry: Measures differences in

the percentage of body weight on each leg whensubjects are transferring from sitting to standing.

Lighting for Older Adults: Falls Risk

Lighting for older adults


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N


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The eyes ability to adapt tochanges in light level

diminishes with age

LIVING SPACES

CORRIDORS& CIRCULATION

RESIDENT UNITS

SUPPORT AREAS

ENTRY/ELEVATOR LOBBY

TransitionZones

N


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Elevatorto

Corrid

ors

Indirect color changing effects using linear LEDs for covelighting


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lighting

Photos: Lighting Research Center Computer Renderings: Lighting Research Center


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1.Elevato

rLobb

y


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2.

Corridors

172 lx

420 lx


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3.

Lou

nge

3


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3.

Media

Room

Low Vision Considerations: Indirectlighting behind low glare monitors for

contrast; dimmable task lighting

Storage closet converted tomedia room

Wayfinding & Reading Lights


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4.R

esiden

tRoom

s

y g g g

XX

Flex arm, hi-lo

settings, 2 beamspreads


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Thank you!

For more information:

www.lrc.rpi.edu

Research to practice: Evidence-based inclusive design

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