Research Powerpoint by Gil

8/13/2019 Research Powerpoint by Gil

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NURSING RESEARCH

Gilbert T. Manacmul R.N.

Jerome Africa R.N.


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RESEARCH

Research means

To Search Again.To examine carefully.

Research seeks answers to questions in anorderly and systematic way.

It is a method of problem solving.

Definition of Research

It is diligent (careful), systematic inquiry orstudy that Validates and refines existingknowledge and develops new knowledge

.

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NURSING RESEARCH

Definitions

A scientific process that validates and

refines existing knowledge and generates

new knowledge that directly and indirectlyinfluences clinical nursing practice.

Nursing research is systematic inquiry

designed to develop knowledge aboutissues of importance to the nursingprofession, including nursing practice,education, administration, and informatics.

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WHAT DOES RESEARCH DO?Research enables nu rses to:

Describe the characteristics of a particularnursing situation about which little is known.

Explain phenomenon that must be considered in

planning nursing care. Predict the probable outcome of certain nursing

decisions made in relation to client care.

Control the occurrence of undesired clientoutcomes.

Initiate, with a fair degree of confidence, activities

that will achieve desired client behavior.4


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WHY DO NURSES NEED RESEARCH? For the continuous growth of nursing profession.

Helps nursing to achieve its own professional

identity.

Helps to identify the boundaries of nursing.

To define the parameters of nursing.

For cost containment practices.

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I STATUS OF RESEARCH IN THE PHILIPPINES

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STATUS OF RESEARCH IN THE PHILIPPINES

In the Philippines, nursing research prior to and duringthe 60s was mostly in nursing administration 51%, andnursing education (33%), while patient care and relatedstudies received minimal attention, with only 13% and 3%respectively.

The teaching of research in the undergraduate level wasintegrated in the curriculum in the mid-sixties. It wasaimed at familiarizing the students with skills in scientificinvestigations, developing a positive attitude towardresearch, and enhancing interest in their own studies.

At this time the only research university in the Philippinesis DLSU and the country is lagging behind from otherAsian countries in the race of producing research studies.

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II EXAMPLE OF CONTRIBUTION TO CLINICALIMPROVEMENT

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EXAMPLE OF CONTRIBUTION TO CLINICALIMPROVEMENT Numerous clinical practice changes over the past 2 decades

reflect the impact of research. For example, a recent nursingstudy documented that Kangaroo care (the holding of diaper-clad preterm infants skin-to-skin, chest-to-chest by parents) nowwidely practiced in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in theUnited States (Engler et al., 2002), but this is new trend. Asrecently as the early 1990s, only a minority of NICUs offeredkangaroo care options. The adoption of this practice reflects theaccumulating evidence that early skin-to-skin contact has clinicalbenefits without any apparent negative side effects (Anderson etal, 2003) some of that accumulated evidence was developed inrigorous studies by nurse researcher in the United States,Australia, Canada, Taiwan, and other countries (Chwo et al,2002).

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III. HISTORY IN NURSING RESEARCH

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HISTORY IN NURSING RESEARCH

Began with Florence Nightingale over 150years ago (1850).

In (1859) describes her initial researchactivities which looked at the importance ofleading environment in promoting physical andmental well being

Ventilation

Cleanliness

Purity of water

Diet

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In addition collected the data of morbidity from CrimeanWar this made the military provide:

Enough food.

Clear quarters for the sick.

Appropriate medical treatment.

These interventions made impact on public health (militaryhelp) drastically reduces mortality from 43% up-to 2% in the Crimean

War.

Testing public water

Improve sanitation

preventing starvation.

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1900- 20s First Journal Published American Journal of

nursing (1900)Case study appeared ( 1920 - 1930)

In-depth analysis and systematic description of onepatient or group to promote understanding ofnursing Research.

Little research done except for a few important

educational studies recommending establishingSchool of nursing in a university. (Gold mark report,1923)

First doctoral program for nurses was at Teachers college inColombia. (NYC) in 1924.

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1950

American Nurse Association (ANA) initiated a

five year study on nursing functions and

activities.

Clinical Research began

Research took on new importance due to vision

of Virginian Henderson & Faye Abdullah;One could see more nurses with Master's degree

and School of Nursing began introducing research

as a separate course

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1952 First Journal Of Nursing Research published.

Researches conducted at Baccalaureate andmasters level.

1953 The institute of Research and services in Nursing

education established at teachers collageColumbia University, New York.Provided learning experience in research for Doctoral

studies.

late 60's saw more research being done thatimported clinical and quality of care

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1970's

Saw nursing process as focus for manystudies.

Saw increase in number of nursing theoriesand models.

Image: Journal of nursing scholarly, firstpublished in 1967 and Advance in nursingscience in 1978 ( Including Nursing Theories)by STTI. To tackle the issue of communication /

dissemination of information

Council of Nurse research establish

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1980's

Clinical research became the important design

in research Saw many new journals being published e.g.

Cancer nursing; Pediatric nursing, Dimension

of critical care nursing etc.., Applied nursingresearch.

Clinical research written priority of the 80's

increase funding for nursing research. The ANA achieved a victory by establishing the

National Center for Nursing Research in 1985.

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Priorities of National Center for Nursing

Research 1999 includes:

Community based nursing models.

Effectiveness of nursing interventions inHIV/AIDS.

Cognitive impairment.

Living with chronic illness.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN NURSING

With evidence based practice, research provides the best clinicalevidence in making patient care decisions.

Nurses are accepting the need to base specific nursing actions anddecisions on evidence indicating that the actions are clinicallyappropriate and cost-effective, and result in positive outcomes forclients.

Nurses who incorporate high-quality research evidence into theirclinical decisions and advice are being professionally accountable totheir clients.

Another reason for nurses to engage in research involves thespiraling costs of health care and the cost-containment practices

being instituted in health care facilities. nurses need to document the effectiveness of their practice not only

to the profession but also to nursing care consumers, health careadministrators, third-party payers (e.g., insurance companies), andgovernment agencies.

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RESEARCH ENABLES NURSES TO

understand a particular nursing situation about whichlittle is known,

assess the need for an intervention,

identify factors that must be considered in planningnursing care,

predict the probable outcomes of certain nursingdecisions,

control the occurrence of undesired outcomes, provide advice to enhance client health, and initiate

activities to promote appropriate client behavior

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V. ROLES OF NURSES IN RESEARCH

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ROLE OF NURSE IN RESEARCH PARTICIPATION AT VARIOUS LEVELS

OF EDUCATION PREPARATION (ANA-1989)

BSN Degree1. Critiquing & synthesizing research findings fromnursing

profession and other discipline for use in practice.

2. Provide valuable assistance in identifying researchproblems

and collecting data for studies.

Master's degree

1. To lead health care teams Making essential changes in nursing practice

Health care system based on research2. Conduct investigations

3. Initial studies in collaboration with other investigators24


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ONTINUEDoc toral Degree

1. Assume a major role in the conduct of research.2. Generation of nursing knowledge in a selected

area of interest.

Extend scientific basis Develop methods to measure nursing phenomena

Post docto ral degree1. Assumed a full researcher role and has a funded

program of research

2. Develop and coordinate funded research 25


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NURSES ROLE IN USING RESEARCH

Read widely and critically

Attend professional conferences

Learn to expect evidence that a procedure is

effective

Become involved in a journal club

Pursue and participate in RU/EBP projects

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VI RESEARCH PRIORITY IN THE FUTURE

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NURSING RESEARCH PRIORITIES

To Improve:

Nursing as a profession

Nursing practice

Patient outcomes

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FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR

NURSING RESEARCH


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1. Future focus is on outcome research

assess and document the

effectiveness of health care services

2. Future focus is on biophysiologicresearch

3. Promotion of evidence based practice

research findings into research

THE FUTURE


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4. Development of a strongerknowledge base thru multiple,confirmatory strategies, Replication

of studies with different clients indifferent clinical settings and atdifferent times to ensure that thefindings are robust.

Trend is from in patient care toambulatory care.


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AREAS OF HIGH PRIORITY FOR NURSE

RESEARCHER

Patient focused research

The management processes within health careservices

Cultural issues for nurses and patients The history of nursing

Ethical decision making

Nursing and professional regulation Education of nurses

Nursing workforce skills mix

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REFERENCES

Polit, D.F., and Bech, C.T. Nursing Research; principles andMethods 7thedition, LWW.

Burns, N., and Grove, S.K. (2007). Understanding NursingResearch; building an evidence based practice 4thedition,

New Delhi, Elsevier. Anonymous, (n.d). Promoting Research in Clinical Practice:

Strategies for Implementing Research Initiatives. Journal ofTrauma Nursing, April/June 2009

Acknowledgements Dr. Fauziya Ali Ph.D Tazeen Saeed Ali RN, RM, BScN, MSc ( Epidemiology)

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