Research&

Charts

Sergio Pizziconi

Plan of the day

Plan

- Review - Q&A- How to do research- Charts

- Review - Q&A- How to do research- Charts

EXTRA-CLASS work: readKeep on working on your CVs and cover letter .Start to design your project. [if you send your proposal by

email, pretend it is a “business letter” addressed to me as if we had never met before]

Chapter 5, pp. 189-205 (Interpreting data) [Vs. datum][mark verb and subject] [look for words you might use when comparing two or more sets of data in the same graphical representation]

Cp R WDYMLibrary?

Review 1/6Phonology: Vowels: exercises from /i/ to /a/ and from /u/ to /ɒ/

(lowering your jaw) from /i/ to /u/ mind driven; puff of air (see IPA chart). // Where accent falls is relevant: 1) OBject (n.) – obJECT (v.), 2) if lost, stress the first syllable, you’re likely to sound right. // Stress movement shortens/weakens previously stressed vowels (also in writing): proNOUNce pronunCIAtion // This Miss /s/ unvoiced These Ms. /z/ voiced// “gh” mute (though, thought) OR /f/ (rough, tough)

Review 2/6Morphology: ADJ+lyADV; N+lyADJ // V+er N(s.o./s.t.

does V) // To+N(and most words)V (googleto google; wowto wow) // V + ance/ence N (differ+ence, perfom+ance) // Help+less antonym help+ful //Adj+ en V (to make s.o./s.t Adj) //Adj(max2syll.) + er Adj (comparative: more Adj)Adj(max2syll.) + est Adj (superlative: most Adj)

BUT: good – better – best; bad – worse – worst //Singular: Thesis, Analysis, Hypothesis /s/ unvoicedPlural: Theses, Analyses, Hypotheses /z/ voiced //Datum (sing.) Data (pl.)Criterion, phenomenon (sing.) Criteria, phenomena (pl.)

Review 3/6Syntax: Verbs: transitive Vs. intransitive (Direct object, Indirect object,

Oblique object)// passive Vs. active (mentioned)//AUXILIARY verb for the perfect tenses (actually, aspect) ALWAYS

to have (e.g., Things have changed)BUT: passive voice (e.g., Rules were changed by the CEO) or few

constructions (e.g., are you finished?) //Phrasal verbs. Verb+ ADV or Prep. //

Typical declarative sentence structure: Subj + Verb +…..Typical negative: Subject + do/does/did + not+ V(base form)Typical question: Do/Does/Did + Subject + V(base form)

N.B. When some sort of auxiliary is already in the sentence USE IT instead of adding to do

Emphatic statement Subj +do/does/did +V(base form) //Skoda is…, Italy/France/Japan is… [WITHOUT article] BUT The

United States of America, The United Kingdom, The Netherlands //

Once upon a time there was a small village in the country. The village was…

In light of (mainly US) In the light of (mainly UK) [see FOEs for possessive case and article]//

Review 4/6Syntax: Modal verbs: can, may, will, shall, must, could,

might, would, should + BARE INFINITIVE (without to)Interrogative: MODAL + Subj + BARE INFINITIVE (must I go?)Negative: Subj + MODAL + not + BARE INFINITE (I mustn’t

go, I cannot go OR I can’t go, I won’t go)They do not take to before or after:

WRONG To may, to must, to could… WRONGWRONG I can to go, you may to talk… WRONG

They do not take –s for 3° person singularWRONG he cans do, she mays do… WRONGThey have no tense it’s a matter of distance from reality:Next year, I am/will be/can be/ may be/could be/might be in the UK

Review 5/6Pragmatics: Do not pick on students or class fellows. //“See

you later.”// Language varies across jobs. //Think it over before saying “No, this is wrong” Recommended: “Very interesting point/question. Let me point out though that…” or some sort of hedging (softening expression).// FORMAL: Dr. Pizziconi, your course is interesting [NOT: his/her]. INFORMAL: Sergio, your course is interesting. {“On a first name basis” “May I call you Sergio?”}.// How is it going? How (are) you doing? What’s up? Wassup? Sup? It’s always Good.// Expectation of truthful statement. // Lag time between turns: When asking for questions, wait for a longer time.// Greetings (see next slide)//

Tools: www.thefreedictionary.com Also, the financial and legal dictionaries within and the Idioms section. // Check for the frequency of sentences googling them in quotes “……..” //

Semantics of prototypes

Review 6/6Pragmatics:

Informal Formal

Greetings Sup?Wassup?What’s up?How you doing?How is it going?

How are you doing?

Good morning/afternoon/evening

Intro “ (very) nice/glad/pleased to meet you!How do you do?

Parting after first meeting

(very) nice/glad/pleased meeting you!

FOEs 1/3- Information (uncountable: much information NOT many

informations , NOT an information)- Economy Vs Economics

- Security (against criminal actions) Vs Safety (against dangerous actions)

- Across (time, space whether real or abstract) Vs Through (space; means/tool)

- Frequent (a bar, a restaurant) Vs attend (a course/program/school)

- I study English Vs I study the English language- Aim/Attempt at (+ N; V-ing) OR to (+ V-base form)

FOEs 2/3- I’m graduated FROM Aversa high school I graduated FROM/AT Aversa high school- Such as (listing examples) as (in the function of)- Comparison and manner: As (+entire clause) like

(+noun)- Wal-Mart is one of the largest employers in the US. In

fact it’s the largest (A dire il vero)- Industry usually means productive sector. Plant,

factory (are the words for the place where things are manufactured)

- When a word is not used because of its meaning but as a word to be dealt with, mark it somehow: The verb can expresses…; The verb “can” expresses…; The verb can expresses

FOEs 3/3• What’s wrong in the sentence below?

– Is more correct to use “may” to mean permission.• You need a subject!

• Io sono d’accordo I agree with+N/ to +Vbase form (clause)…. [NOT: I am agree]

• A Facebook page is/isn’t useful to keep in touch [NOT for to keep in touch]

• Possessive case:

The doctor’s house Vs X Dr. Smith’s house

The consumer’s choice Vs The consumers’ choice

BUT The child’s toy Vs The children’s toy

BUT X Giordano’s book Vs The Giordano book

About Projects 1/2Regular path:

1)Choose one case study (Chp 2)

2)Compare the case in the text-book to/with (?) another case that you will choose and on which you can also find some related academic/professional sources

3)Write down a proposal by April 19th (email submission is allowed if you cannot talk to me during office hours):

a) Name……

b) Textbook’s case

c) Other case [Just name it and report a relevant URL]

d) Why? What is your goal? [explain]

e) Sources [Bibliographic references of at least two professional/academic articles]

See Usage note in Thefreedictionary

About Projects 2/2Individual path:

1)Think of your own interests (other classes you are taking, your forte, your strongest suit, your hobby, something weird you noticed)

2)Possibly compare two cases on which you can also find some academic/professional sources

3)Write down a proposal by April 19th (email submission is allowed if you cannot talk to me during office hours):

a) Name……

b) Your interest [Just name it]

c) The case/s [Just name it/them and report relevant URL/URLs]

d) Why? What is your goal? [explain]

e) Sources [Bibliographic references of at least three professional/academic articles]

Research DISCLAIMER

• What follows is the most basic structure of research.

• Each discipline has its own epistemology

• It might use different terms

• It might have fewer or more steps

You observe some “weird” thing.“All the characters in The Simpsons are yellow. How come?”

Hypotheses:1) The creators wanted to talk about human beings without ethnic differences;2) It’s to differentiate the show from other cartoons

Literature review (secondary sources)

Data collection (primary sources)

Interpretation

ResearchSTAGES of the

RESEARCH (long) process

a) The Huh?! stage

b) Preliminary observation

c) Hypothesis/es

d) Literature review

d) Data collectione) Interpretation.

Reading: Ben Sherman• Any question?

• Start an individual worksheet. Entitle it, “Sentences”. Copy in a numbered list the sentences I will point you at.

You will not submit this.

ALWAYS BRING TO CLASS THIS WORKSHEET

Look at the chart.

2 lines: describe the trend of price2 lines: describe the trend of exchange volume3 lines: compare the two trends