Research Methodology MGT - 3063 TYPES OF RESEARCH MR. I. MAYURRAN.
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Transcript of Research Methodology MGT - 3063 TYPES OF RESEARCH MR. I. MAYURRAN.
Research MethodologyMGT - 3063
TYPES OF RESEARCH
MR. I. MAYURRAN
»Definition – Research.»Natural Science
»Social Science
»Types of Research.»Application
»Objective
»Inquiry Mode
»Research
Classification
»Question Time
CONTENTS.
Business research can be defined as the systematic and objective process of gathering , recording and analyzing data for aid in making business decisions.
Putting some light in the unknown areas of knowledge for your enlightenment to that particular area of knowledge
The purpose of research is to find a solution to a particular type of
problem. Showing the problem a direction towards
solution or to understand our reality more clearly.
Research - Definition
“Research is a systematized effort to
gain new knowledge”. -Redman and Mory.
Natural Science
Pure
Research
BOTANY
ZOLOGY
ANIMAL
SCIENCE
Applied Research
ANIMAL CARE
DENTAL CAREMEDI CARE
Social Science
Pure
Research
HUMAN
RESOURCE
Applied Research
MARKETING
HRM
Types of Research
1Application 2Objective
3Inquiry Mode
Application of the Research Study11
Pure Research
Applied Research
Goal: Expand man’s knowledge (Eg :- which genes control social behavior of human beings? )
Pure Research is also known as basic or Fundamental research.
It is undertaken for the sake of knowledge without any intention to apply it in practice.
Pure research offers solutions to many practical problemsEx: Maslow’s theory of motivation
Pure research develops many alternative solutions and thus enables us to choose the best solution.
Pure Research or Fundamental Research
Applied Research or Action Research Applied Research or Action Research is
carried out to find solution to a real life problem requiring an action or policy decision a society or business faces.
The researcher attempts to solve a known problem and find answers to specific questions.
Aims at solving specific problems & establishing policy programs that will help to improve social life.
Goal: To improve human condition (i.e., improve the world) (e.g., how to care cancers?)
High impact examples: computers, transistors,
vaccinations
Example for Applied Research
A trucking company that is interested in predicting the tonnage of material shipped in the next quarter.
Example
Predicting the tonnage & determining which variables are good predictors of tonnage for the next quarter.
Problem
2Objectives in
Undertaking the Research22 Descriptive
Research
Explanatory Research
Exploratory Research
Causal Research
Descriptive Research
Usually it forms preliminary study of a research project. It aims at describe social events, relations and events
It provides background information about an event in question
It is deal with collecting data and answering questions or interviews or by observation (Survey type research).
Exam
ple
for D
escr
iptiv
e Re
sear
ch
Descriptive Research
To describe characteristics of relevant groups
To estimate the % of units in a specified
population exhibiting a certain behavior
To determine the degree to which the marketing variables are associated
To determine the perceptions of product
characteristics
To make specific predictions
Explanatory Research or Analytical Research
Analytical Research is primarily concerned with testing hypothesis and specifying and interpreting relationships, by analyzing the facts or information already available. (Cause-Effect).
It aims at explaining social relations and events.
To build, test or revise a theory.
Exploratory Research or Formulative Research
It aims at gaining information about an issue in hand.
Objective: to gather preliminary information that will help define problems and suggest hypotheses.
Typical techniques used in exploratory research include Case studies, Observation Historical analysis In-depth interviews Focus Group.
Causal ResearchIt aims at establishing cause and effect relationship among .
The objective of causal research is to test hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships..
It is appropriate for the following purposes: To understand which variables are the cause
(independent variables) and which variables are the effect (dependent variables) of a phenomenon.
To determine the nature of relationship between the causal variables and the effect to be predicted.
The main method of causal research is experimentation.
EXAMPLE
Inquiry Mode 3
33Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research`
‘Qualitative Research…involves finding out what people think, and how they feel - or at any rate, what they say they think and how they say they feel. This kind of information is subjective. It involves feelings and impressions, rather than numbers’
It is based on methodological principals of phenomenology, symbolic, interactionism.
It aims at exploration of social world. Following elements are there
Qualitative Research
Aimed at finding out the quality/kind of a particular phenomenon
Quantitative Research
Research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount. To collect and analyze data to explain, predict, or control phenomena of interest
Describe current conditions Investigate relationships Study causes and effects
It is based on methodological principals of positivism and neo positivism .
It adheres to standards of strict research.
Statistical analysis is used in it.
Other Types of Research One-time Research – Research confined to a single time period. Longitudinal Research – Research carried on over several time periods. Diagnostic Research – It is also called clinical research which aims at
identifying the causes of a problem, frequency with which it occurs and the possible solutions for it.
Theory Testing Research - It aims at testing validity of a theory
Theory Building Research - To establish and formulate theory
Historical Research – The purpose of historical research is to arrive at conclusions concerning trends, causes or effects of past occurrences. This may help in explaining present events and anticipating future events.
Conceptual Research - is generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or ideas to reinterpret existing ones.
Empirical Research - is a data based research which depends on experience or observation alone. It is a data based research with verifiable conclusions.
RESEARCH CLASSIFICATION
PURPOSE
PROCESS
OUTCOME
LOGIC
Base
d on
Pur
pose
Exploratory
• Describe the ideas & insights.
• Ex:-• Our sales are
declining and we don’t know why?.
• Would people be interested in our new product idea?
Descriptive• Describe Market Characteristics or Function.
• Ex:- • What kind of
people are buying our product? Who buys our competitor’s product?
• What features do buyers prefer in our product?
Casual• Determine Cause & effect relationship.
• Ex:-• “Will buyers
purchase more of our products in a new package?
• Which of two advertising campaigns is more effective?
Purpose of The Research – The Reason Why It Was Conducted
Acco
rdin
g to
Pro
cess Process of The Research – The
Way In Which The Data Were Collected And Analyzed
Basic Qualitative QuantitativeTypes of Question Probing Limited probing
Sample Size Small Large
Info. Per Respondent Much Varies
Researcher Skills Requires, skilled researcher
Fewer specialist skills required
Types of Analysis Subjective, interpretative
Statistical
Types of Research Exploratory Descriptive or casual
Method Inductive Deductive
Acco
rdin
g to
Out
com
eOutcome Of The Research – Whether The Expected Outcome Is The Solution To A Particular Problem Or A More General
Contribution To Knowledge.
Applied• Application in the "real
world“.• aims to address and
answer real-world problems.
• Applied research builds on existing basic research.
Pure• Knowledge for the sake
of knowledge.• fundamental bases of
behavior.• considered the
foundation of knowledge
Acco
rdin
g to
Log
icLogic Of The Research – Whether The Research Logic Moves From
The General To The Specific Or Vice Versa
Theory
Hypothesis
Observation
Confirmation
Theory
Tentative Hypothesi
s
Pattern
Observation
Indu
ctive
Deductive
QUESTION TIME
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